缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波

正压流体中,从准地转位涡方程出发采用摄动方法和时空伸长变换推导了在缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波方程,得到Rossby波振幅满足带有缓变地形非齐次Benjamin-Davis-Ono(BDO)方程的结论.通过分析孤立Rossby波振幅的演变,指出了β效应、地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波产生的重要因素,说明了在缓变地形强迫效应和非线性作用相平衡的假定下,Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足非齐次BDO方程,给出在切变基本气流下缓变地形和正压流体中Rossby波的相互作用.     

正压大气模式中在地形效应和β效应作用下的非线性Rossby包络孤立波

在正压大气模式下,采用多重尺度法研究了基本气流具有弱切变的正压非线性Rossby孤立波包,得到了当波振幅和纬向波数都是缓变情况下Rossby波包振幅的演变满足带有β效应和小尺度地形作用的非线性非齐次Schrdinger方程.说明β效应和地形效应是诱导Rossby包络孤立波的重要因素.     

N层模式大气中地形效应下的斜压Rossby孤立波

从N层位涡方程出发,无量纲化位涡方程,得到各位面上的位涡方程,在N位面上的涡度方程中考虑地形效应对Rossby孤立波的影响,用约化摄动法和时空伸长变换推导出地形效应作用下的Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)方程,说明地形对斜压Rossby孤立波的产生有重要的影响.     

完整Coriolis力作用下的非线性Rossby波包

在正压流体中,从准地转正压涡度方程出发,运用时空伸长变换和摄动法推导了在完整Coriolis力作用下的非线性Rossby孤立波包振幅的演变满足非齐次非线性Schrodinger方程的结论.结果分析表明,完整Coriolis力中的水平分量对Rossby孤立波产生一定的影响,同时,β效应和地形效应也是诱导Rossby孤立波产生的重要因素.     

线性缓变下垫面和耗散共同作用的Rossby孤立波包

本文从正压流体的准地转位涡方程出发,考虑到Rossby波随时间、空间演变的多尺度特性,采用多重尺度和摄动展开的方法推导了在线性缓变下垫面和耗散共同作用下的非线性Rossby波包演变满足推广的非线性Schdinger方程,并得到单个包络的孤立波解.通过分析包络的孤立波解,指出在耗散与下垫面共同作用下,大气中会出现双曲正割形状的Rossby孤立波包.同时得到,在切变基本流存在的情况下,地形强迫和耗散对Rossby包络孤立波的传播速度、波数和频率均有影响的结论.     

具有非线性地形的正压流体中孤立Rossby波的mKdV方程

正压流体中,采用摄动方法将准地转位涡方程推导出地形效应的mKdV方程,得到Rossby波振幅的演变满足地形效应的mKdV方程的结论,说明地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波的重要因素.     

完整Coriolis力作用下的二维非线性Rossby波

本文在正压流体中,从包含完整Coriolis参数的准地转位涡方程出发,在弱非线性长波近似下,采用多时空尺度和摄动方法,推导出大气非线性Rossby波振幅演变满足带有地形强迫的非线性Zakharov-Kuznetsov(ZK)-Burgers方程.结果分析表明:地球旋转的水平分量、β效应、地形效应和耗散都是诱导二维Rossby波产生的重要因子.     

弱二次切变基本流下地形和β变化的Rossby孤立波

在正压流体中从包含地形的准地转位涡出发,利用行波变换和约化摄动法导出了弱二次切变基本流下β变化和地形共同作用的正压Rossby孤立波振幅满足非齐次KdV方程.并计算了非齐次KdV方程的系数,说明弱二次切变基本气流、β变化和地形对Rossby孤立波的作用.     

Coriolis力作用下的β效应与层结效应的Rossby孤立波

从包含完整Coriolis力的大气运动方程组出发,利用半地转近似导出了β效应、层结效应和地球旋转水平分量f_h共同作用下的非线性Rossby波满足KdV方程以及KdVmKdV方程.结果表明β效应、层结效应和地球旋转水平分量对Rossby的作用.     

地形作用下的近赤道非线性Rossby波

本文首次从带有地形的赤道大气基本方程组出发,利用浅水模式近似、半地转近似、Gardner-Morikawa变换以及摂动展开法得到了具有地形效应的赤道非线性波动振幅所满足的Korteweg-de Vries方程,并且利用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法求得非线性方程对应的周期波解和孤立波解,指出地形是产生赤道Rossby孤立波的重要因素.     

切变基本纬向流中非线性赤道Rossby长波

为了解决观测和理论研究中的一些问题以及更好地了解热带大气动力学 ,有必要进一步研究基本气流的变化对大气中赤道Rossby波动的影响 .本文研究分析基本气流对赤道Rossby长波的影响 ,利用一个简单赤道 β平面浅水模式和摄动法 ,研究纬向基本气流切变中非线性赤道Rossby波 ,推导出在切变基本纬向流中赤道Rossby长波振幅演变所满足的非线性KdV方程并得到其孤立波解 .分析表明 ,孤立波存在的必要条件是基本气流有切变 ,而且基流切变不能太强 ,否则将产生正压不稳定 .     

雅可比椭圆函数在大气和海洋动力学中的应用:二维非线性Rossby波研究

提出了扩展雅可比椭圆函数方法，来求得Petviashvili方程的精确解析解.Petviashvili方程被视为正压准地转位涡度方程的非地转扩展，应用该方法可以得到很多二维非线性Rossby波的周期波解，在取极限情况下，也可以得到二维Rossby孤立子解.     

准地转大洋风生环流的格子Boltzmann数值模拟

建立了求解准地转相当正压涡度方程的格子Boltzmann (LB)模型. 该模型将准地转相当正压涡度方程作为一个平流-扩散-反应方程来加以处理，在整体二阶精度下，通过Chapman_Enskog多尺度分析法，可将格子Boltzmann方程还原到相当正压涡度方程. 在不同Reynolds数、不同边界条件以及不同风应力驱动下的数值解表明，该模型正确反映了风生环流的基本结构和不同边界的耗散特征，并得到风生环流的多平衡态解等非线性特征. 此外，不同Rossby变形半径下的实验证明，小Rossby变形半径更容易激发环流的非线性模态. 通过与同等类型有限差方案的比较，表明本文的LB模型具有稳定性好、精度高等优点.     

Boundary layer dissipation and the nonlinear interaction of equatorial baroclinic and barotropic rossby waves

Two-layer equatorial primitive equations for the free troposphere in the presence of a thin atmospheric boundary layer and thermal dissipation are developed here. An asymptotic theory for the resonant nonlinear interaction of long equatorial baroclinic and barotropic Rossby waves is derived in the presence of such dissipation. In this model, a self-consistent asymptotic derivation establishes that boundary layer flows are generated by meridional pressure gradients in the lower troposphere and give rise to degenerate equatorial Ekman friction. That is to say, the asymptotic model has the property that the dissipation matrix has one eigenvalue which is nearly zero: therefore the dynamics rapidly dissipates flows with pressure at the base of the troposphere and creates barotropic/baroclinic spin up/spin down. The simplified asymptotic equations for the amplitudes of the dissipative equatorial barotropic and baroclinic waves are studied by linear theory and integrated numerically. The results indicate that although the dissipation slightly weakens the tropics to midlatitude connection, strong localized wave packets are nonetheless able to exchange energy between barotropic and baroclinic waves on intraseasonal timescales in the presence of baroclinic mean shear. Interesting dissipation balanced wave-mean flow states are discovered through numerical simulations. In general, the boundary layer dissipation is very efficient for flows in which the barotropic and baroclinic components are of the same sign at the base of the free troposphere whereas the boundary layer dissipation is less efficient for flows whose barotropic and baroclinic components are of opposite sign at the base of the free troposphere.     

Characteristics of disturbances in the atmosphere and oceans

The characteristics of the disturbances in the atmosphere and oceans and in other stably stratified and rotating fluids are analyzed according to their phase and group velocities. It is shown that both stable stratification and rotation augment the velocity of the sound waves, and that the internal gravity waves and inertial waves are mutually exclusive when the Brunt-Väisälä frequency is different from the Coriolis parameter. It is also shown that both the barotropic and the internal Rossby waves are well separated from the gravity waves and that they can be represented accurately by the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation, even close to the equator, except for the one member withn=0 which is coupled with an eastward propagating gravity wave.     

真实基流中非线性Rossby波演变特征(一):数值模式设计

针对描述非线性Rossby波的正压准地转位涡方程,设计了一个隐式差分迭代格式,通过数值解与精确解对比的方法,验证了差分迭代格式的精度和稳定性.首先将正压准地转位涡方程简化为Couette流方程,对比了Couette流精确解和数值解,验证了差分格式对线性方程数值计算的精度和稳定性;然后通过构造精确解和修改原方程的方法,验...     

The effects of vertical shear and stratification on stationary rossby waves

Abstract

The generation of stationary Rossby waves by sources of potential vorticity in a westerly flow is examined here in the context of a two-layer, quasi-geostrophic, β-plane model. The response in each layer consists of a combination of a barotropic Rossby wave disturbance that extends far downstream of the source, and a baroclinic disturbance which is evanescent or wave-like in character, depending on the shear and degree of stratification. Contributions from each of these modes in each layer are strongly dependent on the basic flows in each layer; the degree of stratification; and the depths of the two layers. The lower layer response is dominated by an evanescent baroclinic mode when the upper layer westerlies are much larger than those in the lower layer. In this case, weak stationary Rossby waves of large wavelengths are confined to the upper layer and the disturbance in the lower layer is confined to the source region.

Increasing the upper layer flow (with the lower layer flow fixed) increases the Rossby wavelength and decreases the amplitude. Decreasing the lower layer flow (with the upper layer flow fixed) decreases the wavelength and increases the amplitude. Stratification increases the contribution from the barotropic wave-like mode and causes the response to be confined to the lower layer.

The finite amplitude response to westerly flow over two sources of potential vorticity is also considered. In this case stationary Rossby waves induced by both sources interact to reinforce or diminish the downstream wave pattern depending on the separation distance of the sources relative to the Rossby wavelength. For fixed separation distance, enhancement of the downstreatm Rossby waves will only occur for a narrow range of flow variables and stratification.     

Chaotic behaviour in a low-order unforced,inviscid barotropic model

A low-order model of the unforced, inviscid barotropic model is examined as a dynamical system. Analytic solutions, consisting of linear and nonlinear oscillations (Rossby waves), are obtained in appropriate limiting initial conditions. These solutions are periodic. With less restrictive initial conditions the system shows quasi-periodic behaviour at low energies and chaotic behviour at high energies. This transition is accompanied by frequency-locking and period-doubling. Quasi-periodic and chaotic behaviour may coëxist in phase space for the same values of the model invariants. The results are interpreted in terms of perturbed integrable Hamiltonian systems. Considerations of the low-frequency variability of the atmosphere are also made.     

Solitary Rossby Waves in Zonally Varying Jet Flows

The dynamics of solitary Rossby waves (SRWs) embedded in a meridionally sheared, zonally varying background flow are examined using a non-divergent barotropic model centered on a midlatitude g -plane. The zonally varying background flow, which is produced by an external potential vorticity (PV) forcing, yields a modified Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) equation that governs the spatial-temporal evolution of a disturbance field that contains both Rossby wave packets and SRWs. The modified K-dV equation differs from the classical equation in that the zonally varying background flow, which varies on the same scale as the disturbance field, directly affects the disturbance linear translation speed and linear growth characteristics. In the limit of a locally parallel background flow, equations governing the amplitude and propagation characteristics of SRWs are derived analytically. These equations show, for example, that a sufficiently large (small) translation speed and/or a sufficiently weak (strong) background zonal shear favor transmission (reflection) of the SRW through (from) the jet. Conservation equations are derived showing that time changes in the domain averaged amplitude ("mass") or squared amplitude ("momentum") are due to zonal variation in both the linear, long-wave phase speed and linear growth; dispersion and nonlinearity do not affect the "mass" or "momentum". Provided (1) the background PV forcing is sufficiently small, or (2) the background PV forcing is meridionally symmetric and the disturbance is a SRW, the dynamics of the disturbance field is Hamiltonian and mass and energy are thus conserved. Numerical solutions of the K-dV equation show that the zonally varying background flow yields three general classes of behavior: reflection, transmission, or trapping. Within each class there exists SRWs and Rossby wave packets. SRWs that become trapped within the zonally localized jet region may exhibit the following behaviors: (1) an oscillatory decay to a steady state at the jet center, (2) the creation of additional SRWs within the jet region, or (3) a steady-state wherein the solution has a smoothed step-like structure located downstream along the jet axis.