致密砂岩层内强钙质胶结物成因机制及其意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组为例

通过岩心和薄片观察,利用荧光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜、同位素质谱仪、冷热台等设备,对鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组强钙质胶结砂岩及其附近含油砂岩开展研究。结果表明：钙质胶结是致密砂岩储层含油非均质性的主要因素,胶结期次主要为一期;簇同位素揭示该期钙质胶结物的形成温度为18~42℃,对应地质时代为中晚三叠世—中侏罗世,为早成岩期产物,推测与盆地早期小规模构造运动相关;相邻的含油砂岩中油气包裹体伴生的同期盐水包裹体的均一化温度为90~120℃,结合盆地模拟揭示油气主要为一期充注,充注期为100~130 Ma,处于早白垩世;长7油层组不含油致密砂岩内钙质胶结物形成时间早于含油砂岩内石油的充注时间。     

应用流体包裹体研究致密砂岩储层多期油气充注历史——以鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区延长组长8段砂岩为例

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾地区延长组长8段致密砂岩储层为例,利用流体包裹体岩相学、微束荧光光谱及显微测温等分析方法, 厘定油气充注期次和时间,同时结合储层成岩演化,探讨储层致密化与油气成藏过程。研究表明,储层孔隙沥青呈黄色和蓝白色荧光, 并以蓝白色为主;石油包裹体呈黄色、黄绿色及蓝白色荧光,并以后两者居多。与黄色荧光石油包裹体同期的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为 80℃～90℃; 而与黄绿色和蓝白色荧光石油包裹体同期的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰分别为105℃～115℃和110℃～120℃。研究区储层主要经历了3期烃类充注：第一期发生在早白垩世早期（138～130Ma）,表现为少量的低熟油充注;第二期发生在早白垩世晚期（124～105Ma）,为关键成藏期,与大规模成熟油充注相关; 第三期发生在晚白垩世（85～73Ma）,古油藏发生调整,再次成藏。储层早成岩阶段以机械压实、薄膜状绿泥石、高岭石及微晶方解石胶结为主,在中高孔渗条件下发生了早期石油充注;随着继续压实,石英加大、孔隙填充绿泥石、高岭石及亮晶方解石胶结发育,储层逐渐致密化 晚期石油在低渗致密储层内的运聚成藏主要受早期烃类充注路径控制。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油区铁边城区块长8储层成岩致密化及其与油气成藏关系

通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X衍射、高压压汞和流体包裹体等多种测试分析,系统研究了鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油区东南部铁边城区块延长组长8油层组致密砂岩储层的岩石物性、成岩作用和致密化过程及其与油气充注成藏的时序关系。结果表明,研究区长8储层岩石类型以细粒岩屑长石砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低,储集性能较差,平均孔隙度为7.34%、平均渗透率为0.11×10~(-3)μm~2,属于较为典型的(特)低孔-超低渗致密储层,成岩作用类型以压实、胶结和溶蚀作用为主,成岩演化阶段主体已进入中成岩A期;储层成岩-致密化过程先后经历了早成岩A-B期压实+胶结减孔、中成岩A_1期溶蚀增孔+胶结减孔、中成岩A_2期胶结减孔3个主要阶段。早白垩世末(100 Ma)最大埋深之前的压实和胶结作用是储层致密化的根本原因,造成孔隙度分别降低了21.14%和14.0%,溶蚀增加的孔隙度仅为1.76%;早白垩世中期2个主要幕次(123 Ma和105 Ma)的大规模烃类充注-成藏事件开始发生时,储层孔隙度已在晚期胶结作用影响下降至7.82%,成为典型的(特)低孔-超低渗致密砂岩储层,因而具有"先致密、后成藏"的特征。     

黄河口凹陷BZ27构造沙河街组砂岩储层致密化与油气充注关系

基于岩石薄片、X衍射定量分析、流体包裹体偏光-荧光分析和包裹体均一化温度等资料,对黄河口凹陷BZ27构造沙河街组沙一二段致密砂岩储层的特征、形成机理及其致密化过程与油气充注史的时序关系进行了系统分析。研究结果表明,研究区致密砂岩演化过程具有明显的阶段性,其中,早成岩B期之前,主要受上覆岩层压实作用的控制造成原生孔隙的大量减少,但并未形成致密储层;早成岩B期之后,以碳酸盐胶结物为主的胶结作用的发生才是形成致密砂岩储层的主要因素。进一步根据储层致密化过程分析和油气成藏期确定的结果来看,BZ27构造沙河街组油气成藏表现为先致密后成藏的特点,在致密化过程早期伴随有一期小规模的烃类充注,而在距今6Ma的烃类大规模充注之前,储层已完全致密。     

岩石学组成及其成岩演化过程对致密砂岩储集质量与产能的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界盒8天然气储层为例

在岩心观察基础上,通过常规、铸体与荧光薄片镜下观察与定量统计,图像粒度与图像孔喉、毛细管压力、孔隙度与渗透率、流体包裹体均一温度测定,结合LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石微区U-Pb定年等物源示踪成果,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界盒8段致密砂岩的类型与岩石学组成及其成岩演化过程对各砂岩孔隙结构、储集性能与产能的影响.结果显示:砂岩类型、岩石学组分及其原始物性特征主要受源区母岩性质的控制,其经历的成岩演化过程存在一定差异,后者决定了各砂岩孔隙发育特征、储集性能的优劣及产能的大小.石英砂岩与岩屑石英砂岩经历了复杂的多期成岩作用过程,前者的粒间溶孔和高岭石晶间微孔与微溶孔发育,其储集性能及含气性最好;后者较发育的绿泥石薄膜保存了较多的原生粒间孔,加之粘土矿物与凝灰质填隙物中大量晶间微孔与微溶孔较发育,其储集性能与含气性次之.高塑性岩屑砂岩与钙质胶结砂岩经历的成岩演化过程相对较简单,前者经历早成岩阶段强烈压实作用后大部分已成为低孔低渗、部分成为致密储层;碳酸盐胶结物是导致钙质胶结砂岩低孔、低渗-致密储层的主要胶结物,此类砂岩经历中成岩阶段A期之后,基本成为致密的非储层.研究成果对于深入理解致密砂岩成岩-烃类充注演化序列及致密化过程与机理,寻找天然气储层“甜点”均具有重要的理论意义与实际意义.      

东海盆地西湖凹陷古近系花港组砂岩储层致密化与油气充注关系

东海盆地西湖凹陷致密砂岩气资源丰富,近年来古近系花港组成为勘探热点层位,但储层的致密化及与油气充注关系不明制约着花港组致密砂岩气的有效勘探和经济开发。在花港组储层特征的基础上,划分及厘定储层成岩作用类型与演化序列,恢复并揭示储层致密化过程及与油气充注的匹配关系。研究表明,西湖凹陷花港组储层砂岩主要经历压实、胶结和溶蚀3种成岩作用,压实作用是导致花港组储层孔隙损失和致密化的根本原因;并经历同生阶段、早成岩阶段(A、B期)和中成岩阶段(A、B期)共3阶段5期次的成岩演化过程;在中成岩阶段A_2期时成岩环境开始由酸性向碱性发生转变,并伴随着晚期碳酸盐、硅质等胶结作用发育以及机械压实作用持续增强,储层逐渐趋于致密化;结合与油气主成藏期(7～0 Ma)的耦合关系将研究区花港组储层划分为3种类型:成藏未致密型储层、成藏同步致密型储层、成藏已致密型储层。研究梳理了西湖凹陷花港组储层特征、成岩演化序列、储层致密化及与油气充注的耦合关系,为下一步研究区致密砂岩气的勘探提供理论支持。     

库车坳陷迪那2气田古近系砂岩储层孔隙构造-成岩演化

以岩芯观察和薄片鉴定为基础,辅以扫描电镜、黏土矿物X衍射、流体包裹体、油层物性分析等技术手段,结合区域油气地质研究成果,系统研究塔里木盆地库车坳陷迪那2气田古近系砂岩储层孔隙构造-成岩演化与致密化过程。结果表明:研究区砂岩储层经历了同生期碳酸盐、岩盐胶结—早成岩期压实作用、胶结作用和低熟烃类充注—中成岩期有机酸溶蚀、液态烃类充注—构造挤压、构造破裂、天然气充注和晚期碳酸盐胶结等构造-成岩序列和两次致密化过程。储层原始孔隙度平均仅为31.7%,沉积作用是其致密的内因;孔隙度演化至现今约5.8%。压实作用造成了20.8%的孔隙度损失,是储层初次致密的决定性因素;胶结作用减孔约6.59%,加剧了储层致密化程度;溶蚀作用和各种成缝作用增孔约4.28%,使初次致密的储层孔隙度最高可达11%以上。从12~5Ma的康村期储层孔隙度从14.5%减少至8.0%,完成初次致密化过程,且与迪那低幅构造油藏形成大致同步,即"边致密边成藏"。5Ma以来迪那油气藏构造幅度增大,强烈构造挤压减孔2.76%,是储层再次致密的主要因素,该时期侏罗系烃源岩大规模气侵形成现今气藏,亦为"边致密边成藏"。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区长8段储层非均质性及其结构模式

鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇泾探区的主力含油层段为上三叠统延长组长8段,油藏类型为典型的三角洲前缘分流河道砂岩岩性油藏,储层致密低渗,非均质性强,含油饱和度变化大,开展储层非均质性研究对认识储层内部结构、形成机制和甜点预测均具有重要意义。通过对长8段致密砂岩储层不同尺度的观察和采样测试,分析了储层层内非均质性特征及其成因机制,建立了致密砂岩储层结构型非均质模型。结果表明:镇泾地区延长组长8段致密砂岩储层的非均质性极强,表现为多期河道砂体的削蚀截切和无序叠置,即使在同一厚层块状砂体内,物性和含油性也存在较大差异。细粒沉积隔夹层、富软岩屑砂岩和钙质致密胶结砂岩在空间上的配置关系决定了碎屑岩储层的非均质性。不同期次河道的彼此改造、不同类型砂岩的差异成岩演化和石油的选择性充注,造成了延长组长8段砂岩储层的结构型非均质性及其含油性差异。     

川东建南地区须家河组储层特征及其差异演化过程

川东建南地区须家河组储层非均质性极强,致密化程度极高,为了查明储层差异演化过程,剖析储层差异演化控制因素,运用岩石学和岩石地球化学的多种实验方法,在详细刻画储层岩石学特征的基础上,划分了储层成岩相类型,查明了不同类型砂岩的物性特征和孔隙结构特征,分析了储层的差异性演化过程.研究区砂岩可以划分为4种成岩相类型,即强压实相、溶蚀相、硅质胶结相和强钙质胶结相.溶蚀相砂岩物性最好,强压实相砂岩次之,硅质胶结相和钙质胶结相砂岩物性最差.碎屑组分的差异是造成储层非均质性强和差异性演化的重要原因.塑性岩屑含量的差异,导致早成岩时期压实减孔程度的不同;长石含量的差异,影响了砂岩中溶蚀强度和方解石胶结程度;石英含量的差异,控制了砂岩中硅质胶结作用的强弱;最终,使得储层演化有先有后,空间分布非均质.      

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷深层侏罗系砂岩储层差异性成岩演化与烃类充注

储层有效性及成因机理是制约目前深层油气勘探的关键地质问题。本文以准噶尔盆地腹部阜康凹陷下侏罗统三工河组砂岩为研究对象,利用岩石薄片、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、稳定碳和氧同位素、流体包裹体等研究手段,分析储层成岩演化与烃类充注的动态关系,对深层储层有效性及形成过程进行研究。研究发现：三工河组储层主要由富塑性岩屑极细—细砂岩和相对富刚性颗粒中—粗砂岩2类岩石组成,它们在储层砂岩段内相互成层出现,在成岩演化和油气充注方面表现出很大的差异性。在储层深埋成岩过程中,富塑性岩屑极细—细砂岩以泥质塑性岩屑强烈机械压实和新生变形作用为特征,在第一期石油充注之前已变为致密储层,同期和后期烃类均不能充注。相比之下,刚性颗粒体积分数相对较高的中—粗砂岩中机械压实作用较弱,自生矿物类型多样,溶蚀作用亦较为普遍;这类砂岩至少经历了2期石油充注事件,成岩作用与烃类充注交替发生。富塑性岩屑极细—细砂岩构成储层内的隔夹层,可能引起油气运移的不均一性。     

Characteristics and Origin of Tight Oil Accumulations in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, North-Central China

The Upper Triassic oil accumulations in the Ordos Basin is the most successful tight oil play in China,with average porosity values of less than 10% and permeability values below 1.0 mD.This study investigated the geological characteristics and origin of the tight oil accumulations in the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Shanbei area based on over 50,000 petrological,source-rock analysis,well logging and production data.The tight oil accumulation of the Chang 6 member is distributed continuously in the basin slope and the centre of the basin.The oilwater relationships are complex.Laumontite dissolution pores are the most important storage spaces,constituting 30%-60% of total porosity and showing a strong positive relationship with oil production.The pore-throat diameter is less than 1 μm,and the calculated critical height of the oil column is much larger than the tight sand thickness,suggesting that the buoyancy was probably of limited importance for oil migration.The pressure difference between the source rocks and sandstone reservoirs is inferred to have provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration.Two factors of source-reservoir configuration and laumontite dissolution contributed to the formation of the Chang 6 tight oil accumulations.Intense hydrocarbon generation and continuous sand bodies close to the hydrocarbon kitchen are the foundation for the large-scale oil distribution.Dissolution of feldspar-laumontite during the process of organic matter evolution generated abundant secondary pores and improved the reservoir quality.     

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田延长组致密砂岩成藏机制分析

红河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷南部,上三叠统延长组处于常压或负压状态,储层致密低渗,成岩与成藏的时间关系在致密砂岩油气成藏动力学机制分析中至关重要。将流体包裹体显微岩相学分析、自生伊利石同位素年代学分析、生烃演化数值模拟和显微镜下观测统计等多种方法结合,研究了延长组储层致密化与石油成藏的时间关系,分析了低动力背景下的致密砂岩成藏机制。结果表明:红河油田延长组储层成岩与石油成藏协同发生,大规模成藏早于关键致密化事件。延长组油藏是在低动力背景下早期充注、优势通道、压差驱动等多种机制共同作用的结果,表现出早期选择性充注、后期继承性充注和浸染式扩展的特点。不同类型砂岩的成藏动、阻力耦合演变关系决定了强非均质性储层的差异成藏富集。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部致密储层非均质性特征及对成藏的制约

致密砂岩气藏是我国非常规油气资源的重要组成,其储层非均质性严重影响了致密气成藏和甜点区优选,进而制约了气田高效开发。为进一步揭示储层非均质性成因及对致密气成藏的影响,选取鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部山1段和盒8段致密储层为例,通过岩芯观察、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、生产和测井分析等技术手段,研究储层非均质特征,探讨沉积作用和微观孔隙演化对非均质性和成藏的影响。结果表明,储层非均质性多表现为层内粒度的垂向韵律性、夹层的不均匀分布、渗透率的平面分布差异等;储层非均质性受沉积作用和成岩作用共同影响,沉积作用控制了水动力条件、砂体展布、厚度和砂体构型,储层微观非均质性受岩矿组构和孔隙演化影响;不同厚度和构型的复合砂体,多样的矿物组分、孔隙结构,致密气的选择性充注,共同造成了苏里格地区致密储层的非均质性及含气性差异。复合砂体的高孔渗部位是致密气开采的甜点区,但是在优选有利区时不应只关注这些厚层的高孔渗砂体,也应关注规模小、非均质性稍强的透镜状砂体,需要充分考虑到储层非均质性对致密气成藏的影响。     

Diagenesis and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstones in the southern Ordos Basin,China

The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin is a tight sandstone but productive hydrocarbon exploration target. A variety of analyses, including thin-sections, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence, isotope and fluid inclusion, have been used to analyse the reservoir petrology and diagenesis to understand the evolution of reservoir porosity. The sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses with low porosities (7.6% on average) and extremely low permeabilities (0.49 mD on average). A complex diagenetic alteration history of the reservoir caused different kinds of reduction in reservoir porosity. The carbonate cements are sourced from adjacent organic-rich mudstone and precipitated with a higher content near the edges of sandstone units and a lower content at the centres of sandstone units, resulting in two different diagenetic evolution paths. The analysis of porosity evolution history and hydrocarbon emplacement produced the following conclusions: (1) during the eodiagenesis period, mechanical compaction reduced the primary porosity dramatically from 40 to 19%; and (2) during the mesodiagenesis period, the first-phase oil charged the reservoir (porosity ranging from 14 to 19%) as bitumen along detrital grains forming a preferential pathway for subsequent oil emplacements. In the second-phase of oil charge, the reservoir porosity ranged from 9 to 14% limiting water–rock reactions. During the third-phase of oil charge, porosity of the reservoir remained at 9%. In general, the densification period (with a porosity close to 10%) of the reservoir occurs at the same time as the major oil emplacement and may be an explanation for the low oil saturation of the Chang 8 tight sandstone.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油成藏控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育我国典型的低渗透和特低渗透油气资源,其油藏呈现出储层致密、储集砂体预测难度大、成藏机理复杂等特征.目前,根据勘探开发实践,长庆油田成功实现对渗透率大于0.3×10^-3μm²油藏的开发,目前正在开展渗透率为(0.1~0.3)×10^-3 μm²致密砂岩储层的技术攻关.笔者结合国外最新致密油气资源研究成果和鄂尔多斯盆地延长组低渗透油藏的特征,从延长组致密油分布、致密油流体特征、赋存状态、储集体和致密油形成的控制因素入手,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油形成与分布规律进行了探讨.确定了延长组致密油形成的控制因素:①长7优质烃源岩分布范围广,生烃强度大,为致密油形成提供了充足的油源供给和资源基础;②大面积广泛展布的复合叠加的碎屑岩储集体,为致密油藏形成提供了储集空间;③油页岩与致密砂岩互层共生,形成了近源成藏的有利配置关系;④成藏期生烃增压,致密储层石油充注程度高,为致密油形成提供了运移动力.     

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions: A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous(Th_(aq)) and oil incluisons(Th_0) within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_(aq) values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area:the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.     

致密砂岩储层致密化与成藏史耦合关系研究--以鄂尔多斯南部镇原-泾川地区延长组长8油层组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇原-泾川地区（简称镇泾地区）上三叠统延长组长8油层组是典型的致密砂岩储层。通过铸体薄片分析、阴极发光薄片分析、荧光薄片分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析、流体包裹体测试等多种分析测试方法对长8油层组储层开展了储层特征、成岩作用、油气充注时间与期次等研究,对孔隙度演化进行定量化分析,并基于成岩-成藏耦合关系的研究恢复了储层孔隙度的演化过程。研究表明,镇泾地区延长组长8油层组储层为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度与结构成熟度均较低,粒间充填钙质胶结物、硅质胶结物、自生黏土矿物等;储集空间以粒间溶孔、剩余原生粒间孔为主;储层处于中成岩阶段B期,发育了较强的压实作用、胶结作用,溶解作用相对较弱;储层致密化的主因为压实作用和胶结作用,分别造成减孔22.2%和14.6%,溶解作用增孔5.1%,交代作用增孔约0.6%。成藏早-中期储层未致密化,成藏晚期储层进入致密化阶段,总体储层致密化史-成藏史耦合关系为“先成藏,后致密”过程。     

Diagenesis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in the Xifeng–Ansai Area of Ordos Basin and its Porosity Evolution

This work aims to reveal the evolution of the porosity in the Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone reservoir of the Xifeng–Ansai area of Ordos Basin. Based on destructive diagenesis(compaction and cementation) and constructive diagenesis(dissolution) of sandstone reservoirs, this study analyzed the diagenesis characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoirs in this area, and discussed the relationship between sandstone diagenesis and porosity evolution in combination with present porosity profile characteristics of sandstone reservoir. The effect simulation principle was employed for the mathematical derivation and simulation of the evolution of porosity in the Yanchang Formation tight sandstone reservoirs. The result shows that compaction always occurs in tight sandstone reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation, and cementation occurs when the burial depth increases to a certain value and remains ever since. Dissolution occurs only at a certain stage of the evolution with window features. In the corresponding present porosity profile, diagenesis is characterized by segmentation. From the shallow to the deep, compaction, compaction, cementation and dissolution, compaction and cementation occur successively. Therefore, the evolution of sandstone porosity can be divided into normal compaction section, acidification and incremental porosity section, and normal compaction section after dissolution. The results show that the evolution of sandstone porosity can be decomposed into porosity reduction model and porosity increase model. The superposition of the two models at the same depth in the three stages or in the same geological time can constitute the evolution simulation of the total porosity in sandstone reservoirs. By simulating the evolution of sandstone reservoir porosity of the eighth member in Xifeng area and the sixth member in Ansai area, it shows that they are similar in the evolution process and trend. The difference is caused by the regional uplift or subsidence and burial depth.     

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组砂体成因与油气差异分布

勘探实践表明,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组油气资源丰富,但不同层系或相同层系油气富集存在明显差异.以鄂尔多斯陇东地区三叠系延长组长9油层组为例,基于大量岩心及钻/测井资料,对其岩性和岩石组合、沉积相类型及石油差异聚集特征进行系统分析.结果表明,陇东地区长9油层组是在鄂尔多斯古湖盆迅速扩大、水体逐渐加深背景下形成的,发育以西南方向物源为主的河控三角洲沉积及湖泊（重力流）沉积,其中三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝及浊积扇等砂体是长9油层组主要的储集砂岩成因类型.受水深、水动力强度以及古地貌等地质因素影响,三角洲前缘水下分流河相互切割叠置,沿主物源分散方向砂体具有“条”状、“带”状、“毯”状再到“席”状平面展布变化特征.陇东地区长9油层组内部原油差异聚集特征明显,油藏内部原油多聚集于水下分流河道、河口坝等厚层砂岩物性相对较好的部位,发育“自生自储”型和“上生下储”型两类油藏.长9油层组以长7黑色页岩为油源的Ⅰ类原油形成“上生下储”型油藏较为普遍,储层以水下分流河道、道-坝复合体砂岩为主,多为岩性、构造-岩性油气藏,沿各个主要物源口形成的三角洲连续分布.而以Ⅱ类原油为主“自生自储”型油藏的形成则与长9烃源岩互层产出浊积扇砂体密切相关,分布于志丹-华池-槐树庄林场一线临近长9油层组半深湖区.显然,“源”-“储”空间配置、砂体的空间连通性和储层物性是延长组长9油层组石油差异运聚的主控因素.