福建省新生代玄武岩成因:Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素地球化学约束

作为研究洋壳俯冲和壳幔相互作用理想对象的新生代玄武岩在福建省从沿海至内陆均有分布，根据地理位置这些新生代玄武岩可分成闽西、闽中与闽东沿海三个区域。本文对这些玄武岩进行了系统的全岩主、微量元素以及Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素研究。结果表明，这些新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩、碧玄岩和粗面玄武岩，结合前人研究资料，可见这些玄武岩自闽东向闽西具有年龄逐渐变小、碱性逐渐增加的趋势。Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素揭示这些玄武岩具有亏损地幔(DMM)与EMⅡ型富集地幔组分混合的特征。闽东沿海玄武岩相较于闽西、闽中玄武岩具有更高的Sr、Pb含量，更低的¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd值和¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值，更趋近于EMⅡ特征。从西至东富集组分EMⅡ的逐渐增多暗示陆源沉积物与俯冲效应有关，这些陆源沉积物极可能是由俯冲洋壳带入软流圈地幔的。整个新生代玄武岩的Zr、Hf、Ti负异常与Pb同位素组成特征指示俯冲沉积物中可能含有碳酸盐组分。闽中柳城地区玄武岩的喷发年龄与闽东沿海地区玄武岩的喷发年龄较为接近；闽中柳城地区玄武岩Sr、...     

沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)白垩纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及其地幔柱-洋中脊相互作用过程

沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)是白垩纪早期形成的西北太平洋大火成岩省,其成因和演化过程目前仍存在较大争议。本次研究对沙茨基海隆白垩纪玄武岩进行了全岩主量、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的分析。沙茨基海隆玄武岩主要属于拉斑玄武岩,具有较亏损的大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素以及较富集的重稀土元素的特征,没有明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.99～1.29),与正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)的微量元素配分模式较为相似。然而该系列玄武岩却具有相对较富集的初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(0.702986～0.703991)和¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(0.513034～0.513194)同位素比值、较富集的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15.439～15.508)和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(37.853～38.488)同位素比值,与富集的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧火山岩的同位素成分较为相似,且源区混入高U/Pb比值(HIMU型)的富集地幔成...     

峨眉山溢流玄武岩省高钛玄武岩的两种不同地幔源特征

为探讨和揭示峨眉山高钛玄武岩的幔源特征,以二滩高钛玄武岩为研究对象进行了主要元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的系统研究。研究表明:二滩高钛玄武岩可分为A和B两组玄武岩;两组岩石间的微量元素(Rb﹑K﹑Ba﹑Th﹑Nb和Ta)富集程度和微量元素比值(Ba/Nb﹑Ba/Th﹑Zr/Nb﹑Th/La、Zr/Hf)以及同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr、²⁰⁸Pb^*/206Pb^*)均存在较为明显的差异。造成这种差异的原因不是岩浆过程(结晶分异、地壳混染、部分熔融)的不同,而是A组和B组具有不同的地幔源。A组具有EM II特征,可能为富含辉石岩的交代地幔部分熔融所形成;B组则具有EM I和C组分的混合特征,可能为交代谱系较宽的地幔物质熔融所形成。     

内蒙古东乌旗阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床硫和铅同位素研究

阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床是近年来在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗境内发现的一处大型铅-锌-银矿床,其产出环境和形成机理为国内外矿床学家所关注。对该矿床代表性岩（矿）石样品进行了硫和铅同位素分析,并对其变化规律和成因意义进行了讨论。研究结果表明,围岩和矿石中硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为1.2‰～8.6‰,具有混源硫特征。根据共生硫化物对所确定的温度表明,该矿床的形成可划分为高温和中-低温两个阶段。17件矿石硫化物样品²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值变化范围分别为18.153~18.431,15.370~15.602和37.653~38.213,其平均值分别为18.271、15.464和37.873;3件围岩硫化物样品²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值变化范围分别为18.281~18.293,15.470~15.484和37.874~37.909,平均值分别为18.288、15.477和37.893。硫和铅同位素研究结果表明,阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床成矿物质分别来自泥盆系火山-沉积岩和印支期花岗岩。     

塔里木西南缘棋盘河乡玄武岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究

通过对塔西南棋盘河乡尤勒巴斯地区玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS 锆石 U-Pb同位素研究。获得锆石²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U同位素年龄为298.3±2.8 Ma(MSWD=2.6), 代表玄武岩的结晶年龄。本次研究的玄武岩具有高的Ti、Nb: Ti/Y为513.86~577.35、Nb含量为28×10^-6~35.7×10^-6、La/Nb为5.06~6.25以及低的Zr/Nb比值(10~10.86), 表明该玄武岩的形成与富集岩石圈地幔有关。而相对低的Nb/U(近30)和Ce/Pb(近15)比值, 指示研究区玄武岩来自大陆岩石圈或受一定程度的地壳混染。尤勒巴斯地区玄武岩具有高TiO₂和P₂O₅, 富集轻稀土和Rb、Ba, 指示具有地幔柱的地球化学成分特征。基于塔里木地区大规模的火山岩喷发以及富集不相容元素的地球化学特征和岩相古地理特征支持, 塔西南玄武岩可能是由地幔柱火山作用, 或由于地幔柱的供热和上升导致富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融而形成。     

鄂东南地区程潮大型矽卡岩型铁矿区岩体成因探讨

湖北程潮铁矿是鄂东南矿集区内最大的矽卡岩型铁矿床。为了系统研究矿区内不同侵入体的成因,对程潮矿区内不同时代的侵入体进行了矿物学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。矿区内花岗岩、石英二长斑岩、闪长岩中的黑云母成分特征暗示它们均为壳幔物质混合成因的镁质黑云母;与成矿相关的花岗岩、石英二长斑岩中原生黑云母矿物学成分显示出原始岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征,高氧逸度为磁铁矿的形成提供了有利条件。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,不同类型的岩石都具有富钾和准铝质的特征,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。矿区岩石的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值为0.705 0~0.709 1,ε_Nd(t)值为-14.16~-6.95,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为17.636~18.919,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.451~15.613,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为37.833~39.556。矿物学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征暗示矿区岩体为富集地幔发生部分熔融并同化混染了不同比例下地壳物质的产物,早期闪长岩（（140±1） Ma）比晚期花岗岩和石英二长斑岩（（128±1） Ma）的源区有更多的地幔成分,花岗岩和石英二长斑岩与闪长岩具有相近的锆石饱和温度（平均值分别为783、788、765℃）。     

黔南基性岩墙岩石地球化学、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

基性岩墙,与层状、环状基性杂岩体和高Ti、低Ti玄武岩共同组成了峨眉山大火成岩省岩石组合.为进一步确定大火成岩省及相关生物灭绝事件的时间联系,及更深化研究大火成岩省的成因,对分布于贵州省南部的基性岩墙进行了主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素测定和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究.黔南基性岩墙∑REE=135.66×10-6~280.59×10-6,LREE/HREE为6.42~7.54,（La/Yb）_N为7.94~9.85,轻重稀土分异明显,δEu为1.0~1.3,具有Ba、Sr、K等LILE富集,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等HFSE亏损特征,显示与峨眉山高钛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征.Th/Ta（1.80~1.94）、Nb/U（30.8~39.88）、Th/La（0.08~0.10）、Nb/Th（7.89~8.40）比值与原始地幔相似,较低的初始（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值（0.705 278~0.706 052）、ε_Nd（t）（-0.5~+1.6）、以及Th/Ta比值（< 2.13）显示岩浆无明显的地壳混染,岩浆可能形成于受地幔柱作用的富集石榴石地幔源区10%~12%的部分熔融.SHRIMP锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为261.2±2.6 Ma,反映峨眉山大火成岩的喷发时间可能集中在260 Ma左右,并可能与瓜德鲁普末期的生物灭绝有关.      

青海宽沟地区奥陶纪火山岩地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景

宽沟地区奥陶纪祁漫塔格群火山岩的SiO2含量在46.74%~53.35%之间,Na₂O+K₂O为3.71%~7.63%,K₂O/Na₂O为0.07~4.16,属于过铝质的低钾钙碱性-碱性系列火山岩。稀土元素特征：∑REE为96.19×10^-6~119.37×10^-6,LREE/HREE为2.97~6.07,δEu为0.70~0.86,（La/Yb）_N为2.23~7.2,球粒陨石标准化曲线为右倾的弱铕正异常的轻稀土富集型平滑曲线.微量元素研究结果：La/Nb比值在1.57~3.08之间,Zr/Hf比值为35.28~48.23,相对富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba、Th、LREE）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、P、Ti）,表现出类似于岛弧环境的地球化学特征.综合分析认为,该区火山岩具有洋岛玄武岩的特征,岩浆源于较富集地幔的部分熔融,形成于与大洋俯冲有关的洋内岛弧环境中.     

中国东北软流圈地幔中的原始橄榄岩质地幔:来自大兴安岭地区新生代玄武岩的地球化学证据

为了进一步了解中国东北新生代玄武岩地幔源区的物质属性,报道了大兴安岭哈拉哈河-柴河地区新生代玄武岩的全岩主量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素组成.哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩属钠质碱性系列,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的微量元素特征,如富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs）、明显的Nb、Ta正异常等.它们具有中等亏损的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成（87Sr/86Sr=0.703 5~0.703 9、ε_Nd=5.21~6.55、ε_Hf=10.00~11.25）,接近中国东部新生代玄武岩的亏损端元.这些玄武岩具有中等的放射成因Pb同位素组成（206Pb/204Pb=18.37~18.57、207Pb/204Pb=15.52~15.54和208Pb/204Pb=38.24~38.43）,在206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb相关图上位于4.42~4.45 Ga的地球等时线之间.它们在Sr-Nd-Pb同位素相关图中均落入地幔柱来源的、高3He/4He比（>30R_a）的洋岛玄武岩范围内,暗示其源区可能存在来自深部地幔的古老原始地幔物质.此外,这些玄武岩具有高MgO（8.49%~11.58%）、高Ni（174×10-6~362×10-6）和高Mg#（59.1~66.9）的特征,表明它们接近于原始岩浆的成分.反演的哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的原始岩浆组成具有中等的SiO₂、低Al₂O₃以及高CaO/Al₂O₃比的特征,与石榴子石橄榄岩高压（>2.5 GPa）实验熔体的成分相当,暗示玄武岩的源区岩性最可能为橄榄岩.对以原始地幔（而不是亏损地幔）的微量元素为初始成分的饱满石榴子石二辉橄榄岩进行低程度（1%~2%）部分熔融的模拟计算,产生的熔体与哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩具有一致的微量元素特征,这进一步支持了上述推断.综上所述,认为大兴安岭地区哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的源区含有来自深部地幔的古老的橄榄岩质原始地幔组分.      

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地幔源区特征

作为华北克拉通破坏的响应,华北地区广泛发育新生代玄武岩。尽管前人对这些玄武岩做了大量的研究,但是对其地幔源区性质及成因机制仍存在激烈争论。本文首次报道山东山旺新生代玄武岩中橄榄石斑晶捕获的熔体包裹体的研究结果。相对于全岩成分,熔体包裹体的成分更加复杂,碱性玄武岩中熔体包裹体不仅有碱性玄武质,碱性粗面玄武质成分,同时还有拉斑玄武质成分。这指示新生代玄武岩的形成主要是受控于贫硅与富硅熔体的混合。碱性玄武岩中的熔体包裹体中存在拉斑玄武质熔体意味着在山东地区新生代玄武岩中首次发现拉斑玄武质组分,暗示新生代玄武岩地幔源区比之前认识的更加复杂和不均一,碱性玄武岩地幔源区同样存在富硅组分。综合华北、东北新生代玄武岩数据,可以把这些玄武岩划分为三类:低硅,高硅以及中间类型。低硅玄武岩具有高的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,FeO,Na_2O+K_2O和Sm/Yb,低的SiO2_和Ba/Th比值;高硅玄武岩具有低的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,FeO,Na_2O+K_2O和Sm/Yb,高SiO_2和Ba/Th比值,(Th/La)_N1和(Th/Ba)_N1。结合实验岩石学数据推断低硅玄武岩形成于贫硅辉石岩和富含角闪石的岩石的部分熔融,这些辉石岩和富含角闪石的岩石形成于近期的岩石圈地幔交代事件;高硅玄武岩的地幔源区含有富硅的古老大洋下地壳组分,结合实验岩石学数据推断高硅玄武岩形成于富硅辉石岩和橄榄岩的部分熔融。     

Pre-Cenozoic intra-plate magmatism along the Central Andes (17–34°S): Composition of the mantle at an active margin

Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios of alkaline mafic intra-plate magmatism constrain the isotopic compositions of the lithospheric mantle along what is now the eastern foreland or back arc of the Cenozoic Central Andes (17–34°S). Most small-volume basanite volcanic rocks and alkaline intrusive rocks of Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) age were derived from a depleted lithospheric mantle source with rather uniform initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ( 0.5127–0.5128) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ( 0.7032–0.7040). The initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are variable (18.5–19.7) at uniform ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (15.60 ± 0.05). A variety of the Cretaceous depleted mantle source of the magmatic rocks shows elevated Sr isotope ratios up to 0.707 at constant high Nd isotope ratios. The variable Sr and Pb isotope ratios are probably due to radiogenic growth in a metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which represents the former sub-arc mantle beneath the early Palaeozoic active continental margin. Sr–Nd–Pb isotope signatures of a second mantle type reflected in the composition of Cretaceous (one late Palaeozoic age) intra-plate magmatic rocks (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd  0.5123, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr  0.704, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb  17.5–18.5, and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb  15.45–15.50) are similar to the isotopic composition of old sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the Brazilian Shield.

Published Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc-related magmatic rocks (18–40°S) represent the composition of the convective sub-arc mantle in the Central Andes and are similar to those of the Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) intra-plate magmatic rocks. The dominant convective and lithospheric mantle type beneath this old continental margin is depleted mantle, which is compositionally different from average MORB-type depleted mantle. The old sub-continental lithospheric mantle did not contribute to Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc magmatism.     

Sr, Nd and Pb Isotopic Systematics of the Cenozoic Basalts of the Korean Peninsula and Their Implications for the Permo-Triassic Continental Collision Boundary

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of the Cenozoic basalts were analyzed from Baengnyeongdo Island, Jeongok, Ganseong, and Jejudo Island of Korea. They reveal relatively enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.703300.70555, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512980.51256) compared with MORB.²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of all the analyzed Korean basalts lie above the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line (NHRL) defined by Hart (1984). Pb isotopic compositions of basalts from Jejudo Islands (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.6119.12, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.5415.69, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.9839.72) are significantly more radiogenic than the rest (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.7218.03, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.4415.58, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.7738.64). The Cenozoic Korean basalts thus can be divided into two groups based on their Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. The north group reveals mixing between DMM and EM1 while the south group displays DMM-EM2 mixing. Such a distribution is the same as Chinese Cenozoic basalts and it can be interpreted that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle under Korea represents simple lateral continuation of the South and North China Blocks. We suggest that Korean continental collision zone cross the Korean Peninsula through the region between the north and south basalt groups of Korea.     

地壳再循环与大陆碱性玄武岩的成因：以山东新生代碱性玄武岩为例

      大陆碱性玄武岩在地球化学特征上与洋岛玄武岩高度相似,被看做是板内玄武岩在大陆上的典型代表。本文以山东 新生代碱性玄武岩为例,探讨大陆碱性玄武岩的成因。山东新生代碱性玄武岩按时空分布特征可以分为两类：早期定向分 布、相互平行的三个火山群（包括鲁西的潍坊火山群、沂水火山群和胶东的蓬莱火山群）和晚期杂乱分布的孤立小火山。 早期火山群碱性较弱,以碱性橄榄玄武岩和碧玄岩为主,微量元素特征和同位素组成变化大;晚期孤立小火山碱性强,以 碧玄岩和霞石岩为主,微量元素特征和同位素组成较均一。因此,从岩性组成和时空分布特征看,山东的火山群相当于洋 岛/海山的造盾期玄武岩,而孤立小火山接近于洋岛/海山上的复苏期玄武岩。潍坊火山群和沂水火山群在Sr-Nd,Nd-Hf同位 素相关图上都存在从亏损到富集的两端元混合排列趋势,但两者的排列趋势有一点区别。其中同位素富集的端元相对于原 始地幔具有偏低的Ce/Pb比和偏高的Ba/Th比,指示其为大陆下地壳物质。同时,这种富集端元的Th/La比值明显低于大陆下 地壳的平均值,其放射成因Hf相对于放射成因Nd过剩（即Nd-Hf同位素解耦）,说明这种富集端元不是岩浆上升过程中混染 的下地壳物质,而是经历过早期熔融的再循环大陆下地壳（榴辉岩或者石榴辉石岩）。鲁西两个平行火山群在同位素排列上 的区别类似于夏威夷玄武岩中的KEA链和LOA链,因此,山东的平行火山群的深部动力学背景可能是地幔柱,再循环大陆 下地壳物质可能是这种地幔柱的重要组成物质。晚期的孤立小火山在地球化学特征上与火成碳酸岩非常相似,如在原始地 幔标准化图上都具有K,Pb,Zr,Hf,Ti的负异常等特征,因此我们认为其地幔源区为碳酸盐化的橄榄岩。孤立小火山中等亏损 的Sr,Nd,Hf同位素特征支持碳酸岩熔体来自年轻的（中生代？）再循环洋壳。     

江西南部东坑盆地流纹岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

东坑盆地位于南岭构造带东段,其中的流纹岩为该带燕山期最早的“流纹岩—玄武岩”双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元.主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb-O-Hf同位素研究表明,流纹岩富硅、钾,贫镁、钙、钛,属亚碱性弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素富集,轻重稀土分异和铕负异常明显,表现典型的M型稀土元素4分组效应,富集高场强元素Ta、Hf、Zr、Nb、Ce、Y和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ba、Ga,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr,具有A型流纹岩和高Sr-Ba流纹岩的微量元素特征;(87Sr/86Sr)i较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i和(208Pb/204Pb)i较低,εNd(t)、εHf(t)和δ18OV-SMOW较高,TDM2(Nd)和TDM2(Hf)较小.这些特征表明,东坑盆地流纹岩是拉张构造环境下源于新元古代亏损地幔和少量古老下地壳物质混合而成年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,为早侏罗世早期南岭构造带东段处于拉张构造环境、地壳属正常厚度提供了岩石学证据.     

Isotope and trace element geochemistry of Colorado Plateau volcanics

Basalts from the San Francisco Peaks and North Rim of Grand Canyon, nephelinites from the Hopi Buttes and Navajo minettes (Colorado Plateau) have been analyzed for trace element contents and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope compositions. The ages increase eastward from the Quaternary (basalt) to 5 Ma (nephelinite) and 30 Ma (minette) as does the depth of melt generation inferred from xenolith mineralogy and major element geochemistry.

The three rock types present an enrichment of incompatible elements (although minettes present negative concentration spikes for Nb, Zr, Ti, Ba, Sr) relative to other magma types. The chondrite-normalized Ce/Yb ratio changes from 8–22 (basalt) to 25–30 (nephelinite) and 33–60 (minette) and reflects small degrees of partial melting of a mantle source with a garnet/clinopyroxene ratio increasing with depth. The negative Eu anomaly present in minette, the low Sr/Nd and high Pb/Ce suggest the presence of a recycled continental crust component in their mantle source.

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio varies from 0.7032-0.7045 (basalt and nephelinite) to 0.7052-0.7071 (minette), while ε_Nd is remarkably more constant at +0.8 to +3.7 (nephelinite) and −2.6 to +2.2 (basalt and minette). Good linear correlations are observed in both ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagrams with basalt being the least and nephelinite the most radiogenic and indicate a 2.3 ±0.1 Ga age and a Th/U of 3.4.

Three lithospheric source components are indicated: a) an OIB-type depleted mantle source, b) an end-member with unradiogenic Sr, Nd and Pb for basalt and nephelinite and c) a recycled crustal component for minette.     

太行山木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床位于太行山北段涞源杂岩体的腰部,是太行山构造-岩浆-成矿带的一个重要矿床。在野外调研的基础上,对木吉村斑岩铜(钼)矿床含矿岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果表明：木吉村矿床的含矿岩体闪长玢岩为高钾钙碱性I型侵入岩,具有较高的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Sr含量和Sr/Y比值以及(La/Yb)_N,较低的Yb、Y的特征;稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾趋势,轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分异明显,具微弱的正Eu异常;微量元素蛛网图中富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、U、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,总体显示出与埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征。闪长玢岩的I_Sr为0.705 386~0.706 838,ε_Nd(t)为-16.7~-14.9,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb的平均值分别为36.614、15.226、16.545,与木吉村矿床矿石中的硫化物铅同位素数值基本一致,Sr-Nd-Pb同位素共同表明其岩浆形成可能与有深源基性物质参与的古老下地壳部分熔融有关。结合研究区地质背景,认为木吉村含矿岩体可能主要来自古老下地壳的部分熔融,并受到幔源物质的混染作用。     

Continuous supply of recycled Pacific oceanic materials in the source of Cenozoic basalts in SE China: the Zhejiang case

Various enriched recycled oceanic components in the source of Cenozoic intra-plate alkaline basalts from eastern China were identified by previous studies. Due to the existence of a stagnant subducted Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone beneath eastern China, it is logical to connect the stagnant slab to the recycled oceanic materials. However, the recycled oceanic materials could also result from ancient subduction events (e.g., Paleo-Tethyan, Paleo-Asian or Izanagi plate subduction) because enriched geochemical signatures of a recycled slab can be preserved in the mantle for longer than 1 Gyr. Investigating the temporal variations of the recycled oceanic materials in the mantle source is a useful way to trace the origin of the basalts. In this article, we have conducted a detailed geochemical study, including major and trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes, on two alkaline basalt groups from Zhejiang, SE China, which erupted 26–17 Ma and after 11 Ma, respectively. In particular, we recovered the H₂O content of the initial magmas based on the H₂O content of the clinopyroxene (cpx) phenocrysts and the partition coefficients of H₂O between cpx and basaltic melts. The H₂O contents of the Zhejiang basalts range from 1.3 to 2.6 (wt.%), which fall within the range of back-arc basin or island arc basalts. The older basalts are more alkaline and have lower Si and Al contents; higher trace element concentrations; higher La/Yb, Ce/Pb and Nb/La ratios; lower H₂O/Ce and Ba/Th ratios; and stronger negative K, Pb, Hf and Ti anomalies than the younger ones. The co-relationships between Ba/La, H₂O/Ce, Nb/La, Ce/Pb and Ba/Th in the two groups of the Zhejiang basalts indicate that a recycled dehydrated oceanic alkaline basalt component is needed in the source of the older rocks, along with a depleted mantle component. Meanwhile, an additional recycled dehydrated sediment component was required in the source of the younger rocks. The temporal change in the recycled oceanic materials in the mantle sources of Zhejiang Cenozoic basalts demonstrates that the recycled components can only originate in the stagnant Pacific slab that is the only plate subducted since 100 Ma in this area.     

Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis

Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ¹⁸O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 7‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 6.5‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ¹⁸O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust.     

Mantle sources and crustal input as recorded in high-Mg Deccan Traps basalts of Gujarat (India)

Near-primitive picritic basalts in the northwestern Deccan Traps have MgO > 10 wt.% and consist of two groups (low-Ti and high-Ti) with markedly different incompatible element and Nd–Sr–Pb isotope characteristics. Many elemental characteristics of the low-Ti picritic basalts are similar to those of transitional or normal ocean ridge basalts. However, values of ratios like Ba/Nb (13–30) and Ce/Pb (4–11), and isotopic ratios (e.g., ε_Nd(t) + 0.3 to − 6.3, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t 15.63–15.75 at (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t 18.19–18.84, δ¹⁸O_olivine as high as + 6.2‰) are far-removed from ocean-ridge-type values, indicating a significant contribution from continental crust. The crustal signature could represent crustal contamination of ascending magmas; alternatively, it could represent a minor component within the Indian lithospheric mantle of anciently subducted sedimentary material or fluids derived from subducted material. In contrast, the high-Ti picritic basalts are chemically and isotopically rather similar to recent shield lavas of the Réunion hotspot (e.g., ε_Nd(t) + 2 to + 4) and to volcanic rocks along the postulated pre-Deccan track of this hotspot in Pakistan. Neither type of picritic basalt is parental to the voluminous flows comprising the bulk of the Deccan Traps. However, many of the Deccan primary magmas could have been derived from mixtures of a high-Ti-type, Réunion-like source component and a component more similar to, or even more incompatible-element-depleted than, average ocean-ridge mantle.