CHIMEHERB人工皮治疗烧伤临床总结

用青岛海洋大学生物材料研究所研制、海威生物材料有限公司生产的CHIMEHERB人工皮治疗烧伤50例.其中用于切、削痂创面10例,Ⅲ°创面20例,肉芽创面12例,供皮区创面3例.削痂创面一次覆盖面积最大23％,切痂创面13％.人工皮下可移植点状小皮片,亦可移植微粒皮,是一种较好的覆盖创面的生物材料.治疗浅Ⅱ°烧伤可使创面愈合时间提前2～4d(天);用于深Ⅱ°创面愈合时间为19～21d.人工皮治疗Ⅱ°创面,最大贴敷面积为60％.它对烧伤肉芽创面有促进周围上皮生长加速创面愈合的作用.     

人工皮在烧伤创面的应用

16例烧伤病人应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖26个创面,其中浅Ⅱ°及部分深Ⅱ°创面11个,深Ⅲ°削痂创面10个,切削痂覆盖自体网状皮创面5个,与辐照猪皮对照观察,临床获得较好效果.认为在有效的清创及正确的创面处理下覆盖人工皮能减少创面渗出,有利创面愈合.作为一种新型的生物性敷料,无同种异体皮或异种皮移植时的排异现象,但其本身不具抗菌能力.     

CHIMEHERB人工皮临床应用研究总结

CHIMEHERB人工皮是由海洋生物材料制成的烧伤创面覆盖材料,主要成分是甲壳胺(chi-tosan).经山东省13所医院在不同类型的烧伤创面,历时3年的临床应用496例表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮对烧伤创面有良好地促进愈合作用,适用于新鲜Ⅲ°创面、供皮区创面、深Ⅱ°削痂创面、脱痂创面以及部分切痂植皮创面.不适于感染严重的烧伤创面.该人工皮不致敏,无刺激,无吸收中毒之虞,虽然弹性与粘附性还不理想,但不失为我国目前较完好的一种创面覆盖物.     

烧伤病人中应用CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床研究

1989年4月～1990年10月期间,由全国组成的临床研究组10个烧伤单位对CHIMEHERB人工皮进行全面临床研究.研究目的是:(1)探索应用方法.(2)明确适应症.(3)评价疗效.在260例烧伤病人中,共应用365个不同类型创面,有效率为90.5％,其中优良率为79.7％.研究指出,CHIMEHERB人工皮的性能适合于作为暂时性创面覆盖物,对上皮生长具有有利影响,未发现占位和排斥现象,以及过敏和其他不良反应.主要适用于(1)供皮区,(2)Ⅱ°烧伤创面.(3)深Ⅲ°烧伤脱痂和削痂创面.(4)网状植皮和小皮片(或条状)植皮创面。(5)残余肉芽创面.亦可用于切痂创面.但不适于深Ⅱ°新鲜创面和切痂嵌皮.感染创面应用CHIMEHERB人工皮应结合抗感染措施.应用人工皮创面需良好包扎与固定.人工皮下渗出物多需引流.     

甲壳胺人工皮临床应用初步观察

使用甲壳胺人工皮复盖Ⅱ°烧伤新鲜创面,深Ⅱ°及Ⅲ°削切痂创面,供皮区创面共20例、25个创面,发现有减少创面渗出,减少疼痛,减少换药次数,节省敷料,防止加深,比传统方法提前2～3d(天)治愈的优点.     

应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖网状植皮创面

应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖烧伤切(削)痂后自体网状植皮创面30例、44个创面,每例平均应用体表面积为5.22％,网状皮扩展比例为1:3.结果有明显积液者5个创面(11.36);感染3个创面(6.82％);需要补植皮创面4个(9.1％).人工皮具有良好的透气性和透湿性,可给创面造成无菌的内环境,未观察到过敏反应和排异现象,贮藏不需特殊设备,使用方便,具有人工皮所要求的基本特性,作为自体网状植皮表层覆盖物,可取得良好效果,值得临床推广应用.     

CHIMEHERB人工皮使用的体会

从1989年4月～1990年10月,我科在69例病人中使用CHIMEHERB人工皮,覆盖治疗了供皮区,Ⅱ°烧伤创面、脱痂创面的残余肉芽创面.临床应用表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮能加快创面的愈合,是目前较好的一种创面覆盖物,用人工皮覆盖创面2～3天后,人工皮干燥,不需再换药,可减轻病人的痛苦.     

CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床应用

CHIMEHERB人工皮肤覆盖236例不同类型的烧伤创面临床观察表明:应用于新鲜Ⅱ°创面,供皮区创面,尤其头皮供皮区创面明显优于油纱布;用于削痂创面的覆盖效果良好,但与手术时机,创面处理方法,包扎固定是否妥当有密切关系;有选择地应用于切痂创面,尚存在人工皮自身特点及临床应用方法上的问题有待研究解决.至于肉芽创面应用人工皮的效果则与肉芽形成的时间,术后处理的正确与否有密切的关系,应用得当,会取得极明显的加速创面愈合的效果.CHIMEHERB人工皮不适于覆盖已感染的Ⅲ°创面,新鲜Ⅲ°创面没有应用人工皮的必要.     

CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床研究

22例临床应用研究的结果表明,人工皮最佳适应证是浅Ⅱ°烧伤、供皮区创面,亦能用于烧伤残余肉穿小创面.一旦克服早期粘附性差,抗感染能力差后,将可能大面积Ⅲ°烧伤切痂后的良好覆盖物,目前尚不适宜在混合移植中替代异体皮或异种猪皮.     

CHIMEHERB人工皮在烧伤治疗中的应用

应用CHIMEHERB人工皮治疗烧伤病人125例.疗效观察表明,该人工皮具有与创面粘附牢固,减少创面水、电解质和蛋白质的丢失,减轻疼痛,促进上皮生长等功能.无排斥反应,存用方便和成本低廉.临床与生化检验证实,CHIMEHERB人工皮对肝肾功能无不良影响.适用于浅度烧伤创面、供皮区创面,及中、小面积深度烧伤的切、削痂创面.     

摘除眼柄诱导斑节对虾成熟产卵的研究

本实验结果表明,摘除斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabficius)左或右侧眼柄,可以诱导卵巢发育成熟产卵,且成活率高,亦不影响正常摄食和交配活动。不摘除眼柄和摘除两侧眼柄,迄今尚未见到卵巢发育之虾。 实验还表明:选择雌虾体长210mm、体重140g以上,在水温27—3l℃,盐度30—35‰,pH值7.2—8.5,弱光(光照度100—500Ix),光质为蓝或绿光,溶解氧4mg/L以上,外界环境尽量避免干扰,微循环水流动,饵料以贝类,日投喂量10%的条件下培养,催熟效果好。 本实验也为在对虾属中进行种间杂交培育优良品种提供了依据。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.