南秦岭柞水-山阳矿集区龙头沟金矿床硫化物微量元素和硫同位素地球化学特征

龙头沟矿床是南秦岭柞水-山阳矿集区内新发现的中型金矿床。本文以矿床中的黄铁矿及黄铜矿为研究对象,在详细的室内、外研究的基础上,采用LA-ICPMS和LA-MC-ICPMS测试方法对成矿期不同阶段的硫化物进行微量元素及硫同位素成分研究。结果表明,黄铁矿Co含量为(0.33～183.93)×10~(-6),Co/Ni比值介于0.035～1.9之间,且Co/Ni比值多小于1,表明黄铁矿可能形成于中低温环境,多具有沉积成因和沉积改造成因微量元素特征,黄铁矿中Au的富集可能与中低温多期岩浆热液活动有关。第Ⅰ阶段硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化范围为0.1‰～3.74‰,均值为1.71‰,显示出幔源硫特征;而第Ⅱ阶段的δ~(34)S=-13.99‰～13.35‰,均值为2.17‰,介于0±3‰之间,显示该阶段可能是幔源与赋矿围岩发生水岩反应;第Ⅲ阶段δ~(34)S=7.44‰～14.72‰,低于围岩(δ~(34)S=18.14‰～20.54‰),显示该阶段可能有地层硫参与,是上升的成矿流体与赋矿围岩发生水岩反应,硫同位素特征指示硫可能由幔源和赋矿围岩混合而成。     

塔中地区古生界热化学硫酸盐还原作用与原油中硫的成因

用氧气燃烧弹将原油和干酪根氧化后,分析了δ34S值,并与伴生的H2S、自生黄铁矿、硬石膏和重晶石脉δ34S值进行了对比。结果显示,奥陶系原油相对贫硫,δ34S值为13.6‰~19.9‰,接近于伴生的H2S和黄铁矿的δ34S值15‰~18.5‰;石炭系-志留系原油相对富硫,δ34S值为20‰~25.8‰,伴生黄铁矿的δ34S值为9.5‰~34‰。有意义的是,奥陶系溶扩缝的硬石膏和重晶石脉δ34S值为44.2‰~46.6‰,远高于显生宙的海水,被认为是热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)的残余。研究还表明,原油中硫含量的增高可能与后期无机硫并入有关,而奥陶系低硫原油δ34S值比寒武系源岩低2.5‰~7.5‰,可能来自寒武系干酪根的裂解作用。因而,低硫原油δ34S值可用于油-源对比。     

胶西北新城金矿床硫同位素地球化学

新城金矿床是胶西北金矿集区中典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床,其热液成矿作用可划分为四个阶段:黄铁矿-石英-绢云母阶段(I)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(II)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(III)和石英-方解石阶段(IV),其中金主要赋存于II和III阶段的黄铁矿内。该矿床赋矿围岩为郭家岭岩体,岩性为石英二长岩和二长花岗岩,主要为胶东群变质基底经部分熔融形成。胶东群变粒岩硫同位素较为均一(δ34S值介于6.9‰~9.4‰,均值为8.0‰);郭家岭岩体的δ34S值介于6.0‰~16.0‰,均值为8.6‰,反映了其硫同位素组成总体上继承了变粒岩的硫同位素特征;长英质脉岩的δ34S值变化范围为0.8‰~8.5‰(均值为6.7‰),其中4件样品的δ34S值变化范围为7.4‰~8.5‰,反映了其硫主要源自于郭家岭岩体,变粒岩可能提供了部分硫源;而其中1件样品的δ34S值仅为0.8‰,符合岩浆硫来源特征,表明深部岩浆可能也提供了部分硫源。新城金矿床矿石中硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大(4.3‰~10.6‰,均值为8.3‰),表明矿石硫可能源于郭家岭岩体、变粒岩和长英质脉岩,最终主要来源于胶东群变质基底。I阶段黄铁矿颗粒较小(5~600μm),晶形主要为立方体,反映其处于温度较高(300~350℃)、成矿流体的过饱和度较低、低氧逸度和硫逸度、冷却快速、物质供应不足的成矿环境;黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为8.4‰~10.6‰,均值为9.7‰,反映了矿石硫可能源自于δ34S值较高的郭家岭岩体和变粒岩。II和III阶段黄铁矿粒径变化较大(3μm~2.5mm),晶形主要为五角十二面体,反映其处于中-低温度(200~300℃)、成矿流体过饱和度高、高氧逸度和硫逸度、缓慢冷却同时物质供应充分的成矿环境。其中,II阶段黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为7.7‰~9.7‰,均值为8.7‰,表明矿石硫源除郭家岭岩体和变粒岩外,δ34S值较低的长英质脉岩可能也提供了部分硫源。III阶段硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大(4.3‰~9.4‰,均值为7.1‰),闪锌矿-方铅矿硫同位素热力学平衡温度范围为180~282℃,氧逸度约为10-37.3~10-36.8,反映了矿石硫源自于郭家岭岩体、变粒岩和长英质脉岩,硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大可能是硫同位素分馏达到平衡的结果。IV阶段黄铁矿粒径最小(1~5μm),为晶形完好、表面光滑的立方体晶形,表明其处于较低温度(200℃),成矿流体的过饱和度较低、氧逸度和硫逸度较低、物质供应不足的成矿环境。     

滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床成矿流体及矿质来源探讨——H、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学证据

滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床是保山地块镇康Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿集区内又一重要找矿成果。矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于上寒武统保山组大理岩化灰岩中,呈NEE向顺层产出,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿和方铅矿,偶见黄铜矿和黄铁矿等;脉石矿物主要有白云石、绿泥石、方解石、石英和绢云母等。本文基于对矿床地质特征的详细研究,结合矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素组成,对其成矿流体和矿质来源进行了探讨,同时与毗邻的芦子园超大型Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿床进行了对比。研究表明:该矿床石英的δD值介于-101.1‰~-93.3‰之间,均值为-96.85‰(n=4),δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为3.37‰~3.77‰之间,均值为3.57‰(n=4),表明成矿流体早期以原生岩浆水为主,有大气降水的混入。矿床金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值均为正值,介于4.1‰~12.2‰,均值为8.23‰(n=10),与旁侧的芦子园矿床δ~(34)S值(8.9‰~12‰)较为接近。该矿床可划分出三个成矿阶段,阶段Ⅱ为以闪锌矿和方铅矿为主的主要成矿阶段(δ~(34)S主要集中在4.1‰~6.2‰之间),其δ~(34)S均值可近似代表成矿热液中的δ~(34)S∑S值,即δ~(34)S∑S≈δ~(34)S均值=6.56‰(n=7),闪锌矿和方铅矿δ~(34)S值有部分重叠,但总体上具有δ~(34)S闪锌矿δ~(34)S方铅矿以及不同颜色闪锌矿之间δ~(34)S深棕色闪锌矿δ~(34)S棕褐色闪锌矿δ~(34)S浅棕色闪锌矿的分布特征,暗示硫同位素在硫化物间的分馏达到平衡,表明S同位素组成较为稳定,显示水头山矿床具有深部壳源岩浆成因的特征。矿床金属硫化物的Pb同位素分析显示,Pb同位素组成非常集中(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.3408~18.4483,均值为18.3815,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.8337~15.9440,均值为15.8745,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.8224~39.4391,均值为38.9941,n=10),投点主要分布在上地壳演化线上方,表明其Pb主要来自于以岩浆作用为主的上地壳物质。本文认为矿区深部壳源岩浆热液是水头山矿床最重要的成矿流体与矿质来源,流体的混合作用是矿床金属元素沉淀和富集的重要机制,矿床具有低温、后生成矿特征,推测矿床的形成与燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用有关。     

江西东乡铜矿床成因:铜和硫同位素联合约束

东乡铜矿床的赋矿岩石以石炭系砂岩和燕山期花岗斑岩为主。文章对东乡铜矿床同位素地球化学进行了研究,探讨了成矿物质来源及矿床成因。东乡矿区块状矿石和花岗斑岩的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值(0.3‰~1.2‰)非常接近深部地幔硫的值,其δ~(34)S值呈现明显的塔式分布,分布范围较窄,表明矿石中的硫主要来自深源岩浆。δ~(65)Cu值分布范围较窄(-2.10‰~0.17‰),整体接近于零附近,明显不同于块状硫化物矿床(δ~(65)Cu=-0.98‰~3.14‰)、矽卡岩型矿床(δ~(65)Cu=-1.29‰~2.98‰)和热液脉型矿床中δ~(65)Cu值(-3.70‰~0.44‰)的分布范围,其δ~(65)Cu值变化范围大于岩浆矿床的δ~(65)Cu值(-0.62‰~0.40‰),更接近于斑岩型矿床的δ~(65)Cu值(-1.16‰~0.81‰),表明东乡铜矿与岩浆热液作用具有密切的成因联系。因此,推断东乡铜矿为岩浆热液型矿床。     

湘南宝山铅锌银矿床硫同位素的地球化学特征及地质意义

成矿热液的总硫同位素组成(ΣS)可以更加准确地反映成矿流体中硫的来源。本文通过对湖南宝山矿床硫同位素以及总硫同位素的研究发现,金属硫化物样品的δ~(34)S值绝大多数为正值,变化区间为6.40‰~6.91‰,一般为-6.40‰~5.29‰,均值为2.22‰,其中黄铁矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-1‰~4.61‰,均值为2.92‰;方铅矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-0.80‰~1.70‰,均值为0.53‰;闪锌矿δ~(34)S变化范围为1.80‰~4.31‰,均值为2.69‰。具有集中的δ~(34)S值分布以及单一的峰值,表明硫的来源比较单一,具有岩浆硫特点,同位素组成具有δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿)δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)δ~(34)S方铅矿的特征,证明成矿物质沉淀时基本达到了硫同位素分馏平衡。通过总硫同位素的分析,得出高温与低温两组数据,通过Pinckney图解计算获得中低温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.28‰,高温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.68‰。表明成矿流体的硫同位素组成变化很小,仅有0.4‰,且其总硫同位素组成为1.78‰,均显示矿床成矿流体具有地幔硫的特点,表明矿床中的硫可能来自地幔。     

新疆希勒库都克铜钼矿床硫同位素特征及成矿物质来源探讨

位于东准噶尔北缘的希勒库都克铜钼矿床是一个以钼为主的斑岩型矿床,形成于早石炭世。希勒库都克铜钼矿床硫化物δ34S值介于+0.4‰~+7.6‰之间,平均为+4.1‰,其中黄铁矿δ34S值为+0.4‰~+7.6‰(平均+4.2‰)、辉钼矿δ34S值为+3.2‰~+4.7‰(平均+4.2‰)、黄铜矿δ34S值为+1.6‰~+2.5‰(平均+2.1‰),均显示出岩浆硫的组成特征。硫化物稀土元素特征与含矿斑岩类似,暗示成矿物质可能来源于含矿斑岩;流体包裹体地球化学及H-O同位素特征也表明成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液。而含矿斑岩高的正εNd(t)值、低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值表明含矿岩浆可能主要来自于地幔源区。综合研究区硫化物硫同位素、稀土元素及流体包裹体地球化学特征等分析,本文认为希勒库都克铜钼矿床成矿物质主要来自地幔源区,且含矿岩浆可能经历了地壳深部壳幔物质混合均一化的过程。     

南秦岭铧厂沟金矿床硫、铅同位素组成特征与金属物质来源探讨

铧厂沟金矿床赋存于新元古界碧口群细碧岩和泥盆系踏坡群灰岩中。矿体受高角度逆冲断层和韧-脆性剪切带控制,呈似层状、透镜状产出,是南秦岭典型的造山型金矿床。根据赋矿围岩不同,该矿床划分为细碧岩矿带和灰岩矿带。细碧岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值范围为-1.3‰～4.7‰,呈塔式分布,具岩浆硫特征;灰岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值为-14.8‰～1.9‰,离散度强,具有生物成因硫和地层硫的特征。矿石黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值均落入碧口群细碧岩(2.1‰～4.7‰)和踏坡群(-22.5‰～6.6‰)的δ~(34)S值范围,指示硫源主要为碧口群和踏坡群。Pb同位素组成中,细碧岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb范围分别为18.017～17.856、15.530～15.585和38.150～38.413,灰岩矿带矿石中黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb范围分别为18.202～18.491、15.624～15.659和38.690～39.401。细碧岩矿带矿石黄铁矿与围岩细碧岩全岩的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值相近,灰岩矿带矿石黄铁矿Pb同位素投影点全部落入踏坡群灰岩地层范围内。以上S和Pb同位素结果表明,铧厂沟金矿床金属物质来源于新元古代碧口群细碧岩及泥盆系踏坡群。     

黔东松桃地区南华系大塘坡组锰矿中黄铁矿硫同位素特征及其地质意义

黔东松桃地区是我国重要的锰矿富集区,其中大塘坡组中黄铁矿δ34S存在比较大的差异.通过CF-IRSM法对松桃李家湾、道坨、西溪堡矿区菱锰矿样品中黄铁矿硫同位素组成开展研究,结果显示出两个明显的特征:(1) 样品中黄铁矿普遍具有极高的δ34S值,为47.69‰~66.76‰;(2) 在同一成锰盆地中,水深相对较浅的李家湾矿区黄铁矿δ34S值(47.69‰~59.15‰)明显低于水深相对较深的道坨矿区的δ34S值(53.85‰~62.86‰),且中心相δ34S的值(53.85‰~66.76‰)明显高于过渡相δ34S的值(47.69‰~59.15‰),黄铁矿硫同位素组成表现出明显的深度梯度效应.大塘坡组含锰层位黄铁矿异常高的δ34S值及其明显的深度梯度特征表明,在新元古代Sturtian冰期刚刚结束的间冰期初期,海水硫酸盐浓度极低,海洋呈现显著的分层现象,这一时期深部海洋可能并没有完全氧化.      

青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床成因:原位S和Pb同位素证据

青海沱沱河地区多才玛铅锌矿床是西南三江特提斯北段新生代铅锌矿集区的典型矿床之一,本文首次应用飞秒激光剥蚀多接受器等离子体质谱法对多才玛铅锌矿床中金属硫化物的原位S和Pb同位素进行了测定。结果显示:黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的原位S同位素的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-26.34‰～4.24‰之间,均值-12.15‰(n=20),其中闪锌矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-10.30‰～-3.52‰,均值-7.39‰(n=9);方铅矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值为-26.34‰～-11.74‰,均值-20.36‰(n=9);黄铁矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值分别为2.50‰,4.24‰。矿床δ~(34)S数据范围较宽,总体表现为富集负值硫的特征,说明有机质可能参与成矿。岩浆热液期发育的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值具有深源特征,沉积热液期发育的方铅矿和闪锌矿的δ~(34)S值表明成矿过程存在还原作用,指示盆地地层还原流体的混入,综上可认为多才玛铅锌矿床硫具有混合来源的特征。方铅矿原位Pb同位素结果为~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.866～18.929,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.674～15.689,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=39.052～39.174。方铅矿与地层的Pb同位素组成一致,位于上地壳平均Pb演化线之上,具上地壳和地幔混合俯冲带铅的特征,表明其成矿物质的来源多样。结合矿床学、矿物学及同位素数据,本文认为多才玛铅锌矿床S元素主要来源于赋矿围岩,Pb金属元素主要来源于藏北钾质火山岩,侵入地层岩浆与盆地流体的混合是金属硫化物沉淀的重要机制。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with