含片钠铝石砂岩与地层水相互作用实验

不同温度(100℃、150℃和200℃)地层水对含片钠铝石砂岩的改造作用研究显示,随着温度升高,砂岩的溶解程度逐渐增强,样品中片钠铝石的稳定性逐渐减弱。在片钠铝石溶解的同时,200℃时样品表面有高钠长石和绿泥石生成,且通过X-射线衍射分析发现,在150℃和200℃时有某种未知的碳酸盐矿物生成,生成量随温度升高而增大。100℃时片钠铝石的微弱溶解及150℃和200℃时碳酸盐矿物的生成表明,在地层条件下以片钠铝石等碳酸盐矿物形式捕获的CO2能够稳定存在。     

乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩分布

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷发现含片钠铝石砂岩，片钠铝石为一种成岩自生矿物。将含片钠铝石砂岩和CO2气的井位综合对比，结合该区构造断裂带分布与γ5花岗岩分布特征以及含片钠铝石砂岩与CO2气纵深分布数据的研究，确定含片钠铝石砂岩的分布与断裂带以及γ5花岗岩的分布具有耦合关系，同时含片钠铝石砂岩与CO2气的分布也具有区域相关性。从而可以确定片钠铝石可以作为CO2气的示踪矿物。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石沉凝灰岩的成岩作用

以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷大磨拐河组-伊敏组的含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及配套能谱、茜素红 S染色、阴极发光和X 射线衍射分析等技术手段,对研究样品的岩石类型、自生矿物种类及共生序列进行了详细研究。贝尔凹陷发育片钠铝石的宿主岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,自生矿物以发育片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿三种碳酸盐矿物为主,片钠铝石含量高达25%。成岩共生序列为菱铁矿Ⅰ→高岭石、石英次生加大→片钠铝石→微晶石英→方解石→铁白云石→菱铁矿Ⅱ→沥青。不同于国内外其它地区发现片钠铝石的主要产状为充填孔隙,本区内发育的片钠铝石以交代长石、石英、岩屑颗粒和高岭石基质为赋存特征,表明沉凝灰岩中的长石、岩屑、高岭石基质可以为其提供金属离子物质来源,并在CO2参与下,与成岩流体反应生成片钠铝石。大量碳酸盐矿物（15-44%）的发育证明了火山碎屑岩具有较高的CO2矿物捕获能力。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石沉凝灰岩的成岩作用

以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷大磨拐河组—伊敏组的含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及配套能谱、茜素红-S染色、阴极发光和X-射线衍射分析等技术手段,对研究样品的岩石类型、自生矿物种类及共生序列进行了详细研究.贝尔凹陷发育片钠铝石的宿主岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,自生矿物以发育片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿三种碳酸盐矿物为主,片钠铝石含量高达25％.成岩共生序列为菱铁矿Ⅰ→高岭石、石英次生加大→片钠铝石→微晶石英→方解石→铁白云石→菱铁矿Ⅱ→沥青.不同于国内外其它地区发现片钠铝石的主要产状为充填孔隙,本区内发育的片钠铝石以交代长石、石英、岩屑颗粒和高岭石基质为赋存特征,表明沉凝灰岩中的长石、岩屑、高岭石基质可以为其提供金属离子物质来源,并在CO2参与下,与成岩流体反应生成片钠铝石.大量碳酸盐矿物(15-44％)的发育证明了火山碎屑岩具有较高的CO2矿物捕获能力.     

贝尔凹陷沉凝灰岩储层片钠铝石前体矿物研究

为拓展CO2封存的储层选取范围,研究CO2充注过的储层中矿物的赋存状态,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X--射线衍射分析及铸体图像分析等技术对贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石储层进行了系统研究。研究区发育片钠铝石的岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,储层深度范围为882.26~941.4 m,该类储层发育有2类9种储集空间类型,以次生孔隙为主,属于低孔低渗储层。岩石骨架碎屑颗粒石英、长石、岩屑均有不同程度溶蚀;自生矿物以片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿为主。片钠铝石主要以充填溶蚀孔隙或交代颗粒的形式产出。综合研究区岩相学、矿物含量和热力学分析结果,长石和片钠铝石的生成具有亲缘性,为片钠铝石的形成提供了必要的元素和生长空间。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷片钠铝石及研究意义

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩与CO2气井、燕山期花岗岩的分布一致,均产于苏仁诺尔构造带乌西断裂控制的区域.在偏光显微镜和扫描电镜下观察发现片钠铝石的产状有3种:①部分或全部交代长石、石英等碎屑颗粒,多呈长柱状、片板状集合体;②作为胶结物充填于碎屑颗粒间的孔隙中,呈放射状、束状、毛发状、菊花状集合体;③充填在碎屑矿物的溶洞或裂隙中,呈纤维状集合体.含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩共生序次和油气包裹体及现今地层水特征均表明,片钠铝石的生长时间晚于任何其它自生矿物.电子探针及INCA能谱仪分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、Al、O、C等组成.研究表明,海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷片钠铝石可作为深部CO2热流体活动的示踪矿物.     

砂岩中片钠铝石的特征及其稳定性研究

片钠铝石是一种斜方晶系、含水、钠和铝的碳酸盐矿物,砂岩中的片钠铝石是最晚形成的自生矿物之一,一般以放射状、束状、毛发状、板状等分布于砂岩的孔隙中或交代长石和岩屑等。片钠铝石是在高CO₂分压,温度在25~100℃,碱性—弱酸性流体条件下形成的。片钠铝石的溶解实验表明,地层条件下片钠铝石发生溶解的温度区间为100~150℃,且反应后有碳酸盐及其他矿物生成。片钠铝石在100℃时的稳定和新碳酸盐矿物的生成表明,地层条件下片钠铝石能够稳定存在,能够实现CO₂在地下的永久贮存。     

苏北阜宁组砂岩中片钠铝石的出现及其地质意义

片钠铝石先后在加拿大、澳大利亚、美国、坦桑尼亚、意大利等地陆续发现,我国于1966年在胜利油田第三系砂岩中也发现了片钠铝石。当时该矿物在岩石中含量较少,因此仅报导了该矿物的特征、产状及成因等。近年来,在苏北盆地的砂岩储层中陆续有所发现。尤其在金湖凹陷杨家坝地区的阜宁组砂     

莺歌海盆地乐东区片钠铝石特征及其对浅层CO2充注的指示

作为天然CO₂的示踪矿物,片钠铝石的形成与CO₂充注密切相关.莺歌海盆地乐东区乐东X构造莺歌海组-黄流组CO₂气藏内发育含片钠铝石砂岩,在开展的岩石学和地球化学研究基础上,确定了研究区片钠铝石的产状和纵向分布特征,分析了形成片钠铝石的“碳来源”和气水条件,进而探讨了与片钠铝石具有成因联系的CO₂的成因.乐东X构造含片钠铝石砂岩为细—极细粒长石石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,片钠铝石主要以充填孔隙及交代颗粒的形式产出,是成岩共生序列中形成较晚的自生矿物之一.在纵向上,片钠铝石仅集中发育于高含CO₂气层的底部以及其下的水层中,这一分布特征以地质实例的形式证实了片钠铝石的形成需要水的参与.研究区浅层CO₂充注后形成的碳酸盐矿物为片钠铝石和铁白云石.片钠铝石的碳氧同位素特征表明形成片钠铝石的“碳”与LDX构造气层中CO₂具有相同的碳来源,以无机幔源成因CO₂为主.红河断裂以及莺歌海盆地中央坳陷内一系列底辟构造及伴生的垂向裂隙可能为CO₂的运移通道.      

含片钠铝石砂岩的基本特征及地质意义

含片钠铝石砂岩是一种含片钠铝石自生矿物的砂岩，一般为富含长石的砂岩，与片钠铝石稳定共生的自生矿物主要为铁白云石、菱铁矿等碳酸盐矿物。砂岩中片钠铝石的含量变化较大，其存在与否不受砂岩结构的制约。含片钠铝石砂岩往往分布在断裂和岩浆岩体附近，既可以作为CO2气储层，又可以作为油气储层。含片钠铝石砂岩是一种具有特殊地质意义的砂岩，表现为：①含片钠铝石砂岩记录了深、浅部层圈之间及烃源岩—储层之间的物质转移；②在含油CO2气藏和油藏中，含片钠铝石砂岩记录了CO2与油气双重充注，其中含油CO2气藏中的含片钠铝石砂岩记录了CO2充注驱油现象；③含片钠铝石砂岩是进行CO2地下储存研究的理想的天然实验室。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷幔源CO2充注对下白垩统砂岩储层质量的影响

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统含片钠铝石砂岩部分记录了幔源CO_2-砂岩相互作用历史.为揭示幔源CO_2充注对储层质量的影响,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜观察和孔隙度、渗透率数据研究了海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学和储层特征.幔源CO_2的充注导致了长石的部分溶解和片钠铝石及铁白云石的沉淀.长石的溶解形成了次生孔隙.片钠铝石以针状晶形为特征,其集合体呈束状、簇状、扇状和玫瑰花状.部分片钠铝石呈板状.片钠铝石以充填孔隙为主,少量交代长石和其他骨架碎屑颗粒.片钠铝石局部被铁白云石交代,说明铁白云石的形成晚于片钠铝石.片钠铝石的含量为1%～20%.相同深度段的含片钠铝石砂岩(n=597,h=1309.15～2140.71m)与普通砂岩(n=1550,h=1323.72～2141.3m)的孔隙度、渗透率数据统计表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的物性整体上低于普通砂岩,说明CO_2的充注导致了储层质量的改变.片钠铝石含量-孔隙度和片钠铝石含量-渗透率之间的关系,揭示片钠铝石含量是引起储层质量改变的主要因素.片钠铝石含量10%似乎是储层质量发生变化的界限,当片钠铝石含量＞10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率降低;当片钠铝石含量＜10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,部分砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率表现出增加趋势.作者认为,片钠铝石含量高的砂岩长期处于高CO_2分压成岩环境,而片钠铝石含量低的砂岩则处于高CO_2分压成岩环境的时间相对较短.     

Dawsonite formation in the Beier Sag,Hailar Basin,NE China tuff: A natural analog for mineral carbon storage

We determined the rock types, the authigenic minerals, the paragenetic sequence, and the origin of dawsonite in pyroclastic rocks from the Yimin Formation of Beier Sag in the Hailar Basin, China. Dawsonite, a diagenetic mineral, is thought to result from a large influx of CO₂ and, therefore, this system represents a natural analogue for in-situ mineral carbon storage. The studied host rocks are mainly tuffs/tuffaceous sandstones which now contain up to 70 vol% authigenic carbonates, including dawsonite, ankerite, and siderite. The initial alteration of the tuffs yielded minor siderite. Kaolinite, illite and mixed illite/smectite then formed as product phases. Dawsonite and quartz subsequently precipitated in response to CO₂ influx apparently coupled to feldspar and perhaps kaolinte dissolution. Dawsonite reaches a maximum 25 vol% of the bulk rock. Mass balance suggests that this CO₂ influx was coupled to the external import of sodium and export of SiO₂. Ankerite and additional siderite precipitated during the late-stage alkaline diagenesis. The carbon isotope values of the dawsonite are in the range −4.1‰ to −2.2‰, indicating the magmatic origin of the CO₂. Vitrinite reflectance and thermal gradient constraints suggest that the dawsonite at this location formed at a temperature of ∼75 °C.     

Dawsonite as a daughter mineral in hydrothermal fluid inclusions

Traces of dawsonite (NaAlCO₃(OH)₂) are extremely common as a daughter product in fluid inclusions in gold-quartz veins and altered wallrock of the Oriental mine, Alleghany district, California. A very similar daughter salt occurs in hydrothermal inclusions in quartz from 19 other mining localities of worldwide distribution.Vein fluids of the Oriental mine were probably CO₂-rich sodium bicarbonate brines that contained at least 1 weight percent dissolved aluminum. These fluids precipitated quartz and oligoclase in the veins and adjacent altered rocks. The precipitation of dawsonite rather than albite or oligoclase in the cooled inclusion brines suggests either that sodic plagioclase gives way to dawsonite plus quartz as the stable pair at low temperatures or that the dawsonite is a metastable daughter mineral. The rarity of dawsonite as a separate vein mineral or alteration product at the Oriental mine and elsewhere is attributed to its high solubility under normal conditions of mineralization.Dawsonite contributes 190 ppm or more to the aluminum content of some Oriental mine quartz. Large errors would result if the dawsonite were overlooked and the aluminum geothermometer of Dennen et al. (1970) were applied to this quartz. The combination of high primary inclusion filling temperatures and very low aluminum contents of optically clear quartz indicate that major revisions are needed in the published thermometer curve.     

蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中片钠铝石胶结物的成因

塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中发育大量的片钠铝石自生矿物。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析等,查明了火山碎屑岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型和成岩共生序列。含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩的成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-一期微晶石英-一期高岭石-二期微晶石英、二期高岭石、片钠铝石-铁白云石;通过MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪确定了片钠铝石和铁白云石的稳定同位素组成为片钠铝石的δ¹³C_PDB为-8.15‰~-2.81‰,与片钠铝石平衡的CO₂的δ¹³C_CO2为-12.91‰~-7.55‰,通过与海拉尔盆地及BGS盆地系碳氧同位素数据的类比,表明片钠铝石中的碳主要为幔源岩浆来源,形成片钠铝石的钠和铝主要来源于安山岩岩屑、长石晶屑碎屑、玻屑和火山灰等;铁白云石的δ¹³C_PDB为-6.76‰~-2.65‰,与片钠铝石的碳氧同位素数据相似,结合相关地质实例及地球化学模拟实验,可以推断铁白云石中的碳也是幔源岩浆来源,铁白云石中的铁离子主要来源于安山岩岩屑、玻屑、火山灰和蒙脱石等矿物。     

β—钕褐钇铌矿(Fergusonite-beta-Nd)

至今,吐界上已经发现的褐钇铌矿族矿物中仅有钛褐钇铌矿、铈褐钇铌矿、铈-钇-褐钇铌矿……等,而未见有矿物中稀土元素以钕为最富的单斜钕褐钇铌矿的报道^[1,4,5]。     

Reactive transport simulation study of geochemical CO2 trapping on the Tokyo Bay model – With focus on the behavior of dawsonite

A long-term (up to 10 ka) geochemical change in saline aquifer CO₂ storage was studied using the TOUGHREACT simulator, on a 2-dimensional, 2-layered model representing the underground geologic and hydrogeologic conditions of the Tokyo Bay area that is one of the areas of the largest CO₂ emissions in the world. In the storage system characterized by low permeability of reservoir and cap rock, the dominant storage mechanism is found to be solubility trapping that includes the dissolution and dissociation of injected CO₂ in the aqueous phase followed by geochemical reactions to dissolve minerals in the rocks. The CO₂–water–rock interaction in the storage system (mainly in the reservoir) changes the properties of water in a mushroom-like CO₂ plume, which eventually leads to convective mixing driven by gravitational instability. The geochemically evolved aqueous phase precipitates carbonates in the plume front due to a local rise in pH with mixing of unaffected reservoir water. The carbonate precipitation occurs extensively within the plume after the end of its enlargement, fixing injected CO₂ in a long, geologic period.Dawsonite, a Na–Al carbonate, is initially formed throughout the plume from consumption of plagioclase in the reservoir rock, but is found to be a transient phase finally disappearing from most of the CO₂-affected part of the system. The mineral is unstable relative to more common types of carbonates in the geochemical evolution of the CO₂ storage system initially having formation water of relatively low salinity. The exception is the reservoir-cap rock boundary where CO₂ saturation remains very high throughout the simulation period.     

铅锌硫化矿物从铅-锌-还原型硫热液系统中晶出时的硫同位素分馏规律

本文试图在Pinckney及Rafter(1972)工作的基础上讨论闪锌矿和方铅矿同时从铅锌-还原型硫热液系统中晶出时的硫同位素分馏规律。     

硫金银矿晶体结构研究的新资料

由于前人在自然界没有找到过金的硫化物,因此硫金银矿(Liujiyinite)^[1]以及沃登堡矿(据Uytenbogaardtite译音)^[2]的相继发现,引起了矿物学家的极大兴趣。     

含铝硅酸盐1)吉布斯生成自由能的预测及Y.塔达方法向高温条件下推引的可能性

近几年来,Y.塔达等人^[3-7]建立了一种预测化合物吉布斯生成自由能的经验方法。     

白云鄂博的氟碳钡铈矿

氟碳钡铈矿(Cordylite)BaCe₂(CO₃)₃ F₂本世纪初首先发现于格陵兰纳尔萨尔苏克(Narssarssuk)的碱性正长伟晶岩脉中,与霓石、氟碳铈钙矿、柱星叶石和碳锶铈矿共生。1965年该矿物又发现于我国白云鄂博西矿区热液交代的元古代白云岩中。1975年,加拿大魁北克省圣赫莱山(Mont st. Hilaire,Quebec)的霞石正长岩中的伟晶岩脉中也发现了这一矿物,它与方沸石、霓石和钠闪石共生。