松辽盆地南部红岗背斜幔源-岩浆成因CO2大规模泄露的岩石学记录

通过片钠铝石自生矿物的时空分布、产状和含片钠铝石砂岩中流体包裹体特征的研究,揭示了松辽盆地南部红岗背斜CO2大规模渗漏的岩石学记录。在红岗背斜,片钠铝石主要分布于白垩系青山口组,其次为泉头组和姚家组。绝大部分含片钠铝石砂岩中不含CO2,部分含片钠铝石砂岩发育层段为油层。片钠铝石含量与沥青含量呈弱正相关,沥青普遍分布于油层和干层中。在含片钠铝石砂岩中发育CO2充注前和充注后2个成岩共生组合。其中:在CO2充注前形成的成岩共生组合中,赋存以液烃包裹体为主的第一期油气包裹体;在CO2充注后形成的成岩共生组合中,赋存以气液烃包裹体为主的第二期油气包裹体。研究表明,CO2大规模泄露的岩石学记录主要为广泛分布的、赋存于非CO2气藏中的片钠铝石自生矿物和沥青。前者是CO2大规模泄露的重要标志,后者是CO2渗漏过程中由于地层压力降低,引起原油轻重组分分离而形成的。红岗断层可能是CO2大规模泄露的通道,其渗漏时间应该不晚于明二段沉积之前。     

东北及邻区中生代盆地片钠铝石的分布、产状及其油气地质意义

东北及邻区中生代地层中的片钠铝石分布于海拉尔盆地、塔木察格盆地、二连盆地、开鲁盆地和阜新盆地的早白垩世地层及松辽盆地南部的早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期地层中.片钠铝石主要发育在油气储层或CO2气储层中富含长石的砂岩和火山碎屑岩中.在含片钠铝石砂岩和火山碎屑岩中,片钠铝石以放射状、束状、杂乱毛发状、球状和板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑.片钠铝石及其共生的铁白云石都是最晚形成的自生矿物组合.越来越多的证据表明,片钠铝石是富CO2流体的指示矿物,记录了CO2和油气双重充注现象.在含片钠铝石碎屑岩中可以解读出CO2充注的时间和CO2分压的变化.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷无机CO_2充注驱油的流体包裹体证据

CO2充注驱油是一种普遍的地质现象,对揭示油气藏中油气的动态成藏规律具有重要的指示意义.海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩既示踪了CO2充注,又记录了油气充注,是进行CO2充注驱油研究的理想岩石类型.通过岩石学和流体包裹体地球化学研究,确定了含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩共生序列、油气充注历史和CO2充注驱油的微观证据.研究表明,该区油气充注是一个连续的过程,开始于石英次生加大早期(120 Ma),在片钠铝石沉淀前(105～95 Ma)达到充注高峰.CO2充注晚于大规模油气充注,充注之后形成的自生矿物组合为片钠铝石与铁白云石.片钠铝石中首次发现一定数量的原生油气包裹体,为CO2充注驱油提供了重要的微观证据.     

乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩分布

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷发现含片钠铝石砂岩，片钠铝石为一种成岩自生矿物。将含片钠铝石砂岩和CO2气的井位综合对比，结合该区构造断裂带分布与γ5花岗岩分布特征以及含片钠铝石砂岩与CO2气纵深分布数据的研究，确定含片钠铝石砂岩的分布与断裂带以及γ5花岗岩的分布具有耦合关系，同时含片钠铝石砂岩与CO2气的分布也具有区域相关性。从而可以确定片钠铝石可以作为CO2气的示踪矿物。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷无机CO2气储层的岩石学与碳氧同位素特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷无机 CO_2气储集砂岩中含有大量片钠铝石,是查明无机 CO_2气注入对砂岩的改造和形成的自生矿物组合的理想砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射分析和 MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪等,确定了含片钠铝石砂岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型、成岩共生序列和引起片钠铝石形成的 CO_2的成因。CO_2气注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为方解石、次生加大石英和高岭石,在次生加大石英形成过程中发生了第一期油气注入。CO_2气注入晚于第一期油气注入,CO_2气注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石。第二期油气注入发生在 CO_2气注入后。片钠铝石的δ~(13)C 为-5.3～-1.5‰PDB,与片钠铝石平衡的δ~(13)C_(CO2),为-10.7～-7.0‰PDB,与海拉尔盆地 CO_2气的δ~(13)C_(CO2)值(-11.36～-8.02‰PDB)一致,表明形成片钠铝石的 CO_2和气藏中的 CO_2均来源于无机 CO_2与有机 CO_2混合背景,总体上以无机 CO_2为主。结合含片钠铝石砂岩与 CO_2气的分布都受控于深大断裂和γ5花岗岩的特点,CO_2气和形成片钠铝石的 CO_2绝大部分属于幔源-岩浆型。含片钠铝石砂岩中保存了 CO_2驱油的迹象。     

东北及邻区中生代盆地片钠铝石的分布、产状及其油气地质意义

东北及邻区中生代地层中的片钠铝石分布于海拉尔盆地、塔木察格盆地、二连盆地、开鲁盆地和阜新盆地的早白垩世地层及松辽盆地南部的早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期地层中。片钠铝石主要发育在油气储层或CO₂气储层中富含长石的砂岩和火山碎屑岩中。在含片钠铝石砂岩和火山碎屑岩中,片钠铝石以放射状、束状、杂乱毛发状、球状和板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑。片钠铝石及其共生的铁白云石都是最晚形成的自生矿物组合。越来越多的证据表明,片钠铝石是富CO₂流体的指示矿物,记录了CO₂和油气双重充注现象。在含片钠铝石碎屑岩中可以解读出CO₂充注的时间和CO₂分压的变化。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷无机CO2与油气充注的时间记录

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷存在无机CO2与油气双重充注。通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、流体包裹体分析、伊利石K-Ar测年及岩浆岩U-Pb定年等,确定了含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩共生序列,建立了无机CO2与油气充注的时间框架。CO2气注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英和高岭石,在次生加大石英形成早—中期油气开始充注。油气注入是一个连续的过程,于120Ma开始至90～105Ma达到充注高峰,持续充注到63Ma或者更晚。CO2注入晚于油气大规模充注,最早时间为90Ma,与研究区花岗岩、流纹岩等岩浆岩年龄相差较大。研究区辉绿玢岩锆石多数颗粒的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为46.2±2.1Ma,代表了岩浆侵位结晶形成辉绿玢岩的年龄。结合片钠铝石和铁白云石是砂岩中最晚形成的自生矿物,认为CO2注入时间相对较晚,可能为46.2±2.1Ma或者更晚。含片钠铝石砂岩中保存了CO2充注驱油的迹象。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷与松辽盆地孤店C02气田含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩.通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究.研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等.砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和牯土矿物.其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22%,在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑.电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、AI、O、C等组成.在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为牯土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO2充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石.其中,CO2注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,C02注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO₂气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究。研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等。砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和粘土矿物。其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22％在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑。电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、Al、O、C等组成。在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为粘土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO₂充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石。其中,CO₂注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,CO₂注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石。     

片钠铝石的成因及其对CO2天然气运聚的指示意义

片钠铝石作为胶结物、自生矿物或脉体，不仅分布在海相白云岩、油页岩中，而且还广泛分布在陆源碎屑岩及煤系地层中。大量的实例及人工合成片钠铝石实验表明，片钠铝石的形成需要碳酸溶液或过量的CO2气，片钠铝石的分布往往与CO2天然气藏相伴生。CO2气的来源决定了片钠铝石具有无机和有机两大成因类型，其中，无机成因包括岩浆成因和碳酸盐热解成因。然而，不论源于有机成因CO2气还是无机成因CO2气，片钠铝石均可作为富CO2流体运移或聚集的“示踪矿物”，地质过程中片钠铝石的出现或富集表明该区曾存在大量CO2运移或聚集。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷幔源CO2充注对下白垩统砂岩储层质量的影响

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统含片钠铝石砂岩部分记录了幔源CO_2-砂岩相互作用历史.为揭示幔源CO_2充注对储层质量的影响,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜观察和孔隙度、渗透率数据研究了海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学和储层特征.幔源CO_2的充注导致了长石的部分溶解和片钠铝石及铁白云石的沉淀.长石的溶解形成了次生孔隙.片钠铝石以针状晶形为特征,其集合体呈束状、簇状、扇状和玫瑰花状.部分片钠铝石呈板状.片钠铝石以充填孔隙为主,少量交代长石和其他骨架碎屑颗粒.片钠铝石局部被铁白云石交代,说明铁白云石的形成晚于片钠铝石.片钠铝石的含量为1%～20%.相同深度段的含片钠铝石砂岩(n=597,h=1309.15～2140.71m)与普通砂岩(n=1550,h=1323.72～2141.3m)的孔隙度、渗透率数据统计表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的物性整体上低于普通砂岩,说明CO_2的充注导致了储层质量的改变.片钠铝石含量-孔隙度和片钠铝石含量-渗透率之间的关系,揭示片钠铝石含量是引起储层质量改变的主要因素.片钠铝石含量10%似乎是储层质量发生变化的界限,当片钠铝石含量＞10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率降低;当片钠铝石含量＜10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,部分砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率表现出增加趋势.作者认为,片钠铝石含量高的砂岩长期处于高CO_2分压成岩环境,而片钠铝石含量低的砂岩则处于高CO_2分压成岩环境的时间相对较短.     

贝尔凹陷沉凝灰岩储层片钠铝石前体矿物研究

为拓展CO2封存的储层选取范围,研究CO2充注过的储层中矿物的赋存状态,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X--射线衍射分析及铸体图像分析等技术对贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石储层进行了系统研究。研究区发育片钠铝石的岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,储层深度范围为882.26~941.4 m,该类储层发育有2类9种储集空间类型,以次生孔隙为主,属于低孔低渗储层。岩石骨架碎屑颗粒石英、长石、岩屑均有不同程度溶蚀;自生矿物以片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿为主。片钠铝石主要以充填溶蚀孔隙或交代颗粒的形式产出。综合研究区岩相学、矿物含量和热力学分析结果,长石和片钠铝石的生成具有亲缘性,为片钠铝石的形成提供了必要的元素和生长空间。     

松辽盆地南部片钠铝石形成与碎屑长石的成因联系

含片钠铝石砂岩通常以富长石类型为主(岩屑长石砂岩,长石岩屑砂岩,长石砂岩)。为揭示片钠铝石与长石之间的主要赋存关系及长石在片钠铝石形成过程中所做的贡献,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及阴极发光等镜下观察方法对松辽盆地南部红岗地区含片钠铝石砂岩进行了岩石学系统研究。本区片钠铝石主要以充填孔隙及交代颗粒的形式产出,其中片钠铝石交代斜长石的现象明显多于交代钾长石,片钠铝石交代斜长石初期优先沿其双晶缝向内生长,有些甚至完全交代斜长石而呈现交代假象。整体上片钠铝石含量与长石含量呈负相关关系。长石的溶蚀溶解为片钠铝石的形成提供Na+、Al 3+,由于各类长石的热力学性质存在差异,钾长石发生溶蚀溶解的速率及程度会明显低于斜长石,因此斜长石对形成片钠铝石的离子贡献大于钾长石。     

Mineral dating of mantle−derived CO2 charging and its application in the southern Songliao Basin,China

The timing of mantle−derived CO₂ charging in sedimentary basins is the basis for studying CO₂-sandstone interactions and CO₂-oil interactions. In general, the time of the volcanic eruption near the CO₂ gas reservoir is considered to be the time of mantle-derived CO₂ charging. However, this approach is not suitable for hydrocarbon-bearing basins that have experienced multiple volcanic events. In this paper, using dawsonite-bearing sandstones contained in an oil-bearing CO₂ gas and oil reservoir in the southern Songliao Basin as the object of the study on the basis of paragenetic sequence and fluid inclusions, we establish a mineral dating method for determining the time of mantle-derived CO₂ charging. In this method, the mineral used for dating is dawsonite, which is formed under a high CO₂ partial pressure and records the migration and aggregation of mantle-derived CO₂ in geologic history. By interpreting the dawsonite-bearing sandstone in the southern Songliao Basin, we find two hydrocarbon charges and one CO₂ charge and that the mantle-derived CO₂ charging occurred slightly later than or quasi-simultaneously with the second hydrocarbon filling. Combining the currently known time of hydrocarbon reservoir formation and the time of tectonic fracture development, we deduce that the mantle-derived CO₂ formed the dawsonite in the southern Songliao Basin at the end of the Cretaceous (end of the Mingshui period) and the beginning of the Paleogene.     

苏北盆地黄桥地区富CO_2流体对二叠系龙潭组砂岩储层的改造与意义

富CO_2流体-砂岩相互作用是砂岩储层次生孔隙的重要形成机制。苏北黄桥地区作为中国重要的CO_2气产区,富CO_2流体对上二叠统龙潭组砂岩储层的改造问题备受关注。为揭示富CO_2流体的作用特征及其对储层的影响,对黄桥地区典型钻井开展了系统的岩心描述和岩矿鉴定,并进行了微区原位观测和相关地球化学分析。结果表明,在靠近CO_2流体活动强烈的断裂带部位(特别是断层上盘),砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物基本溶蚀殆尽,仅存少量交代成因菱铁矿,同时钾长石类碎屑溶蚀非常强烈,并伴随高岭石等矿物沉淀,以及石英次生加大,还发育片钠铝石等指示高浓度CO_2作用的特征矿物,形成与CO_2流体作用相关的特征矿物组合(片钠铝石+高岭石+次生石英+菱铁矿);而在远离断裂的部位,受CO_2流体影响较弱,溶蚀作用也较弱,有较多的次生方解石沉淀,形成了以方解石+菱铁矿为主的自生矿物组合。前者次生孔隙发育,后者则更加致密。据此提出了深源断裂主控下与富CO_2流体作用相关的储层发育模式,为油气勘探和开发提供了新的思路。     

Dawsonite fixation of mantle CO2 in the cretaceous Songliao Basin,Northeast China: a natural analogue for CO2 mineral trapping in oilfields

Abundant crude oil and CO₂ gas coexist in the fourth member of the Upper Cretaceous Quantou reservoir in the Huazijing Step of the southern Songliao Basin, China. Here, we present results of a petrographic characterization of this reservoir based on polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, and carbon–oxygen isotopic data. These data were used to identify whether CO₂ might be trapped in minerals after the termination of a CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, and to determine what effects might the presence of CO₂ have on the properties of crude oil in the reservoir. The crude oil reservoir in the study area, which coexists with mantle-derived CO₂, is hosted by dawsonite-bearing lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites. These sediments are characterized by a paragenetic sequence of clay, quartz overgrowth, first-generation calcite, dawsonite, second-generation calcite, and ankerite. The dawsonite analysed during this study exhibits δ¹³ C (Peedee Belemnite, PDB) values of ?4.97‰ to 0.67‰, which is indicative for the formation of magmatic–mantle CO₂. The paragenesis and compositions of fluid inclusions in the dawsonite-bearing sandstones record a sequence of two separate filling events, the first involving crude oil and the second involving magmatic–mantle CO₂. The presence of prolate primary hydrocarbon inclusions within the dawsonite indicates that these minerals precipitated from oil-bearing pore fluids at temperatures of 94–97°C, in turn suggesting that CO₂ could be stored as carbonate minerals after the termination of a CO₂-EOR project. In addition, the crude oil in the basin would become less dense after deposition of bitumen by deasphalting the injection of CO₂ gas into the oil pool.     

Controlling factors for dawsonite diagenesis: a case study of the Binnan Region in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Authigenic minerals and the diagenetic sequence of the dawsonite-bearing sandstones from the Binnan Region of the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China were studied to understand the formation of dawsonite, as a possible mechanism for mineral trapping of CO₂ in carbon capture and storage (CCS) programmes. Authigenic minerals include quartz overgrowth, dawsonite (5–15 vol%), calcite, ferrocalcite and ankerite. The major rock types are medium- to fine-grained arkose, feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose. Quantitative analysis suggests that the burial depth and feldspar content are the two dominant controlling factors of the growth of dawsonite. The dawsonite content increases initially before decreasing with burial depth, with the peak dawsonite content occurring at approximately 1500 m depth. This trend is probably due to increases in temperature and pCO₂ with the burial depth and contributes to the formation of dawsonite. However, the pCO₂ content and stability of dawsonite decrease with increasing distance from the centre of the gas reservoir. When the formation temperature exceeds the upper limit of the preservation temperature of dawsonite, the dawsonite is suppressed, while the dissolution of dawsonite is promoted. Overall, the dawsonite content exhibits a positive correlation with the feldspar content. The dissolution of feldspar makes both Na⁺ and Al³⁺ available and creates the accommodation space necessary for dawsonite growth. In addition, feldspar dissolution also neutralises the acidity of the thermal fluid present, which again facilitates the growth and preservation of the dawsonite.