基于IGS精密产品的GPS单双频动态精密单点定位精度分析

介绍了GPS单双频动态精密单点定位的数学模型以及利用IGS精密产品进行单双频动态解算的算法流程。采用IGS实测数据进行了GPS单双频动态精密单点定位精度解算试验并从外符合的角度评估了其定位精度。试验结果表明:GPS单频动态定位精度在分米级,双频动态定位精度在厘米级。     

GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA GPS精密定位性能比较分析

GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA都是国际知名的GPS精密数据处理软件。当GAMIT/GLOBK采用精密星历和高精度起算点时,其解算长基线的相对精度能达到10~(-9)量级,解算短基线的精度能优于1 mm;使用PANDA进行北斗卫星精密定轨的径向精度优于10 cm,静态精密单点定位精度达到厘米级、基线相对定位达到毫米级。但两者基于不同的处理方法,GAMIT/GLOBK基于双差模式而PANDA采用非差模式。以IGS公布的周解为真值利用GPS实测数据对两者定位结果和精度予以比较,从而对其定位性能进行分析,实验结果表明:GAMIT/GLOBK与PANDA解算的模式不同,但两者的实际解算精度基本相当,且成果与IGS公布的周解吻合较好,最终解算结果都与IGS公布的坐标吻合较好。     

基于快速星历的GAMIT高精度基线解算研究

针对IGS最终精密星历发布时延较长导致的GAMIT基线解算实时性问题,该文提出了使用快速星历IGR和超快速星历IGU进行GAMIT基线解算的方法,并通过一组基线长40km~309km不等的观测数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明对于中长基线,使用IGR或IGU星历进行GAMIT基线解算与使用IGS最终星历解算的坐标分量较差优于10-9数量级,可以满足在特定情况下要求较短时间区间(观测时间后12天内)内使用GAMIT进行高精度GPS基线解算的需求。     

海量IGS数据实时线程池并发获取

随着全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）的迅猛发展,国际GNSS服务组织（IGS）发布了各类海量高精度服务数据。目前,IGS数据在GNSS基线解算、精密单点定位、卫星精密定轨、地壳形变监测、地球电离层和地球动力学研究等领域得到了广泛应用。传统的IGS服务数据下载过程烦琐而耗时,且易出错。如何快速且正确获取IGS数据是当前用户迫切关心的问题。本文基于FTP文件传输协议,设计了实时线程池并发和断点续传算法,并对海量IGS数据进行一站式分类下载测试,通过对试验结果进行分析比较,最终得出海量数据最优的获取方法。     

基于INDY控件的实时精密单点定位星历获取程序设计

IGS提供实时的预报产品—超快速精密星历IGU,这种超快速星历为实时精密单点定位的实现提供了实时的高精度数据支撑。由于IGU存储在网络服务器中,设计实现IGS数据文件实时获取的下载程序是实时精密单点定位的基础。通过在C++Builder 2007平台上利用Indy控件设计编译了IGS数据文件的下载程序并进行实验。实验表明:该程序支持多线程并发和断点续传功能,可以实现IGS数据文件的实时下载。     

IGS站的选取对陆态网解算精度的影响

当前关于IGS站选择对GPS数据解算的影响尚未有定论,讨论陆态网数据解算过程中IGS站的选取问题,简要介绍陆态网和GAMIT软件,分析IGS基准站的分布以及数量对陆态网解算精度的影响。在本文的GAMIT参数设置下,通过实验发现,进行陆态网解算时只需要加入北半球的IGS站就可使基线得到较好的U方向解算精度,而陆态网选择8个左右的IGS站较为合适。     

基于广播星历的GAMIT基线解算方法及精度分析

GAMIT解算过程中通常要求精密的轨道文件作为卫星位置基准,针对在实际工程应用中因精密星历公布滞后或网络等因素无法及时获取IGS精密星历产品的特殊情况,提出基于广播星历进行GAMIT基线解算的方法,并与使用IGS最终星历的解算结果进行比较分析.实验结果表明,在309 km范围内,使用广播星历的坐标分量解算结果与使用IGS最终星历相比差值优于10-8数量级,可以满足常规的工程应用需求.     

基于IGS超快速星历的高精度实时GPS测量

IGS的几种星历产品中,精密星历精度虽然高,但不能实时获得,并且它是影响高精度实时测量应用的主要因素。讨论几种星历产品数值上的差异,在实际计算中使用超快预报星历替代精密星历,并比较它们基线解算结果和天顶延迟解算结果。结果证明：两种星历计算的基线差别非常小,因此,在高精度GPS数据处理中可以直接使用超快预报星历,得到高精度的实时坐标。同样可以应用在GPS气象中,用超快事后星历实现对流层实时监测。     

基于GNSS多星座PPP的时间传递精度分析

高精度时间传递是时间实验室建立和维持标准时间尺度及保持时间同步的基础。本文基于GNSS多星座精密单点定位(PPP)技术,采用IGS提供的精密卫星轨道和钟差产品进行单站时间传递精度分析。实验结果表明,GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo四系统组合PPP可以实现亚纳秒级的时间传递,时间传递精度较GPS单系统具有一定程度的提高。通过对连续4天卫星数据的分析,发现GNSS多星座PPP所解算的钟差解能够达到2×10~(-13)~7×10~(-13)的频率稳定度,与IGS发布的钟差产品具有很好的频率一致性。     

星间差分GRAPHIC观测量单频精密单点定位算法

提出了一种基于星间差分GRAPHIC观测量的单频精密单点定位算法,采用正反向滤波实现了静态和动态解算功能。该算法的优点是不需要外部电离层模型进行电离层延迟改正。采用4个IGS站7d的数据和一组机载GPS动态数据进行解算实验,结果表明:静态定位E,N和U方向的RMS分别为0.035,0.007和0.080m;动态定位E,N和U方向的RMS分别为0.117,0.122和0.180m。     

华北GPS网GAMIT计算结果与IGS站选取的关系探讨

利用GAMIT软件对1999年华北GPS网的观测数据进行了处理，在处理过程中，对IGS站的选取分为：（1）选取15个IGS站；（2）选取6个IGS站；（3）选取3个IGS站；（4）对不选IGS站的四种情况进行了计算，并对四种情况得出的结果从基线向量、测站坐标、基线的重复率和计算所得的均方根的残差nrms四个方面进行了比较，得出了以下结论：使用GAMIT软件处理GPS资料时，最好选取IGS站为区域网提供参考框架；IGS站的选取，数量上不一定最多，但空间分布上应尽量均匀；对华北GPS网，选取6个左右的IGS站即可；多期GPS资料在处理时应尽量选取相同的IGS站进行计算。     

IGS数据产品智能化下载软件Ider的设计与实现

介绍了IGS数据产品存放及文件命名规则,利用C#开发语言并采用多线程技术开发了批量下载IGS数据产品的软件,该软件具有支持全部IGS数据产品类型下载、实现自动下载自动解压、下载速度比单线程下载速度提高一倍并且对高频数据提供自动格式转换和合并等优点。     

The international global navigation satellite systems service (IGS): development and achievements

Since 21 June 1992 the International GPS Service (IGS), renamed International GNSS Service in 2005, produces and makes available uninterrupted time series of its products, in particular GPS observations from the IGS Global Network, GPS orbits, Earth orientation parameters (components x and y of polar motion, length of day) with daily time resolution, satellite and receiver clock information for each day with different latencies and accuracies, and station coordinates and velocities in weekly batches for further analysis by the IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service). At a later stage the IGS started exploiting its network for atmosphere monitoring, in particular for ionosphere mapping, for troposphere monitoring, and time and frequency transfer. This is why new IGS products encompass ionosphere maps and tropospheric zenith delays. This development became even more important when more and more space-missions carrying space-borne GPS for various purposes were launched. This article offers an overview for the broader scientific community of the development of the IGS and of the spectrum of topics addressed today with IGS data and products.     

基于精密星历的GPS／GLONASS组合单点定位研究

采用了俄罗斯空间局信息分析中心提供的GPS与GLONASS精密星历和钟差产品,处理了国际IGS站Dlft站的GPS／GLONAss双系统一整天观测数据,分析了所获得的可靠试验结果。     

Anomalies in broadcast ionospheric coefficients recorded by GPS receivers over the past two solar cycles (1992–2013)

The anomaly phenomenon of broadcast ionospheric model coefficients of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is revealed after analyzing the navigation file data collected from all the IGS (International GNSS Service) stations worldwide over a 22-year period (1992–2013). GPS broadcast ionospheric coefficients widely used by many single-frequency users to correct the ionosphere errors for numerous GPS applications are usually believed to have only one set/version per day. However, it is found that GPS receivers from the IGS network can report as many as eight sets/versions of ionospheric coefficients in a day. In order to investigate the possible factors for such an anomalous phenomenon, the relationship between the number of coefficient sets and solar cycle, the receiver geographic locations, and receiver types/models are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that most of the coefficients show an annual variation. During the active solar cycle period from mid-1999 to mid-2001, all of the coefficients extracted from IGS navigation files behaved anomalously. Our analysis shows that the anomaly is also associated with GPS receiver types/models. Some types/models of GPS receivers report one set/version of ionospheric coefficients daily, while others report multiple sets. Our analysis also suggests that the ionospheric coefficient anomaly is not necessarily related to ionospheric scintillations. No correlation between the anomaly and geographic location of GPS receivers has been found in the analysis. Using the ionospheric coefficient data collected from 1998 to 2013, the impact of ionospheric coefficient anomaly on vertical total electron content (VTEC) calculation using the Klobuchar model has been evaluated with respect to the Global Ionospheric Maps generated by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe. With different sets of coefficients recorded on the same day, the resulting VTEC values are dramatically different. For instance on June 1, 2000, the largest VTEC at one of our test stations can be as large as 153.3 TECu (total electron content unit) using one set of coefficients, which is 16.36 times larger than the smallest VTEC of 9.37 TECu computed from using another set of coefficients.     

Time and Frequency Transfer Using GPS Codes and Carrier Phases: Onsite Experiments

Recent studies have shown the capabilities of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phases for frequency transfer based on the observations from geodetic GPS receivers driven by stable atomic clocks. This kind of receiver configuration is the kind primarily used within the framework of the International GPS Service (IGS). The International GPS Service/Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (IGS/BIPM) pilot project aims at taking advantage of these GPS receivers to enlarge the network of Time Laboratories contributing to the realization of the International Atomic Time (TAI). In this article, we outline the theory necessary to describe the abilities and limitations of time and frequency transfer using the GPS code and carrier phase observations. We report on several onsite tests and evaluate the present setup of our 12-channel IGS receiver (BRUS), which uses a hydrogen maser as an external frequency reference, to contribute to the IGS/BIPM pilot project. In the initial experimental setup, the receivers had a common external frequency reference; in the second setup, separate external frequency references were used. Independent external clock monitoring provided the necessary information to validate the results. Using two receivers with a common frequency reference and connected to the same antenna, a zero baseline, we were able to use the carrier phase data to derive a frequency stability of 6 × 10⁻¹⁶ for averaging times of one day. The main limitation in the technique originates from small ambient temperature variations of a few degrees Celsius. While these temperature variations have no effect on the functioning of the GPS receiver within the IGS network, they reduce the capacities of the frequency transfer results based on the carrier phase data. We demonstrate that the synchronization offset at the initial measurement epoch can be estimated from a combined use of the code and carrier phase observations. In our test, the discontinuity between two consecutive days was about 140 ps. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

GPS数据实时通讯中数据解码问题的算法研究

在GPS测量工作中,经常需将测量数据进行实时的传输和处理。然而,GPS测量数据的实时处理是以其正确解码为前提的。在分析串口通讯中数据传统解码算法的基础上,提出了一种直接基于字节数据的实用算法。通过对Ashtech UZ-12型GPS接收机实时传输数据解码试验,证明此算法是一种简单、高效、易于通过编程实现的GPS数据解码算法。     

Impact of Earth radiation pressure on GPS position estimates

GPS satellite orbits available from the International GNSS Service (IGS) show a consistent radial bias of up to several cm and a particular pattern in the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals, which are suggested to be related to radiation pressure mismodeling. In addition, orbit-related frequencies were identified in geodetic time series such as apparent geocenter motion and station displacements derived from GPS tracking data. A potential solution to these discrepancies is the inclusion of Earth radiation pressure (visible and infrared) modeling in the orbit determination process. This is currently not yet considered by all analysis centers contributing to the IGS final orbits. The acceleration, accounting for Earth radiation and satellite models, is introduced in this paper in the computation of a global GPS network (around 200 IGS sites) adopting the analysis strategies from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). Two solutions covering 9 years (2000–2008) with and without Earth radiation pressure were computed and form the basis for this study. In previous studies, it has been shown that Earth radiation pressure has a non-negligible effect on the GPS orbits, mainly in the radial component. In this paper, the effect on the along-track and cross-track components is studied in more detail. Also in this paper, it is shown that Earth radiation pressure leads to a change in the estimates of GPS ground station positions, which is systematic over large regions of the Earth. This observed “deformation” of the Earth is towards North–South and with large scale patterns that repeat six times per GPS draconitic year (350 days), reaching a magnitude of up to 1 mm. The impact of Earth radiation pressure on the geocenter and length of day estimates was also investigated, but the effect is found to be less significant as compared to the orbits and position estimates.     

全球范围IGS监测站GPS观测数据质量分析

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的持续完善及其在多领域内的大量应用,拓展了国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)连续监测站的服务领域,从而提升了对其观测数据的质量要求,因此有必要对大范围内IGS站点卫星观测数据质量进行分析.结合目前各GNSS的全球覆盖程度以及发展成熟度,本文以GPS为对象,对全球范围IGS站点该系统的原始观测数据质量进行评价,包括数据所受多径影响、数据观测完整程度以及数据中跳变比例三方面,得出了关于IGS站点GPS数据质量的分析结果,该结果可为地学研究及工程应用过程中站点的选取作参考.