南岭地区大规模钨锡多金属成矿作用:成矿时限及地球动力学背景

南岭位于华南地区中部,是我国乃至全球最主要的钨锡金属成矿省.本文基于最近几年的高精度成岩成矿测年资料和地球动力学研究进展,提出南岭地区大规模成矿作用出现于中晚侏罗世(165～150Ma),相应的构造背景是古太平洋板块向大陆俯冲,在大陆边缘弧后地区出现一系列NE向壳幔相互作用强烈的伸展带,这些伸展带与东西向古断裂的交汇部位是岩浆活动和成矿作用中心区,NE向十杭带与南岭中脊部EW向古深大断裂的交汇处形成湘南最大的钨锡矿集区.在中晚白垩世.古太平洋板块向NNE方向走滑,导致大陆岩石圈大面积伸展,相应大规模的火山活动主要出现在武夷山以东地区,但在包括南岭地区在内的华南地区广泛出现盆岭构造,NNE向的白垩纪红层-火山盆地与以花岗岩为代表的隆起相间分布,在一些盆地可见130～90Ma侵位的、面积不大却广泛分布的花岗岩及其锡多金属矿化,构成华南地区大规模锡多金属矿化作用,但这次成矿作用在南岭地区并不十分强烈.     

江西赣州淘锡坑钨矿床稀土地球化学研究

淘锡坑钨矿床是赣南地区典型的云英岩型黑钨矿矿床。本文重点研究震旦系浅变质砂板岩围岩、成矿花岗岩及含矿云英岩、石英脉稀土元素地球化学特征,通过对岩石化学组成、稀土元素配分模式及特征值LREE/HREE-REE、δEu-LREE/HREE相关性的分析,对比现代海相、陆相沉积物稀土元素组成特点,确定震旦系浅变质砂板岩原岩为浅海相陆源沉积岩;成矿花岗岩属于陆壳熔融成因花岗岩;含矿云英岩、石英脉及成矿物质属于岩浆期后热液产物。     

南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学：概念与实例

南岭地区的钨锡成矿作用与花岗岩岩浆活动有十分密切的关系。花岗岩的物源与成矿元素的初始富集、花岗岩的分异程度和花岗岩中流体性质与活动性集中体现了花岗岩对成矿的控制能力,即花岗岩的成矿能力。初步建立了南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学研究体系。黑云母、榍石、锆石、锡石、金红石、黑钨矿、白钨矿和钨铁铌矿等是讨论的重点矿物,它们可用于判别花岗岩的成矿能力。首先以矿物晶体化学为基础,介绍了上述矿物在钨锡花岗岩中的岩相学特征、内部构造和矿物化学及其变化,并分别论证了花岗岩原始含矿性、花岗岩结晶演化和花岗岩中成矿元素活动性的矿物学标志;其次,系统对比了南岭地区三类钨锡花岗岩（准铝质含锡花岗岩、过铝质含锡花岗岩和过铝质含钨花岗岩）的成矿矿物学特征。以湖南骑田岭花岗岩复式岩体为实例,进行了芙蓉- 菜岭含锡花岗岩和新田岭含钨花岗岩的成矿矿物学对比研究。前者以黑云母、榍石为典型含锡矿物,它们在流体富集阶段,经热液蚀变作用,导致锡的淋滤和结晶富集作用;后者则以出现岩浆白钨矿和黑钨矿为特征。提出的钨锡花岗岩成矿矿物学研究体系有助于深化矿床学研究和矿床勘探工作,并将在今后工作中进一步完善。     

湖南东坡半隐伏岩体的侵入方向及其空间形态特征

东坡(千里山—王仙岭)半隐伏岩体是湖南郴州地区与锡钨、铅锌成矿关系密切的重要岩体。为了弄清它们的侵入方向,根据不同尺度的剩余重力异常中心的位置与出露岩体中心的位置,判断出岩浆的侵入方向;通过重力异常的二维、三维反演,揭示了千里山岩体、王仙岭岩体的连接关系、二维空间形态特征以及与围岩的接触关系;推断认为:形成王仙岭岩体的岩浆是由北东—东南—北西方向侵入的;形成千里山岩体的岩浆是由北东往南(西)方向侵入的。而且两个岩体在深部相连,并且呈大岩基产出。     

南岭钨锡花岗岩的地质特征及成矿作用

南岭钨锡花岗岩按主要成矿金属可分为钨成矿花岗岩,钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩,钨锡多金属成矿花岗岩和锡成矿花岗岩。中生代是本区钨锡花岗岩的主要成矿时代。各类钨锡花岗岩的地质、地球化学特性反映了它们相互之间成因上的区别和联系。本区钨锡花岗岩的成岩成矿作用特征是:①复式岩体分异完善多期多阶段成岩晚期成矿型,②复式岩株活动频繁多阶段成岩多阶段成矿型,岩浆杂岩组合酸性花岗岩成矿型,④火山—侵入作用的次火山—斑岩成矿型,⑤深成混合岩化花岗岩化超变质岩区花岗岩浆高侵位斑岩成矿型,⑥古老花岗岩体成矿型。钨锡花岗岩的地质和成矿作用特征是与其所处的大地构造环境的区域地质构造性质息息相关。     

赣南于都-赣县钨多金属矿集区成矿模式

正于都—赣县钨多金属矿集区位于南岭东西向构造—成矿带与武夷山北北东向构造—成矿带的复合部位。区内构造发育,岩浆活动强烈,成矿地质条件优越,钨多金属矿床的数量和规模在赣南地区仅次于崇—余—犹矿集区,矿床类型齐全,包括石英脉型、云英岩型、矽卡岩型、花岗岩细脉浸染型、沉积岩细脉浸染型、破碎带型及砂矿型。1典型矿床成矿特征石英脉型钨多金属矿是矿集区分布最为广泛的类型,常与云英岩型复合发育,如黄沙钨矿、盘     

赣南于都万田花岗岩锆石铀-铅定年及启示

南岭是国内外著名的钨、锡及稀土成矿带,以往的研究成果大多认为其成矿作用与中生代的岩浆活动关系密切。相对地,关于加里东期花岗岩与成矿作用关系的研究较少,而实际上加里东期花岗岩的出露面积在该区域仅次于中生代花岗岩,与钨、锡及稀土成矿作用是否存在一定的联系。本文在野外调研的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术对位于赣南于都万田花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年,同时结合该区域已有的地层和花岗岩成矿元素钨、锡进行了对比分析。结果表明,万田花岗岩体成岩确定年龄为464.9 Ma,由加里东期到燕山期,花岗岩对成矿元素钨、锡富集程度呈逐渐增强的趋势,可能暗示该区的成矿作用具有一定的继承性。     

论金铜钨锡成矿与花岗岩的关系

金铜钨锡成矿与花岗岩的关系是学术界关心的话题。按照流行的岩浆热液成矿理论,钨锡是高温热液矿床,金铜是中温热液矿床,铅锌是低温热液矿床,它们与花岗岩时空和成因有关,可以围绕岩体分布,近岩体处为钨锡,向外为金铜,远处为铅锌。在一个成矿带中,钨锡金铜铅锌可以共存,且有众多矿床实例为佐证。我们的研究表明,金铜与埃达克型和喜马拉雅型花岗岩有关,形成于加厚地壳;钨锡与南岭型花岗岩有关,形成于减薄的地壳。在一个地区同时不可能地壳又加厚又减薄,因此,埃达克型花岗岩与南岭型花岗岩不可能同时同地共存,所以,在一个地区不可能同时既有金铜又有钨锡成矿,大量矿床实例也证明金铜与钨锡是相悖的。至于在许多地方出现的金铜钨锡铅锌等在一起的现象,可能有两种解释:要么它们是不同时代成矿互相叠加在一起的;要么它们正好处于地壳厚度急剧变化的地方。为了查明金铜钨锡成矿究竟是相伴还是相悖的,至少需要掌握3个方面的资料:(1)不同矿床成矿的时代;(2)不同矿床与花岗岩的关系及花岗岩的地球化学特征和同位素年龄;(3)不同矿床的成因及矿床类型。     

西华山-棕树坑地区钨矿分布规律

西华山-棕树坑地区处于我国南岭钨矿成矿域中心地带.区内褶断构造强烈,岩浆活动频繁,钨、锡、稀有与稀土等成矿作用发育.通过近年来的深入研究,初步识知到:钨、锡等矿化虽然与地层、岩性有关,但主要与燕山期花岗岩在时间、空间及物质来源上有密切的成因联系,而且成矿岩体和容矿裂隙都为构造所控制,钨矿床呈现有规律的分布.     

Geochronology of granite and associated Sn mineralization in the Shuangyuanchong Sn deposit and its implication for Sn-W prospecting potential in the Shizhuyuan-Hehuaping area,the Nanling region,South ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

南岭成矿带是全球最重要的钨锡成矿带之一,区内钨锡成矿条件优渥,是开展钨锡找矿勘查的重要目标区。然而如何开展钨锡找矿工作,尤其是在已有矿床周缘圈定成矿远景区,是钨锡成矿作用研究以及找矿勘查工作关注的重要科学问题。双园冲矿床位于南岭成矿带中西段,处于荷花坪与柿竹园两个大型锡钨多金属矿田中间,并与两个矿田处于同一构造体系,但目前对该矿床的研究程度较低,由此也制约了其矿床成因研究及该区的找矿部署。本次研究获得双园冲云英岩化花岗岩的锆石和独居石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为161.2±2.5Ma和157.1±1.8Ma,与云英岩型矿石中锡石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(158.9±2.9Ma)一致,二者均形成于晚侏罗世,表明其具有密切的成因关系,这一年龄也与南岭成矿带钨锡成矿大爆发时代(150-160Ma)一致。综合对比双园冲锡矿及与其空间相邻的柿竹园和荷花坪锡多金属矿田特征显示,三者成岩成矿时代一致,岩体侵位和矿体分布均受NE向断裂控制,矿体也均赋存于中-上泥盆统碳酸盐岩地层中,并且成矿花岗岩具有相似的岩石学特征和岩浆源区。综合以上信息,本文提出三个矿床可能形成于同一次岩浆热液活动,成矿岩体可能来自地壳深部同一个大岩浆房,柿竹园和荷花坪之间的区域具有发育晚侏罗世花岗岩体及相关钨锡矿的较大潜力。根据双园冲锡矿及其周缘大型锡钨矿床浅部脉状Pb-Zn-Fe-Mn矿化和深部矽卡岩-云英岩型Sn-W矿化的特征,提出研究区乃至整个南岭地区浅部脉状Pb-Zn-Fe-Mn矿化是深部Sn-W找矿勘查的有利部位。     

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry of Granitoids in the Douling Group in the Eastern Qinling

LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of the Sanpinggou, Gangou and Fengzishan granitoids in the Douling Group of the Eastern Qinling yields ages of 760-685 Ma, which represents a strong tectono-magmatic event in the southern Qinling during the late Neoproterozoic. Geochemical data show that these intrusions have wide compositions ranging from minor gabbros through diorites to granodiorites. They are relatively enriched in LILE, poor in HFSE and strongly depleted in Nb and Ta, displaying affinities of Ⅰ-type granites formed in an active continental margin with oceanic subduction. In contrast to granitoids, gabbros and enclaves in the granitoids have higher REE abundances, relatively flat REE patterns, lower LILE, slightly higher HFSE and more depletion in Nb and Ta. All these suggest that the gabbros were formed by partial melting of the upper mantle above the subduction zone and the granitoids by the partial melting of the lower crust. Combined with regional geological data, the subduction-related granitoids in     

The Genetic Types of Some Granite Intrusions Associated with Tin Polymetallic Deposits in the Nanling Region

Tin polymetallic deposits are the most important type of tin deposit in the Nanling region. Manyresearchers both at home and abroad consider this type of tin deposit to be the product of differentiation andevolution of granite magmas resulting from anatexis of continental crust and to be genetically related to thetransformation-type (S-type) granitoids. In this paper, on the basis of the geological settings, petrology, REEgeochemistry and strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of 6 granite intrusions associaied with tinpolymetallic deposits in the Nanling region, the authors suggest that the ore-bearing granites of this type areprobably the products of differentiation and evolution of acid magmas resulting from 40-50‰ fractionalcrystallization of magmas formed by partial melting of the pre-existing intermediate-basic volcanic rocks ofmantle origin in the lower crust and a small amount of sialic material and belong to crust-mantle-derivedgranitoids (approaching I-type of B. W. Chappell and A.J.R. White, but being evidently different from theS-type granitoid related to W, Sn, Nb, Ta and REE deposits).     

西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质构造意义

西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩的岩石地球化学特征研究表明:该火山岩为一套岩性连续分布的钙碱性火山岩,其中基性火山岩主要来源于岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并受到流体的交代作用,中酸性火山岩则主要来源于地壳的部分熔融.叶巴组火山岩形成于岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境,其动力来源应为新特提斯洋向北的俯冲消减.叶巴组发育的岛弧地区是形成具重要经济价值的VMS矿床的最佳地域.叶巴组火山岩的研究对早、中侏罗世的生物事件、气候变化以及海退或海侵事件也有重要的意义.     

昆秦接合部志留-泥盆纪侵入岩及其构造环境

通过详细的地质填图和年代学研究,确定昆秦接合部存在志留-泥盆纪岩浆活动,采用单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年方法测定侵入岩的形成时代为382~423Ma,即志留-泥盆纪.岩体以小岩株、岩脉及构造岩片产出,普遍受后期构造作用,多数以构造片岩卷入海西期苦海-赛什塘构造混杂岩带内.岩性有石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及二长花岗岩4种,属于典型的钙碱性系列.常量和微量元素特征及构造环境判别显示,其形成于岛弧或陆缘弧及同碰撞构造环境,反映了原特提斯洋壳俯冲消减及随后的陆壳碰撞过程.该阶段侵入岩在侵入时代和形成的构造环境上,与东昆仑早古生代岩浆活动一致,因此,昆秦接合部发育的志留-泥盆纪岩浆弧向西可与东昆仑早古生代岩浆岩带相接.志留-泥盆纪侵入岩产出的地质特征及其形成的构造环境进一步说明,昆秦接合部地区古特提斯多岛小洋盒形成于弧后扩张作用,与原特提斯洋的关闭紧密相关.      

Evidence for the Lower Continental Crustal Origin of the Xihuashan Granite

The Xihuashan granite is typically representative of the tungsten-bearing granites widespread in theNanling area of South China. It was considered in the past to have been formed by partial melting of the upper continental crust, with its source rocks most probably of the Sinian or Cambrian. However, detailed REE analyses, studies of the Rb-Sr isotopic system and melting experiments of metasedimentary rocks all argue against this idea. Moreover, stable isotopic data also indicate a deep source origin for S, C, H and O. The authors thus propose a genetic concept of the lower continental crustal source of the Xihuashan granite, and point out further that tungsten deposits related to this kind of granite are linked in some way to deep-seated structure and concentrated along NNE-NE- and ENE-striking major deep fault belts above the transitional zone between mantle uplift and mantle depression.     

辽北开原地区新太古代变质深成岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 年龄及地球化学特征

辽北开原地区新太古代变质深成岩位于华北板块北缘陆缘活动带东段,主要岩性为二长花岗质片麻岩、花岗闪长质片麻岩和英云闪长质片麻岩,其中英云闪长质片麻岩LA-ICP-MS锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄加权平均值为2489.6±9.1 Ma,为新太古代。新太古代变质深成岩属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩,准铝-过铝质岩石系列,轻稀土元素较富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具有下地壳或太古宙沉积岩部分熔融形成的特征。通过岩石学、岩石地球化学和构造环境及就位机制分析,结合邻区构造演化研究,认为辽北开原地区变质深成岩岩浆来自较浅的基性古陆壳局部熔融。大地构造位置可能处在洋壳与陆壳的接触带,说明新太古代清河断裂附近可能出现陆壳碰撞增生活动。闪长质-石英闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩体现了陆壳经历长时间的增生、造陆活动,已由早期的基性陆壳向现今的硅铝质陆壳转变。     

Tectonomagmatic setting and provenance of the Santa Marta Schists,northern Colombia: Insights on the growth and approach of Cretaceous Caribbean oceanic terranes to the South American continent

Metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks accreted to the northern South American continental margin are major vestiges of the Caribbean oceanic plate evolution and its interactions with the continent. Selected whole rock geochemistry, Nd–Sr isotopes and detrital zircon geochronology were obtained in metabasic and metasedimentary rocks from the Santa Marta and San Lorenzo Schists in northernmost Colombia. Trace element patterns are characterized by primitive island arc and MORB signatures. Similarly initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-ε_Nd isotopic relations correlate with oceanic arcs and MORB reservoirs, suggesting that the protoliths were formed within a back-arc setting or at the transition between the inta-oceanic arc and the Caribbean oceanic crust. Trace element trends from associated metasedimentary rocks show that the provenance was controlled by a volcanic arc and a sialic continental domain, whereas detrital U/Pb zircons from the Santa Marta Schists and adjacent southeastern metamorphic units show Late Cretaceous and older Mesozoic, Late Paleozoic and Mesoproterozoic sources. Comparison with continental inland basins suggests that this arc-basin is allocthonous to its current position, and was still active by ca. 82 Ma. The geological features are comparable to other arc remnants found in northeastern Colombia and the Netherland Antilles. The geochemical and U/Pb detrital signatures from the metasedimentary rocks suggest that this tectonic domain was already in proximity to the continental margin, in a configuration similar to the modern Antilles or the Kermadec arc in the Pacific. The older continental detritus were derived from the ongoing Andean uplift feeding the intra-oceanic tectonic environment. Cross-cutting relations with granitoids and metamorphic ages suggest that metamorphism was completed by ca. 65 Ma.     

华南花岗岩物源成因特征与陆壳演化

华南不同时代的花岗岩按物质来源及成因可划分为:幔源(分异)系列:幔-壳混源(同熔)系列;壳源改造(重熔)系列和幔-壳混源碱性系列等四个不同的系列,简要阐述了划分四类系列的岩石学、地球化学的依据。侧重根据Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素成分,以二元混合模型计算了花岗岩源区物质组成中,上壳和亏损地幔组份各占的比例。在此基础上探讨了不同物源成因系列花岗岩形成与华南陆壳演化的内在联系:东安、雪峰旋回褶皱系阶段花岗岩物源成因类型比较多样,有幔源(分异)系列、不成熟壳源、成熟壳源改造(重熔)系列等;加里东,海西期以陆壳改造(重熔)系列为主;印支、燕山期活化区(地洼)阶段,在地幔活化激发下,中国东部陆缘形成幔—壳混源(同熔)系列花岗岩和相应的火山岩;但沿内部断裂带,在壳下地幔热传输及构造作用下引起陆壳重熔,形成属于壳源改造(重熔)系列花岗岩。同位素的研究证明了:地洼阶段的构造-岩浆活动主要动力是来自壳下地幔的活化。     

The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar, Xinjiang

The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern area of East Junggar, located between the Ertix andUlungur rivers of northern Xinjiang, may be divided into basic and acid ones. It is evident that a compositionalgap exists between the two groups so that the volcanic rocks are not in line with a calc-alkaline series becausethe intermediate rocks are absent in the area. The fact shows that the volcanic rocks are a typical bimodal asso-ciation. The formation of the bimodal association of volcanic rocks in the area was closely related to continen-tal rifting or continental extension in the Middle Devonian. In such a tectonic setting, magmas were first pro-duced by partial melting of the mantle. Where crustal thinning was greater, the magmas ascended and eruptedon the surface directly so that the basic volcanic rocks formed, but olivine and/or partial pyroxenefractionation occurred in the magmas during their ascent through the thinning crust. On the other hand, wherecrustal thinning was less, ascending mantle-derived magmas reached the lower crust and accumulated there, re-sulting in partial melting of the lower crust and thus giving rise to the contaminated magma which was consoli-dated as acid volcanic rocks on the surface.     

西昆仑地区元古宙岩浆侵入作用及构造-岩浆演化过程

通过对西昆仑地区元古代侵入岩的岩石类型、形成时代和岩石地球化学资料的综合分析,探讨各个构造单元侵入岩形成期次、岩石成因及构造-岩浆演化过程。铁克里克断隆带元古宙中酸性侵入岩以A型花岗岩为主,是塔里木板块古老基底在高温低压条件下发生部分熔融的产物。西昆仑造山带古元古代和中元古代早期中酸性侵入岩为钙碱性I型花岗岩,是变玄武岩在低温条件下部分熔融条件下形成的,而古元古代晚期和新元古代中酸性侵入岩则是高温条件下老基底岩系部分熔融而形成的A型花岗岩。甜水海地块仅发育新元古代侵入岩,为S型花岗岩,是高温高压环境下甜水海地块古老基底部分熔融而形成。根据侵入岩岩浆演化规律,将西昆仑地区元古宙划为4个演化阶段:12 426~1 567Ma:以铁克里克断隆带A型花岗岩为代表的塔里木板块陆内演化,以西昆仑造山带钙碱性-拉斑质I型花岗岩为代表的陆缘弧。21 301~1 000Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均以陆内演化性质的A型花岗岩为主。31 000~851 Ma:甜水海地块S型花岗岩可能是陆-陆碰撞导致地壳加厚的产物,指示甜水海地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆的一员发生聚合拼接作用。4815~644 Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均存在碱性基性岩浆岩和A型花岗岩的双峰式侵入岩组合,指示塔里木地块和西昆仑地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆组成部分,在该阶段发生了裂解作用。通过对元古宙侵入岩的系统分析,西昆仑地区不同构造单元地壳演化有一定差异,经历了不同演化过程。