东北地区气温变化对粮食产量的影响

分析了东北地区１９５１￣１９９４年作物生长季（６￣９月）旬平均气温变化及其对粮食产量的影响。结果表明，作物生长季气温度变化有明显的增暖趋势，主要表现在８０年代以后，其增温幅度小于平均气温升温幅度，通过气温变化与粮食产量关系及作物生育关键期气温的变化对产量贡献的分析，进一步阐明东北地区气温升高有利于粮食增产。     

松嫩平原作物光温生产潜力对气温变化的响应

根据松嫩平原1951～2005年36个气象站的历史资料,分析了44 a温度的年际变化特征,采用机制法,计算了松嫩平原农作物的光温生产潜力.在MAPGIS、SAS的支持下,探讨了农作物生产潜力的时空变化规律,分析了气温变化对作物光温生产潜力的影响,建立了气温因子与作物生产潜力之间的回归模型.     

东北地区近百年气候变化及突变检测

利用沈阳、大连、营口、长春、哈尔滨、黑河6个代表站1905~2001年的月平均气温和月降水观测数据,建立了东北地区近百年来季、年的气温和降水序列。对所建温度和降水序列分别与同一区域内26个代表站的温度序列和51个代表站的降水序列近40年同期资料做了相关分析,检验了序列的代表性。在所建序列的基础上,分析了东北地区百年气温的年代、年和季节等不同时间尺度的变化特点和地域分布特征,以及百年降水量的变化规律,采用谱分析方法探讨了序列的周期性变化特征,并采用Mann-Kendall和Yamamoto方法对经过滑动平均的气温和降水序列进行了突变分析。     

中国气候异常变化与ENSO准四年循环的联系分析

从月资料分析入手，分析了中国大陆地区的降水和气温异常与ENSO的联系。首先用REOF方法对降水和气温的变化进行分区分析，并讨论其年际变化特点。然后对降水和海温场、气温和海温场分别进行CSVD分析，讨论了在ENSO准四年循环的不同位相上，气温和降水的异常变化情况。结果表明：（1)在ElNino期间，我国东部地区，尤其是东北、长江中下游的江南地区降水偏多，容易发生洪涝，华北地区、黄河流域尤其是中部降水偏少，可能发生干旱。其中长江中下游的南部降水与赤道中东太平洋海温在准四年变化上关系密切，当中东太平洋海温达到最高值后约3个月，长江中下游的南部降水出现最大正距平。(2)在ElNino期间，东北容易出现低温天气，而其它地区尤其是河套地区及西南南部易出现高温天气。其中东北地区气温变化与赤道中东太平洋海温在准四年变化上关系密切，当中东太平洋海温达到最高值后约2个月，东北气温的负距平出现最低。LaNina阶段，情况与前述相反。     

气候变化对四川盆地作物生产潜力的影响评估

计算了四川盆地作物的光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力,选择代表站点分析了主要气象因子的变化特征及其对生产潜力的影响。结果表明,四川盆地日照时数和降水量在减少,气温在升高,日照时数和降水量的减少使生产潜力降低,而气温升高具有增加作用;各类生产潜力在1970 s都属于高值时期,光温生产潜力在2006年达到另一个高值;近十年各类生产潜力平均值均较1970 s有所减少,盆地平均气温升高1℃,光温生产潜力增加6%,降水量减少10%,气候生产潜力减少1.6%。      

气候变化对四川盆地作物生产潜力的影响评估

计算了四川盆地作物的光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力,选择代表站点分析了主要气象因子的变化特征及其对生产潜力的影响。结果表明,四川盆地日照时数和降水量在减少,气温在升高,日照时数和降水量的减少使生产潜力降低,而气温升高具有增加作用;各类生产潜力在1970s都属于高值时期,光温生产潜力在2006年达到另一个高值;近十年各类生产潜力平均值均较1970s有所减少,盆地平均气温升高1℃,光温生产潜力增加6％,降水量减少10％,气候生产潜力减少1．6％。     

中国农田下垫面变化对气候影响的模拟研究

使用同期的美国国家环境预报中心/能源部(NCEP/DOE)再分析资料驱动区域气候耦合模式AVIM-RIEMS2.0,从遥感卫星图像资料中获取3期中国土地利用/覆盖数据中的农田植被类型,将其分别引入到AVIM-RIEMS2.0模式进行积分,研究中国农田下垫面变化对东亚区域气候的影响。结果表明:中国农田变化对气候影响具有冬季弱、夏季强的季节性变化,夏季气温和降水的差异在一些地区通过了95%的显著性检验;20世纪80年代农田扩张,林地、草地为主的植被类型转化为农田,植被变化区域的叶面积指数降低,反照率升高,且通过了95%的显著性检验,使得中国东部地区的气温由南到北呈现增加—减少—增加—减少的相间变化趋势,而降水的变化趋势大体相反;20世纪90年代农田面积减少,除东北地区外,农田变化引起的植被变化与80年代基本相反,叶面积指数变化、反照率以及由此导致的气候各要素也呈现大体相反的变化趋势;不同时期农田变化引起的植被类型转化的差异,使850 hPa风场变化趋势基本相反,可能是导致气温和降水变化趋势差异的主要原因之一。     

近55 a明水县温度和降水变化及其对农业生产的影响

对明水县1953～2007年气温和降水资料进行分析结果表明:近55 a气温呈上升趋势,年降水量呈减少趋势,根据气温和降水变化的特点分析对农业生产的影响.     

东北地区玉米气候生产潜力时空分布特征

利用旋转经验正交函数和功率谱等方法分析了1961～2007年东北地区玉米光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力的时间变化趋势及区域特征。结果表明,东北地区玉米光温生产潜力呈显著的上升趋势;气候生产潜力呈下降趋势,但变化趋势不显著。玉米光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力均存在7～9年的显著周期变化。玉米气候生产潜力还存在5年和3年左右的显著周期;东北玉米光温生产潜力呈西南区域与东北区域相反的空间趋势分布,生产潜力的高值区位于辽宁大部、吉林西部和黑龙江西南部,低值区位于东北的东部地区;东北玉米气候生产潜力的高值区位于东北的东南部,低值区位于东北的西部。     

气温正常有利作物越冬 降水偏少桂滇冬旱露头

气温正常有利作物越冬降水偏少桂滇冬旱露头－１９９３年１２月－李翠金１２月，全国大部月平均气温接近常年，气温变化比较平缓，无寒潮人侵我国，未发生明显冻害。月降水量，东北地区偏多，全国大部地区偏少，桂、滇、川冬旱露头。中旬，南方部分地区出现连阴雨（雪）天...     

气候变化及其对农作物生产潜力的影响

利用国家气象中心整编的1951—1990年全国160站年、月平均气温和总降水量,的资料序列,计算和分析了我国近40年的气候变化,讨论了我国气候变化的区域性和季节性差异;计算了各站的年作物光温生产潜力,探讨了气象变化对农业生产的影响。     

华北夏季不同月份降水的年代际变化

利用９５１年到１９９６年华北地区１７个站的月降水资料,分析了华北地区夏季各月降水的年代际变化特征,结果表明：６月降水量较少,且在年代际变化下没有表现出减少趋势;７月降水量较多,年代际变化较大,８０年代是少;８月的降水量在年代际变化上表现出线性减少的趋势并呈准１０年周期的振荡,７月和８月的降水量均在６０年代中期和从７０年代末到８０年代初有两次明显的减少。根据７、８月降水不同的年代际变化特征,我们利用     

中国季风区植被净初级生产力对东亚夏季风的响应机理研究

东亚夏季风可显著影响中国季风区气候变化,但是季风区植被净初级生产力(NPP)对夏季风气候变化的响应机理尚不明确。利用大气—植被相互作用模型(AVIM2)模拟了中国季风区植被NPP,分析了其与夏季风指数的相关关系,探讨了其对夏季风变化的响应机理。研究发现,我国南、北方植被对夏季风强度变化的响应方式和机理并不相同。强夏季风年北方植被NPP增加,而南方植被NPP减少。东亚夏季风对中国华北平原植被生长季NPP的作用主要是通过影响该地降水量实现的;京、津、冀地区植被NPP受东亚夏季风带来的气温和降水量变化的叠加影响,因而成为北方对夏季风变化最敏感的区域。东亚夏季风对我国南方江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北、江西植被NPP的作用是通过影响太阳辐射实现的,强夏季风导致太阳辐射减弱,从而使各省植被NPP减少。南方沿海的浙江和福建,强季风年带来的弱太阳辐射和低温是该地植被NPP减少的原因。广东、台湾植被NPP则主要受强夏季风带来的低温影响。     

中国西南汛期降水的振动和分布及其与印度洋海温异常的关系

用自然正交函数展开方法对1961－1995年西南汛期（6－8月）降水大尺度变化特征进行了分析，并在此基础上用典型相关分析方法研究了1－8月印度洋海温距平场与西南汛期降水场的遥相关分布特征，结果表明：西南汛期降水的地域差异显著，年际和年代际变化明显，其变化与印度洋海温变化有一定联系，分析还进一步表明，当印度洋海温呈某种特定的配置时，特别是南印度洋中西部海温的异常变化对西南汛期降水的发觉分布有一定作用，揭示了印度洋海温变化在西南汛期降水异常分布中的信号现象，说明特定的印度洋海温分布可以作为西南汛期旱涝预报的信号因子。     

Attribution of Maize Yield Increase in China to Climate Change and Technological Advancement Between 1980 and 2010

Crop yields are affected by climate change and technological advancement. Objectively and quantitatively evaluating the attribution of crop yield change to climate change and technological advancement will ensure sustainable development of agriculture under climate change. In this study, daily climate variables obtained from 553 meteorological stations in China for the period 1961-2010, detailed observations of maize from 653 agricultural meteorological stations for the period 1981-2010, and results using an Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) model, are used to explore the attribution of maize (Zea mays L.) yield change to climate change and technological advancement. In the AEZ model, the climatic potential productivity is examined through three step-by-step levels: photosynthetic potential productivity, photosynthetic thermal potential productivity, and climatic potential productivity. The relative impacts of different climate variables on climatic potential productivity of maize from 1961 to 2010 in China are then evaluated. Combined with the observations of maize, the contributions of climate change and technological advancement to maize yield from 1981 to 2010 in China are separated. The results show that, from 1961 to 2010, climate change had a significant adverse impact on the climatic potential productivity of maize in China. Decreased radiation and increased temperature were the main factors leading to the decrease of climatic potential productivity. However, changes in precipitation had only a small effect. The maize yields of the 14 main planting provinces in China increased obviously over the past 30 years, which was opposite to the decreasing trends of climatic potential productivity. This suggests that technological advancement has offset the negative effects of climate change on maize yield. Technological advancement contributed to maize yield increases by 99.6%-141.6%, while climate change contribution was from-41.4% to 0.4%. In particular, the actual maize yields in Shandong, Henan, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia increased by 98.4, 90.4, 98.7, and 121.5 kg hm^-2 yr^-1 over the past 30 years, respectively. Correspondingly, the maize yields affected by technological advancement increased by 113.7, 97.9, 111.5, and 124.8 kg hm^-2 yr^-1, respectively. On the contrary, maize yields reduced markedly under climate change, with an average reduction of-9.0 kg hm^-2 yr^-1. Our findings highlight that agronomic technological advancement has contributed dominantly to maize yield increases in China in the past three decades.     

Diversity on the Interannual Variations of Spring Monthly Precipitation in Southern China and the Associated Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

There is a continuous and relatively stable rainy period every spring in southern China (SC). This spring precipitation process is a unique weather and climate phenomenon in East Asia. Previously, the variation characteristics and associated mechanisms of this precipitation process have been mostly discussed from the perspective of seasonal mean. Based on the observed and reanalysis datasets from 1982 to 2021, this study investigates the diversity of the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC, and focuses on the potential influence of the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The results show that the interannual variations of monthly precipitation in spring in SC have significant differences, and the correlations between each two months are very weak. All the interannual variations of precipitation in three months are related to a similar western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC), and the southwesterlies at the western flank of WNPAC bring abundant water vapor for the precipitation in SC. However, the WNPAC is influenced by tropical SST anomalies in different regions each month. The interannual variation of precipitation in March in SC is mainly influenced by the signal of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, and the associated SST anomalies in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific regulate the WNPAC through the Pacific-East Asia (PEA) tele-connection. In contrast, the WNPAC associated with the interannual variation of precipitation in April can be affected by the SST anomalies in the northwestern equatorial Pacific through a thermally induced Rossby wave response. The interannual variation of precipitation in May is regulated by the SST anomalies around the western Maritime Continent, which stimulates the development of low-level anomalous anticyclones over the South China Sea and east of the Philippine Sea by driving anomalous meridional vertical circulation.     

Assessing the impact of climate changes on the potential yields of maize and paddy rice in Northeast China by 2050

Northeast China is the main crop production region in China, and future climate change will directly impact crop potential yields, so exploring crop potential yields under future climate scenarios in Northeast China is extremely critical for ensuring future food security. Here, this study projected the climate changes using 12 general circulation models (GCMs) under two moderate Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 6.0) from 2015 to 2050. Then, based on the Global Agro-ecological Zones (GAEZ) model, we explored the effect of climate change on the potential yields of maize and paddy rice in Northeast China during 2015–2050. The annual relative humidity increased almost throughout the Northeast China under two RCPs. The annual precipitation increased more than 400 mm in some west, east, and south areas under RCP 4.5, but decreased slightly in some areas under RCP 6.0. The annual wind speed increased over 2 m/s in the west region. The annual net solar radiation changes varied significantly with latitude, but the changes of annual maximum temperature and minimum temperature were closely related to the terrain. Under RCP 4.5, the average maize potential yield increased by 34.31% under the influence of climate changes from 2015 to 2050. The average rice potential yield increased by 16.82% from 2015 to 2050. Under RCP 6.0, the average maize and rice potential yields increased by 25.65% and 6.34% respectively. The changes of maize potential yields were positively correlated with the changes of precipitation, wind speed, and net solar radiation (the correlation coefficients were > 0.2), and negatively correlated with the changes of relative humidity, minimum and maximum temperature under two RCPs. The changes of rice potential yields were positively correlated with the changes of precipitation (correlation coefficient = 0.15) under RCP 4.5. Under RCP 6.0, it had a slight positive correlation with net solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed.     

基于MIROC/WRF嵌套模式的中国气候降尺度模拟

开展了基于嵌套的全球模式MIROC和区域气候模式WRF的动力降尺度模拟试验,检验该模式对中国气候的模拟性能,得到以下结论:全球气候模式MIROC和WRF都能较好地模拟出中国年平均地表气温(下文简称气温)分布。WRF模式对气温场的描述更为细致,模拟出了四川盆地高温和中国最北方区域的低温。两个模式总体上对南方降水模拟好于北方地区,东部地区好于西部地区。MIROC模式模拟的年平均和各季节降水与观测的 空间相关系数在0.79～0.83之间,表明它对降水的模拟较好。WRF模式模拟的降水空间分布好于MIROC模式。MIROC模式在青藏高原东南侧存在虚假降水中心,WRF能有效改进该地区降水的模拟。两个模式对年平均气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力均较差,WRF模式相对MIROC模式有一定改进。