绿松石呈色的晶体场理论计算

绿松石中Cu^2 电子组态为3d^9,为中心对称配位八面体，配位体为4个OH^-和2个H2O，在晶体场作用下，五重简并的d轨道分裂为5个能量不同的轨道，dx^2-y^2为基态，其余为激发态，依跃迁选律．从基态到四个激发态的跃迁为自旋允许跃迁，从而形成了铜离子吸收光谱的4条谱带。前人对绿松石中Cu^2 晶体场势能计算时，个别系数有误，笔者进行了修改，并补充了部分角度函数的积分值，从而使结果得到了改进，计算谱带位置与实测可见光吸收光谱谱带位置十分接近。在进行晶体场势能计算时，角度函数积分值是非常重要的，以往的资料只是直接给出了部分积分值，这在计算低对称配位八面体晶体场势能时是不够的，这次重新计算了所有可能的角度函数积分值，对各种对称下配位八面体晶体场能量的计算提供了可能。     

最小二乘法的改进算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪定标多项式

提出了采用最小二乘法的改进算法拟和一元非线性函数，并用该算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪的定标多项式-数值计算结果表明：采用改进的算法，非常显著地降低了求解定标多项式系数方程组的系数矩阵的条件数，定标多项式能更精确地反映谱平面坐标和谱线波长的定量关系。     

BOLTZMANN方程与碰撞矩阵元的计算

作者用Ｂｕｒｎｅｔｔ函数作为展开基底表示分子速度分布函数和Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ方程，并由此证明，Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ碰撞矩阵元的计算归结为约化积分、Ｃｌｅｂｓｃｈ－Ｇｏｒｄａｎ系数和Ｂｒｏｄｙ－Ｍｏｓｈｉｎｓｋｙ系数的计算。为了提高计算效率，作者将这些系数用超几何函数予以表示，并由此提出了高效的计算方法。     

最小二乘法的改进算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪定标多项式

提出了采用最小二乘法的改进算法拟和一元非线性函数,并用该算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪的定标多项式,数值计算结果表明:采用改进的算法,非常显著地降低了求解定标多项式系数方程组的系数矩阵的条件数,定标多项式能更精确地反映谱平面坐标和谱线波长的定量关系。     

随机取向小冰晶多色粒子在红外谱区光散射的线偏振特征

用有限长圆柱状模拟小冰晶的非球形性，用T－矩阵理论研究了随机取向小圆柱状冰晶多色粒子光散射的线偏振特征，强调了在红外谱区波长从大气红外短波窗区（λ=3.979μm)到远红外λ=30μm的光散射，考虑了31种粒子的谱分布和10种圆柱状纵横比。广泛的计算结果表明，圆柱状小冰粒在红外谱区的线偏振强烈地依赖于波长和折射指数、粒子的纵横比和谱分布。与文献中类似的工作比较，获得了一些新的和有意义的结果。     

从奇点法成果看江山──绍兴深大断裂的位置

本文采用“位场解释的奇点法和滤波”反演活对浙江境内4条长剖面的重力资料进行了解释。奇点法定义了归一化总矢量的相位的概念。重力场奇点处相位曲线发生反转，即从－～＋或从＋～－。利用相位图上的反转点可准确地确定构造位置。计算结果表明：江山～绍兴深大断裂在诸暨附近从应店街通过；江山－绍兴断裂和苏州－开化断裂均向南倾，可能是反映了一个巨大推覆体的南北边界。     

断层模型在火山区形变和重力反演中的应用

利用腾冲火山区1998～2002年的垂直形变和重力测量资料，应用多元Mogi模型对测区的等效岩浆房位置及大小进行了反演计算，得出了最佳拟合值。但当对形变和重力资料联合分析时却发现：实测重力数据比用球形Mogi模型计算所得的值要大得多。为了对此进行合理的解释，提出了断层模型。当岩浆沿断层上升时，充填了断层中原先存在的大量空隙．因而可以只对重力产生影响．而不对形变产生影响。为此沿断层积分得出上升岩浆所产生的重力异常，其结果与实测重力资料拟合得较好。同时断层模型也对负的岩浆源(即岩浆的流失)作出了较为合理的解释。     

应用GPS观测研究青藏高原东北缘应力场变化

采用各向同性弹性地球模型推导了地面位移场速率与地壳内任意点应力场变化的边界积分关系，同时利用青藏高原东北缘1999～2001年观测的GPS资料对观测区地壳深度为5h和25h的主应力和最大剪应力进行了计算分析。结果表明，青藏高原东北缘的主应力变化主要集中在祁连山断裂、海原断裂等，在1920～1954年间历史上发生过多次震级为7．0～8．5级强震的断裂附近，并具有主应力变化沿断层走向分布、最大剪应力沿断层走向交替变化等特征。     

用于重力向下延拓的离散化方法

泊松积分通常用于把重力值从地球表面转化到大地水准面(即称之为重力向下延拓)的过程中。由于这是一个反问题，一些数字技术比如将积分离散化为一个线性方程组是必需的。目前，已经提出了两种离散化方案(单点和双重平均)。虽然这两种方案在数学上都是可解的，但用它们处理相同的输入地面重力值时，却得出不同的大地水准面上的重力值。这种差异的产生是由于对泊松核函数的不同离散化方法造成的，而且这一问题尚未引起足够的关注。实际上，数学上的可解性并不能保证得到正确的解。问题在于此方程组是否构成得很好，或者说，离散化是否合理。因而本文研究泊松积分的离散方法。为此目的，本文提出一个单点平均的方案来对泊松积分进行估值。单点平均方案基本上与双点平均方案是相同的，但它在计量上更为简单，因为其计算工作大为减少。比较单点和双点平均方案后表明，对于一个有限的地表网格范围情况，单点离散方案会带来严重的理论问题，因为会相当大地低估大地水准面上的重力值甚至在极端情况时会给出不正确的结果。我们得到，仔细构成离散方程组的系数矩阵比应用单点重力值作为输入远为重要。     

滇西试验场区三维重力反演研究

本文依最新获得的滇西试验场区布格重力异常成果和近几年该区已有的人工地震测深资料，利用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ快速位场反演方法和文献［１］设计的反演计算程序，实施了多个密度界面的三维重力反演，首次获得了该区地壳上、中、下三界面的整体展布图像，分析了它们的细化结构，并结合本区重力异常特征讨论了界面图像的构造物理意义，结果表明：区内杨子板块地壳界面的去耦滑动远强于三江微板块，洱源—永胜一线的地壳半细颈结构是区内现代构造运动最活跃的地段。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by