氢化物原子荧光法对多目标区域地球化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞的测定

本文研究了在酸性介质中,利用氢化物发生法,快速测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞。本法具有仪器结构简单,元素选择性好,干扰因素少等特点,并具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。充分满足了多目标区域地球化探的要求。     

原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的砷、锑和汞的方法改进

在原子荧光光谱法中，通过改进地球化学样品的分解条件，预还原条件及测定条件，使砷、锑和汞能在同一介质中测定，而且实现了砷与汞的双道同时测定。方法的检测出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业要求。     

微量单矿物辰砂分析

辰砂HgS是汞矿物中最主要的工业汞矿物。辰砂的理论成份是:汞86.2％;硫13.8％。常见杂质元素有:砷、锑、铋、硒碲等。这些痕量元秦的特征与含量对辰砂的成矿形成阶段,世代的研究有着重要的意义。因此,对辰砂单矿物的分析不仅需要测定主元素,而且对这些痕量元素也应进行     

重元素的甲基化合物及其在自然环境中的分布

根据有关资料,本文概述了铅、镉、汞、砷、锑、铊、铟、硒、碲和铋10种重元素在环境中的甲基化作用,以及其中汞、铅、砷、硒在环境中的分布水平的国外的一些研究成果。     

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中的砷、锑、铋

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法是测定砷、锑、铋等元素的一种快速、灵敏、准确的分析方法,国内外已有报导。 为了适应大批地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的分析,本文较详细地研究了用氢化物—原子吸收光谱法在同一份溶液中连续测定砷、锑、铋的仪器工作条件、氢化物发生条件及共存元素的干扰,找出了对砷、锑、铋均为有效的还原抑制体系,拟定了一个简便、快速、灵敏、准确地测定地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的方法。在选定的条件下,测得砷、锑、铋的灵敏度     

湘西酒店塘汞矿边深部汞硒锌成矿特征及找矿意义

酒店塘汞矿位于湘黔汞矿带南端,是以汞为主、共(伴)生硒-锌多金属成矿区.近年来的找矿勘查表明:矿床外围的高寨—上关溪地表以浅发现硒汞矿体,其延深部位找到了大中型汞矿床、硒矿床,硒在矿体中的分布与汞相一致,两者呈正相关关系.而酒店塘矿床边深部出现的锌矿则与汞矿化有明显的分带现象.因此,研究汞-硒-锌的成矿关系及分带现象,对于指导找矿具有十分重要的意义.     

计时电位溶出法同时测定锑样品中铜和铋

:探讨了以预镀汞膜玻碳电极为工作电极 ,同时测定锑类金属及其氧化物和硫化物中铜、铋的计时电位溶出法的适宜条件 ;试验了酸介质和常见元素对测定的影响 ;选择了仪器的最佳工作条件。结果表明 ,在 0 1mol/LHCl- 0 0 1mol/L抗坏血酸底液中 ,相对饱和氯化钾甘汞电极 ,铜与铋的溶出峰电位分别为 - 0 2 0V和 - 0 1 0V ,分辨效果较好。在测定条件下 ,铜和铋的线性范围分别为 0～ 30 0μg/L和 0～ 80 μg/L ,检出限分别为 7μg/L和 2 μg/L。用该法测定出口锑中铜和铋 ,结果与AAS及ICP -AES法测定值吻合 ,三次重复测定的RSD在 1 2 %～ 4 1 %。     

用X射线荧光法找金矿实例

一地质依据我国的金矿床类型很多,而金与黄铁矿、黄铜矿,毒砂等矿物共生的金矿床占大多数,这对应用核物探x射线荧光法寻找金矿,十分有利。由于携带式x射线荧光仪能在野外现场直接测定铜、砷、铅、锌、汞、锑、钨、硒、铋等元素的含量变化规律,并利用其相关关系,则可在野外立即圈定金矿远景区及其隐伏矿体,从而达到勘查金矿的目的。     

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤中痕量砷锑铋汞

土壤样品用水浴加热王水溶解1 h,在10%的盐酸介质下,用0.5 L/min的载气流量,10 g/L的硼氢化钠-氢氧化钠作为还原剂,将自行设计的一种新型氢化物发生器与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)联用测定痕量砷、锑、铋、汞,一次溶样即可实现多元素在同母液同条件下同时测定。方法检出限为0.01～0.06 ng/g,加标回收率为92.0%～102.0%,精密度(RSD)低于5%。此方法通过加入抗坏血酸-硫脲溶液预先将砷和锑还原,汞的测定不受还原剂的影响,同时解决了目前多元素分次测量带来的不便和试剂消耗多等问题,样品前处理及测量过程快速、简单,无记忆效应的影响,适合环境样品中痕量砷、锑、铋、汞的同时测定。     

氢化物—无色散原子荧光法测定地质样品中微量硒及碲

在过去的报告中,我们曾详细地报导了有关氢化物——无色散原子荧光光谱法的实验技术及有关装置。目前,我们已将这个方法应用于化探样品中测定微量砷、锑及铋。两年来,在我们的实验室中已分析了近三万个样品。方法简便、快速。 关于硒及碲的测定Kirkbright曾作过报导,但是,检出限较差。Nakahara等也曾详细研究了硒及碲的测定,所报导的检出限分别为0.3及30ng,由于采用了碘化碲无极灯,碲的测定受到铋的光谱干扰。在本     

Distribution,chemical speciation and source of trace elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary

To evaluate biogeochemical characteristics, eco-environmental risks and sources of trace elements (TEs: As, Hg, Se, Sb, Te, Sn, Bi and Ge), their total concentrations and chemical speciation in surface sediments collected from the Changjiang Estuary were determined. Total concentrations for As, Hg, Se, Sb, Te, Sn, Bi and Ge were 4.57–30.20, 0.01–0.40, 0.04–0.38, 0.36–1.48, 0.02–0.10, 0.48–6.58, 0.13–0.64 and 0.83–2.43 μg/g, respectively, with higher values at the estuary. This distribution pattern was attributed to the riverine input and high clay and total organic carbon contents. The sequential extraction suggested that TEs mainly occurred in residual fractions. The risk assessment code suggested that As, Hg and Sn were at low risk, whereas Bi, Se, Sb, Te and Ge were at medium risk. The geoaccumulation index (I _geo) and principal component analysis indicated that Se and Sn mainly came from the natural input (crustal and biological inputs), whereas As, Sb, Hg, Bi and Te came from both of the crustal and anthropogenic inputs via atmosphere and rivers. In addition, Ge possibly came from the natural (crustal and biological inputs) and anthropogenic inputs.     

Iron caps in pyrite ore deposits of southern Urals and criteria of their difference from infiltration and sedimentary accumulations of iron hydroxides

Gossans may be distinguished from sedimentary and infiltrational accumulations of iron hydroxides by their positions in the section, often by their burial under loose Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments, certain mineralogical criteria, and particularly by the following associations of minor metals, typical of the brown ironstones: a) over pyritic ores: Cu, Pb, Ag, Ba, Sr, Hg, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te; Te:Se = 1,8 to 1.10; b) over chalcopyritic and copper-zinc-pyritic ores; Cu, Pb, Ag, Ba, Se, Te, Zn, Mo, As, Sr, Hg, Au, Bi, K, Na; Te:Se = 1.2 to 1.7. The tellurium-selenium ratio in infiltra tiorial ironstones is characteristically variable within a wide range and their minor metals are even more varied and numerous than in the gossans. --IGR Staff.     

Geochemical reconnaissance survey and environmental assessment for stream sediments of Wadi Um Gier,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

The purposes of this study were to assess the influence of old mining activities on the geochemistry and quality of sediments and to identify the sites of economic elements. Thirty sites of stream sediment were sampled in the study area covered by granitic, metarhyodacitic and meta-andesitic rocks and related tuffs-hosted abandoned Au mine. The suite of chemical elements, Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Mn, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr, pH value and total organic carbon were determined, and univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were applied. The results show that the enrichment factor (EF) is very high in the case of Te and significant also with respect to Ag, Bi, Cu, Sb, Se, Sn and Zn. Likewise, geoaccumulation indices (Igeos) varied from very highly polluted with Sn and Te, strongly to very strongly polluted with Bi and Se, and moderately polluted with Sb. The polluted sites of Ag, Bi, Sb, Se, Sn and Te were outlined using Igeos maps, and economic sites of Ag and Sn were identified by geochemical maps leading to their sources, which are likely to be mining activities and lithogenic processes. The pollutant elements may cause toxicity in stream sediments, or surface or underground water, as well as plants and animals in the area. This investigation provides an environmental baseline for future monitoring of possible human/anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural impacts on the study area and considers an attempt at re-mining Ag and Sn.     

Heavy meals in urban roadside soils, part 1: effect of particle size fractions on heavy metals partitioning

Urban roadside soils are important environmental media for assessing heavy metal concentrations in urban environment. However, among other things, heavy metal concentrations are controlled by soil particle grain size fractions. In this study, two roadside sites were chosen within the city of Xuzhou (China) to reflect differences in land use. Bulk soil samples were collected and then divided by particle diameter into five physical size fractions, 500–250, 250–125, 125–74, 74–45, < 45 μm. Concentrations of metals (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Pb, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) were determined for each individual fraction. These metals could be roughly classified into two groups: anthropogenic element (Pb, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) and lithophile element (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Co, Mn, Ni, V) in terms of values of enrichment factor. As expected, higher concentrations of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Hg, Bi, Ag) are observed in the finest particle grain size fraction (i.e. < 45 μm). However, heavy metals Se, Sb and Ba behave independently of selected grain size fractions. From the viewpoint of mass loading, more than 30% of the concentrations for all anthropogenic heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 μm at site 1 and more than 70% of the concentrations for all heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 and 74–125 μm at site 2. These results are important for transport of soil-bound heavy metals and pollution control by various remedial options.     

Variations des teneurs en éléments mineurs (Cd,In, Ge,Ga, Ag,Bi, Se,Hg, Sn) des minerais de Pb-Zn de la province polymétallique des Andes du Pérou Central

About 1,500 samples of Pb and Zn concentrates and ores from 89 ore deposits of the polymetallic province of the Andes of central Peru have been analyzed. The distributions of Cd, In, Ge, Ga, Ag, Bi, Se, Hg, and Sn in these ore deposits can be reported on the basis of

the typology of ore deposits, i.e., some types of ore deposits (syndiagenetic without associated volcanism and volcano-sedimentary of Triassic-Lias, exhalative sedimentary of Upper Jurassic) show very characteristic minor and trace element patterns;

the temperature of ore formation that controls the abundance of Bi and Hg, in general, and of Ag, Se, and Sn in the Tertiary hydrothermal deposits;

the age and nature of the country rock, e.g., an In, Ga, and Sn positive anomaly and Cd negative anomaly appears in the deposits with Paleozoic country rock;

the geographic position of ore deposits, e.g., in the northern part of the province an In, Ga, Ge, and Cd positive anomaly appears.

     

Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China

The knowledge of the variability, the anthropogenic versus natural origin and corresponding environmental risk for potentially harmful elements in urban topsoils is of importance to assess human impact. The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the distribution of heavy metals (Sn, Li, Ga, Ba, Fe, Mn, Co, Be, Ti, Al, Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag) in urban environment; (2) to discriminate natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) to identify possible sources of pollution. Multivariate statistic approaches (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of three main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in Xuzhou urban topsoils. Results demonstrate that Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Br, Zn, Cu, S, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag could be inferred to be tracers of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Al, Ti, Ga, Li, V, Co, Pt, Mn and Be were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials. Iron, Ba, Sn, Pd and Br were interpreted to be affected by mixed sources.     

Secondary geochemical dispersion in the Precambrian auriferous Hutti-Maski schist belt, Raichur district, Karnataka, India. Part I: anomalies of As, Sb, Hg and Bi in soil and groundwater

The nature of secondary geochemical dispersion of As, Sb, Hg and Bi in soil and ground water of the semi-arid, tropical, Archaean, auriferous, Hutti-Maski greenstone belt has been investigated for identification of appropriate geochemical techniques for Au exploration in similar terrains.Results indicate that the <180 μm size-fraction of C-horizon soil is an appropriate sampling medium for delineating pedogeochemical anomalies of As, Sb, Hg and Bi related to gold mineralisation. These pedogeochemical anomalies along with anomalous values of alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, As and Sb in groundwater are controlled significantly by primary mineralisation located along shear zones in the greenstone belt. Arsenic anomalies in soil are broad, whereas, those of Sb and Bi are restricted to narrow zones directly over mineralised areas. In contrast, Hg anomalies around known mineralised areas are irregular and do not clearly demarcate the mineralised areas. The study indicates that anomalies of As, Sb and Hg in soil are principally hydromorphic, whereas those of Bi are clastic.The study recommends use of groundwater sampling at 2–3 km spacing with routine analysis of chloride, sulphate and alkalinity along with As and Sb in the first phase. This may be followed up with sampling of C-horizon of soils on a 1 km square grid for As-anomalies. Arsenic-anomalous areas may be sampled for As, Sb, Hg and Bi on a 500 m square grid for detailed exploration.     

流域上游基岩与下游冲积平原土壤化学组成的对比

对海河水系流域、鄱阳湖水系流域上游的基岩与下游的冲积平原土壤之间化学组成的对比研究显示,下游冲积物土壤的化学组成明显地受源岩成分、形成过程和形成环境的影响。流域上游基岩的一些特征元素在冲积物土壤中被明显地继承,如海河流域基岩和土壤中的CO2、CaO、MgO、FeO、Sr,鄱阳湖流域基岩和土壤中的W、Sn、Bi、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Tl、As、Sb、Se、Hg、Nb、Ta、Hf、B、Be、Ge、Pt、Pd、Y。受形成过程和形成环境的影响,处于暖温带半湿润季风气候下的海河流域冲积平原土壤以极富集CO2、CaO、Na2O、Cl,显著富集MgO、FeO、Sr,富集P、S为特征;而处于亚热带湿润季风气候下的鄱阳湖流域冲积平原土壤则以显著富集Hg、Se和富集Al2O3、Fe2O3H2O^＋、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Cs、Tl、Li、Be、B、Ga、Ge、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、As、Sb、Co、Cr、Ti、V、Zn、Pt、Pd、REE、Y为特征。无论是海河流域还是鄱阳湖流域的冲积平原土壤,均富集As、Sb、Hg、B、Cl、W、Sn、Bi、Pb、Se、Ge、Li、Cs、Cu、Au、Fe2O3、V、Cr、Ni、Zr、Hf、Y。     

Geochemical and Environmental Evaluation of Um Shashoba Gold Mine Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

A suite of elements(Ag,Au,Ba,Bi,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Ga,Hf,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Se, Sr,Te and Zn),total organic carbon(TOC)and pH were analyzed in stream sediment and tailing samples from Um Shashoba area,in order to evaluate Au placer and the sediments being impacted by old mining activities.Analytical results were examined using statistical,graphical and mapping methods.In spite of the results revealing that Au and most of the elements in sediments were in general significantly lower than those in tailing,Au wa...     

应用于原子荧光光谱分析的空心阴极灯灯电流与激发光强度关系的实验

应用XGY-6080型全自动双通道原子荧光光谱仪，研究了As、Bi、Sb、Hg、Se、Te、Pb、Sn、Ge、Cd和Zn等元素的高效特种空心阴极灯的一些性能特点，分析和讨论了各元素灯主、辅阴极电流与激发光强度之间的关系，为进行原子荧光光谱分析时空心阴极灯供电电流的选择提供一些参考依据。