地理国情普查成果质量复核关键技术与方法

为保证第一次全国地理国情普查成果质量检查验收尺度的一致性和质量评定结论的准确性,本文研究确立了地理国情普查成果质量复核原则和对象,设计建立了成果复核抽样、单位成果质量检查、质量评定、复核结论判定等技术与方法,在全国范围内的地理国情普查成果质量复核中得到了有效应用。     

地理国情普查样本数据入库质量检查方法研究

第一次全国地理国情普查在全国范围内采集的遥感影像解译样本数据数量将达数百万个,并将在后续长期的地理国情监测中不断积累递增。本文针对地理国情普查成果数据库建设需求,研究了样本数据入库质量检查方法。通过解析样本数据结构及各数据之间的逻辑关系,抽象了检查对象和检查内容,并设计了检查模型和检查算法,提出了一种从宏观到微观的综合质量检查方法。研究表明,该方法全面实现了样本数据各项内容的质量检查,检查结果可作为样本数据质量的评定依据。同时,设计开发了样本数据入库质量检查软件,经测试证明,该软件能够大大提高质量检查效率,降低作业成本,解决大数据量样本数据入库质量检查的技术问题,可为地理国情普查样本数据成果的数据库建设提供有效的质量检查手段。     

地理国情普查数据成果质量评价标准的探讨

分析了地理国情普查数据成果的特点及普查数据成果质量评价的要求,从现行测绘成果质量检验标准的特点出发探讨了普查数据成果质量评价标准的设计思路,在此基础之上,结合对普查数据成果质量检查验收工作的实践总结,从抽样检查流程、质量评分方法及重点成果关键评定指标的针对性设计等方面,进一步分析了普查数据成果质量评价标准的实际应用效果,为开展常态化地理国情监测成果质量检验提供技术参考。     

地理国情普查检查验收与质量评定辅助系统设计

质量是地理国情普查的生命,地理国情普查成果质量的优劣关系到普查的成败。地理国情普查项目成果有形式多样化、空间化的特点,采用传统检查手段效率低,标准也不一致。文中提出结合现有技术规范,创新检查验收方式和方法,提高检查验收工作效率;研究设计地理国情普查检查验收与质量辅助系统。系统在生产单位辅助成果检查验收与质量评定工作中得到很好应用。     

地理国情监测成果质量评价关键技术与应用

针对地理国情监测成果质量检查验收中人工检查任务自动化程度不高的问题,重点研究了地理国情监测成果质量评价的关键技术;并对地理国情监测成果人工检查质量评定自动化、质量评价接口模型构建等内容进行了深入研究;最终实现了地理国情监测成果检查验收以及质量评价系统的设计与应用。     

地理国情普查成果验收质量检查与控制

以福建省第一次全国地理国情普查成果验收质检工作为例,对地理国情普查工作成果质量检查点以及成果存在的常见质量问题进行了总结,提出了质量控制方法,对确保地理国情普查成果质量具有现实意义。     

地表覆盖分类成果的质检方法与实践

针对地理国情普查中的地表覆盖分类数据成果及其如何进行科学、客观的质量检查与评价,以确保成果质量满足项目设计要求的问题。该文基于地理国情普查中的地表覆盖分类成果特点提出了一套有别于传统基础测绘成果的质量检查内容和评价方法,其核心是对成果最重要的分类精度质量元素采用统计分类不良区域面积占比进行定量的质量检查与评价。该方法在全国范围的地理国情地表覆盖分类成果的检查验收中得到了全面应用。实验表明,该方法具有直观、易于操作的特点,能有效控制成果质量,并可为常态化地理国情监测质量控制工作提供技术参考。     

地理国情普查质量检验软件的功能设计

为保证云南省第一次全国地理国情普查成果质量,根据地理国情普查成果的技术要求,基于Arc GIS桌面平台Arc Objects开发接口,采用Add-in开发模式,设计出一套符合地理国情普查质量检查验收的软件功能模块,可将大部分数据质量检验工作实现自动化。对提高普查成果检验的准确性和工作效率,控制普查成果的质量有现实意义。     

地表覆盖分类数据成果质量检查技术与方法

针对地理国情普查与监测项目地表覆盖分类成果质量检查的特殊性,结合验收检查工程实践提出了一套有针对性的成果质量检查技术流程与方法,归纳了成果采集精度、分类精度等关键的质量元素的检查要点、具体方法与典型质量问题,可为开展常态化地理国情监测成果质量检验提供技术参考。     

浅析地理国情要素数据的质量检查

作为一种全新的基础地理信息产品形式,地理国情要素数据是第一次全国地理国情普查成果的重要组成部分。结合甘肃省地理国情普查的生产实践,系统归纳和总结了地理国情要素数据的质量元素、质量子元素及其检查项,对每个检查项的质量检查和控制方法进行了阐述,以提高地理国情普查数据的准确性和可靠性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。