利玛原甲藻腹泻性毒素的生物学测定

１９９４年和１９９５年分季度从海南省三亚海区采集附生于褐藻上的利玛甲藻Ｐｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍ ｌｉｍａ（Ｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇ）Ｄｏｄｇｅ，经丙酮提取。提取液用ｐＨ＝３的水除去麻痹性贝毒（ＰＳＰ），取残留液注入小白鼠（ＢａＢ／Ｃ纯系），有腹泻性贝毒（ＤＳＰ）中毒的症状出现。初步确定此种藻中提取的毒素为ＤＳＰ。     

漂流藻属（Planktoniella）细胞形态观察及对Valdviella

本文根据对漂流藻属（Ｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｅｌｌａ）细胞形态观察，发现我国海域有两种漂流藻：太阳漂流藻（Ｐ．ｓｏｌＳｃｈｕｔｔ）和美丽漂流藻（Ｐ．ｆｏｒｍｏｓａＱｉａｎｅｔＷａｎｇ）．后者是根据详细观察研究后对Ｖａｌｄｉｖｉｅｌｌａｆｏｒｍｏｓａ（ＳｃｈｉｍｐｅｒｅｘＫａｒｓｔｅｎ）Ｋａｒｓｔｅｎ重订的。     

新型虾保鲜剂（PPR－1）在对虾保鲜中的应用

实验比较新型虾保鲜剂（ＰＰＲ—１）及其它类型的虾保鲜剂如亚硫酸氢钠（ＳＢＳ）、植酸（ＰＡ）及日本虾保鲜剂（ＪＰＲ）对中国对虾ＰｅｎａｅｕｓＣｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ的保鲜作用。实验指出：（１）在冷藏（４℃）与冷冻（－１８℃）保藏条件下，ＰＰＲ—１及ＪＰＲ对中国对虾的保鲜效果均优于ＰＡ和ＳＢＳ；（２）在冷藏（４℃）或冷冻（－１８℃）条件下，去头保鲜效果均优于带头保鲜效果。     

粘土矿物对尖刺拟菱形藻多列型生长和藻毒素产生的影响

于１９９４年１－７月在加拿大贝德福（Ｂｅｄｆｏｒｄ）海洋研究所进行粘土矿物（ｈａｌｌｏｙｓｉｔｅ）对尖刺拟菱形藻（Ｐｓｕｅｄｏｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｐｕｎｇｅｎｓｆ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ）生长和藻毒素软骨藻酸（ＤｏｍｏｉｃＡｃｉｄ,下简称ＤＡ）生成的影响研究,在Ｇｏｍｐｅｒｔｚ菌类生长方程的基础上,建立了尖刺拟菱形藻生长速率模型,得到各实验条件下的藻细胞最大生长速率,结果表明,粘土矿物对藻细胞的“遮     

三种南极鱼种分布的研究

根据英国南极考察中心（ＢＡＳ）在南极半岛水域（１９８８／１９８９）调查资料分析了三种南极鱼种（南极多线鱼（Ｐｌｅｕｒａｇｒａｍｍａａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｕｍ），南极电灯笼鱼（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎａａｎｔａｒｔｉｃａ），博氏原灯笼鱼（Ｐｒｏｔｏｍｐｅｔｏｐｈｕｍｂｏｌｉｎｉ）的分布．南极多线鱼分布于受韦岛（Ｗｅｄｄｌｅ）海水影响的水域（丰度值：０．０５４至１．７７５４尾／１０００ｍ３），指出绝大多数幼鱼（２６．０至５４．０ｍｍ，ＳＬ）发现在上层水域．南极电灯笼鱼和博氏原灯笼鱼分布于东南太平洋水域和贝令施森（Ｂｅｌｌｉｎｇｓｈａｕｓｅｎ）水域（丰度值：０．０５１２至０．９９３５和０．０３９４至０．３９０９尾／１０００ｍ３）．此两种灯笼鱼种的分布水深一般大于５００ｍ。     

大鹏湾几种赤潮甲藻的分类学研究

对采自深圳大鹏湾的５种赤潮甲藻进行了分类学研究。其中海洋原甲藻属ｐｒｏ－ｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍ２种：Ｐ．ｍｉｃａｎｓ Ｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇ，Ｐ．ｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ（Ｐａｖｉｌｌａｒｄ）Ｓｃｈｉｌｌｅｒ；亚历山大属Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍ２种：Ａｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ（Ｌｅｂｏｕｒ）Ｂａｌｅｃｈ，Ａ．ｃａｔｅｎｅｌｌａ（Ｗｈｅｄｏｎ＆Ｋｏｆｏｉｄ）Ｂａ－ｌｅｃｈ；施克里普藻属Ｓｃｒｉｐｐｓｉｅｌｌａ１种：Ｓ．ｔｒｏ     

红假单胞菌的分离鉴定与生长特性

由青岛沿岸潮间带表层沉积物分离出４株光合细菌，经鉴定属于荚膜红假单胞菌（Ｐｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｐｓｕｌａｔａ）（菌株ＨＤ３、ＲＳ、ＭＤ２）和球形红假单胞菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）（菌株ＰＳ２－２）。光照厌氧培养生长实验表明ＨＤ３的最适盐度为Ｓ＝１５～２５，ＰＳ２－２为一淡水菌株。菌株ＨＤ３的最适ＰＨ范围为６．３５～８．３。ＨＤ３、ＲＳ均不能利用硫化物且其生长受较高浓度的硫化物抑制。     

流式细胞仪样品流速的即时标定及误差分析

流式细胞仪是进行细胞生物学研究的重要仪器 ,在微型浮游生物的研究中也起着很重要的作用［３］ ,但流式细胞仪测定对进样体积的准确度和精密度往往都有较高的要求。目前的几种商业化流式细胞仪 (如ＢｅｃｋｍａｎＣｏｕｌｔｅｒ的ＥＰＩＣＳＸＬ，ＢｅｃｔｏｎＤｉｃｋｉｎｓｏｎ的ＦＡＣＳＣＡＬＩＢＵＲ，ＢｅｃｔｏｎＤｉｃｋｉｎｓｏｎ的ＬＳＲ，Ｃｙｔｏｍａｔｉｏｎ的ＭｏＦｌｏＢＴＡ，Ｐａｒｔｅｃ＿ＰＡＳ的Ｄａｋｏ＿ＧＡＬＡＸＹ［４］)采用的进样方式主要有两种 ,即针筒式进样和压力式进样。压力式进样是普遍采用的进样方式 ,…     

Modelling of the barotropic processes in the Bohai Sea

ＭｏｄｅｌｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂａｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａ￥ＨｕａｎｇＤａｊｉ；ＣｈｅｎＺｏｎｇｙｏｎｇａｎｄＳｕＪｉｌａｎ（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｇｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄｍ...     

3种海洋养殖贝类体内的脂肪酸组成

分析了华贵栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ（Ｒｅｅｖｅ）、合浦珠母贝Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｔｅｎｓｉｉ（Ｄｕｕｋｅｒ）、翡翠贻贝Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｌｄｉｓ（Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）的软体部、肝胰腺和生殖腺的脂肪酸组成及含量。３种贝的各组织中,不饱和脂肪酸含量均较饱和脂肪酸含量高。多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）含量丰富,其中二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）含量相当高,占总脂肪的２５．２６％－２７．２１％。３种贝中,翡翠贻贝的油含量最高（１３．６８％）,软体部的ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ含量也较高（２６．９５％）,最具开发利用价值。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.