川西坳陷深层叠复连续型致密砂岩气藏成因及形成过程

川西坳陷深层上三叠统须家河组发育典型的致密砂岩气藏,由于该气藏多期构造演化、多期生排烃过程、多期成藏及储层致密化过程复杂的特点,其成因类型和成因机制经过多年的勘探和研究仍然存在争议。文章在剖析典型气藏的基础上,结合研究区构造演化、烃源岩生排烃史和储层致密化过程的研究,综合判识了致密气藏的成因类型,并分析其成因机制。研究结果表明：川西坳陷深层须家河组致密砂岩气藏具有“叠复连续资源潜力大、构造高点低点富气共存、高孔低孔储层含气共存、高压低压气层共存、气水分布复杂”的地质特征。目前气藏的成因类型为“后成”型致密气藏与“先成”型致密气藏的叠加复合型,属叠复连续型致密气藏。川西坳陷深层须家河组演化过程中存在浮力成藏下限和成藏底限,致密砂岩气藏形成和演化受控于2个界限控制下的3个流体动力场的分布和演化。叠复连续型致密砂岩气藏成藏过程可划分为4个阶段：①三叠纪沉积初至三叠纪末,初期天然气成藏条件准备阶段;②三叠纪末至中侏罗世末,早期常规气藏形成阶段;③中侏罗世末至晚侏罗世末,“先成”型致密气藏与“后成”型致密气藏形成阶段;④早白垩世至今,叠复连续型致密油气藏形成及改造阶段。     

论优质源储耦合关系的控藏作用:对比松南致密油与松北致密气成藏条件

为了更清晰地理解优质烃源岩和优质储层的耦合关系在致密油气成藏过程中的控制作用,本文应用地化测试、恒速压汞、常规压汞、含烃流体包裹体等多种资料,对比了松辽盆地南部致密油和松辽盆地北部致密气的成藏条件。研究表明：1）优质源岩生、排烃中心基本吻合超压高值区,超压到达的边界就是致密油气富集边界。2）孔喉结构约束下的松南泉四段优质储层渗透率下限为0.10×10^-3 μm²,松北沙河子组优质储层的渗透率下限为0.05×10^-3 μm²。3）时间上,形成致密油气藏的前提条件是源储之间应具备"先致密后成藏"的匹配关系,这是决定其成藏机理的根本;空间上,2个研究区的"甜点区"均发育在近源、强压、高渗的优质源储叠合部位,其展布特征受控于优质源储的空间耦合关系。     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富，是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域，受储层差异致密化影响，油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程，本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析，结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等，开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明，花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化，溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型；花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体，早期含油包裹体较多，晚期以天然气包裹体为主，成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期，以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似，反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主，低等生物为辅，与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力，此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

Burial History and Petroleum Entrapment in the Yaoyingtai Region of the Changling Fault Depression, China

This work aims to reconstruct the burial history of various kinds of sandstones penetrated by the well YS201 in the Yaoyingtai region of the Changling Fault Depression, southern Songliao Basin, China. Analyses of fluid inclusions in the reservoir rocks, combined with a review of the regional tectonic evolution, revealed the hydrocarbon accumulation stage and accumulation age of the Early Cretaceous Denglouku group and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir, which are the future exploration focus for deep gas reservoirs in this region. Acoustic time data and sedimentary rates calculated for sediments in the YS201 well yielded thicknesses for the Yingcheng, Nenjiang, and Mingshui groups of 506, 539.18, and 144.85 m, respectively, thereby revealing the burial history of the sediments in the well. Fluid inclusions of the Denglouku group reservoir and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir contain oil inclusions and hydro-carbonaceous salt water inclusions. The main peaks of the homogenization temperature and salinity of these saltwater inclusions in the first member of the Quantou group reservoir are generally 110–120℃ and 6 wt % –8 wt %, respectively, and for the Denglouku group are 130–140℃ and 4 wt%–6 wt%. The data for both reservoirs show only one main peak, indicating that they both have experienced single-stage accumulation. Combining the homogenization temperature of the reservoir fluid inclusions with the burial and thermal history of the sediments in the YS201 well, we infer that the hydrocarbon gas in these two intervals accumulated at 79 Ma(middle Late Cretaceous).     

储层致密化与油气充注的关系:以三肇凹陷白垩系扶余油层为例

为了明确松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层储层致密化与油气充注相关性,利用微米CT、流体包裹体显微分析、盆地模拟等方法,研究了该储层微观孔喉特征,且定量分析了其成藏期。根据储层孔隙演化信息分析了研究区储层致密化过程和油气成藏的关系。结果发现:三肇凹陷扶余致密储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉特征表现为窄喉道、宽孔隙、孔喉配置差、微细喉道总体积大等特征。压实作用和胶结作用为储层致密化重要成因,储层致密时间应该在嫩江组末之前。流体包裹体分析结果表明三肇凹陷扶余储层油充注分为早期和晚期,相应的充注时间分别距今77~74 Ma、67~65 Ma,分别对应于嫩江组沉积期和明水组沉积末期。综合对比扶余油层油气成藏历史和储层孔隙演化特征,认为原油充注发生储层致密化之后,即先致密后成藏。     

障壁坝砂体储层特征与成岩孔隙定量演化模式 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区本溪组为例

为明确海陆变迁背景下障壁坝砂体成岩孔隙演化规律,运用岩石薄片、扫描电镜及配套能谱、阴极发光等资料,对延长探区石炭系本溪组障壁成因砂体储集特征与成岩作用进行综合分析,并结合砂岩初始孔隙度恢复模型与薄片孔隙定量分析技术,开展基于埋藏热演化历程的储层孔隙演化参数定量评价,建立该区本溪组障壁坝砂岩孔隙定量演化模式。结果表明:储层砂岩以石英砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩及岩屑砂岩为主;孔隙度、渗透率平均值分别为4.72%和1.22×10^(-3 )μm^2;储集空间以溶蚀扩大孔、粒内孔、晶间孔为主;现今储层主体已达到晚成岩阶段;砂岩初始孔隙度平均值为38.1%,埋藏至今共经历了四个典型的成岩增/减孔阶段,即P_1～T_2(285～208 Ma)"低地温、快埋藏"的大幅减孔阶段(-30.7%)、T_2～J_3(208～153 Ma)"高地温、缓沉降"的溶蚀增孔阶段(+3.9%)、J_3～K_1(153～96 Ma)"高地温、稳埋深"的减孔定型阶段(-6.6%)、K_1至今(96 Ma～)"低地温、晚隆升"的弱改造阶段。     

川西坳陷什邡地区蓬莱镇组天然气藏特征及成藏过程分析

川西坳陷什邡地区蓬莱镇组气藏属于浅层常规—致密砂岩次生气藏,其形成机制不同于下伏须家河组储层的致密砂岩气。研究区内主要发育岩性圈闭,天然气来自于下伏须家河组煤系烃源岩及部分受到调整和改造的须家河组原生气藏,经长距离运移后在蓬莱镇组圈闭中聚集成藏。气层集中在蓬莱镇组中上部,天然气干燥系数大,以煤型气为主。流体包裹体分析表明,研究区内蓬莱镇组共经历3期热流体活动,前两期分别为液态烃充注及气液混合烃充注,但并未形成规模油藏;第3期为大规模天然气充注,对应成藏时间为晚白垩世晚期至古近纪早期(78~34Ma)。在此基础上,结合地质构造演化、烃源岩生排烃期、储层致密化窗口及生储盖组合特征,确定了蓬莱镇组天然气藏的形成过程及成藏特征:蓬莱镇组下部储层在晚白垩世中期达到致密化,已不利于天然气聚集成藏;喜山运动时期,下伏须家河组气藏受到调整和改造,早期发育的深大断裂得以扩展,大量深部气源沿断层向上运移至蓬莱镇组中上部,形成了浅层次生气藏。     

松辽盆地北部长春岭背斜带油气成藏探讨

针对松辽盆地长春岭背斜带油气来源,油藏、气藏形成时期先后等问题仍存在分歧的研究现状,在前人研究的基础上从地球化学、构造、沉积、油气分布等方面出发并结合热史、生烃史,探讨松辽盆地北部长春岭背斜带油气成藏过程.研究认为:长春岭背斜带原油主要来源于王府凹陷上白垩统青山口组-段烃源岩,气源主要为两侧断陷深层煤系地层;天然气大约...     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷致密砂岩气藏成因类型

为深化对库车坳陷致密砂岩气藏成因类型的认识, 采集致密砂岩储层岩样, 开展了油气充注史和孔隙度演化史研究.通过流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温厘定了油气充注史, 利用沉积-构造-成岩一体化模型恢复了储层孔隙度演化史, 根据两者的先后关系, 划分了致密砂岩气藏的成因类型.结果表明, 依南2侏罗系气藏存在两期油气充注, 第一期是吉迪克期到康村期(23~12 Ma)的油充注, 第二期是库车期到现今(5~0 Ma)的天然气充注, 储层孔隙度在库车期前(12~8 Ma)降低到12%以下, 形成致密砂岩储层.迪那2古近系天然气藏存在两期油气充注, 第一期是康村期到库车期(12~5 Ma)的油充注, 第二期是库车期到现今(5~0 Ma)的天然气充注, 储层孔隙度在西域期(2~0 Ma)降低到12%以下, 形成致密砂岩储层.综合分析认为, 库车坳陷存在两种成因类型的致密砂岩气藏, 依南2侏罗系气藏致密储层形成之后充注天然气, 成因类型为"致密深盆气藏"; 迪那2气藏古近系致密储层形成之前, 天然气已大量充注, 成因类型为"致密常规气藏".这对深化库车坳陷致密砂岩气勘探与开发有重要意义.      

松辽盆地长岭断陷下白垩统天然气成因及气源分析

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷下白垩统登娄库气藏的成分复杂、来源多样,其成因及来源的确定对进一步的油气勘探有指导意义。从天然气组分、同位素特征等方面入手,对长岭断陷下白垩统天然气组分特征、成因类型进行分析,并结合地质分析确定天然气来源。认为除长岭2号和长岭6号气田为二氧化碳气藏外,长岭断陷下白垩统以烃类气藏为主。依据稳定碳同位素特征判定,哈尔金构造天然气是同源不同期的煤成气,伏龙泉构造泉一、三段天然气为油型气,登娄库组天然气为混合气,双坨子构造天然气主要是混合气,大老爷府构造天然气为油型气;而二氧化碳气藏则为慢源无机成因气。烃类气藏中显著的稳定碳同位素倒转现象为天然气扩散残余导致。以天然气成因分析为基础,结合地质分析认为,营城组和沙河子组是该地区烃类气体的主要供烃源。     

Evidence of the Near-Source Accumulation of the Tight Sandstone Gas in Northern Ordos Basin, North-Central China

The tight sandstone gas in Upper Paleozoic Formation of the northern Ordos Basin is a typical giant unconventional tight gas province. Evidences from geochemistry, reservoir geology and paleo-tectonic setting all verify that the present-day tight sandstone gas accumulation in the Ordos Basin is the result of near-source accumulation. The evidences are listed as following: tight sandstone gas is mainly distributed in the area with high gas-generating strength; gas composition was not subjected to fractionation; gas saturation significantly decreases with the distance away from the source rocks; gas isotopes suggest their origin is the same and maturity is consistent with in-place source rocks; reservoirs have experienced three types of densification digenesis, including intense compaction, siliceous cementation and calcareous cementation, which took place before the formation of a large amount of tight sandstone gas, forming tight reservoirs with low porosity and permeability, fine pore throat and great capillary resistance; the paleo-structural gradient ratio is small from the main hydrocarbon generation period to present. It is indicated the present distribution of tight sandstone gas in the northern Ordos Basin is the result of near-source and short-distance migration and accumulation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田延长组致密砂岩成藏机制分析

红河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷南部,上三叠统延长组处于常压或负压状态,储层致密低渗,成岩与成藏的时间关系在致密砂岩油气成藏动力学机制分析中至关重要。将流体包裹体显微岩相学分析、自生伊利石同位素年代学分析、生烃演化数值模拟和显微镜下观测统计等多种方法结合,研究了延长组储层致密化与石油成藏的时间关系,分析了低动力背景下的致密砂岩成藏机制。结果表明:红河油田延长组储层成岩与石油成藏协同发生,大规模成藏早于关键致密化事件。延长组油藏是在低动力背景下早期充注、优势通道、压差驱动等多种机制共同作用的结果,表现出早期选择性充注、后期继承性充注和浸染式扩展的特点。不同类型砂岩的成藏动、阻力耦合演变关系决定了强非均质性储层的差异成藏富集。     

High-precision geochronology of the Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and its stratigraphic implications for Songliao Basin,China

The Songliao Basin in Northeast Asia is the largest and longest-lived rift basin and preserves a near-continuous continental succession of the most of the Cretaceous period, providing great material to investigate the adaption of the terrestrial systems to the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and tectonic events. However, the paucity of precise and accurate radioisotopic ages from the Early Cretaceous strata of the Songliao Basin has greatly held back the temporal and causal correlation of the continental records to the global Early Cretaceous records. Three tuff layers intercalated in the Yingcheng Formation have been intercepted by the SK-2 borehole, which offer excellent materials for radioisotopic dating and calibration of the chronostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequence of Songliao Basin. Moreover, the Yingcheng Formation recorded the largest and the last of the two major volcanic events in Songliao Basin, which also represents a turning point in the basin evolution history of Songliao from syn-rift stage to post-rift stage. Here we report high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS technique on three tuff samples from the Yingcheng Formation of the SK-2 borehole in the Songliao Basin to construct a greatly improved, absolute age framework for the Yingcheng Formation and provide crucial age constraints for the Songliao Lower Cretaceous Strata. The new CA-ID-TIMS geochronology constrained the Yingcheng Formation at 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma to ca. 113 Ma, correlating to the Albian Stage. Combined with the previous published Songliao geochronology, the Quantou Formation is constrained to between 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma and 91.923 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the Denglouku Formation is constrained to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the age of the Shahezi Formation is estimated at ca. 113 Ma to ca. 118 Ma, which could extend to ca. 125 Ma in some locations in Songliao Basin. The major unconformity between the Yingcheng Formation and the Denglouku Formation, which represents the transition of the basin from syn-rift to post-rift is thus confined to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma. This is roughly contemporaneous with the change in the direction of the paleo-Pacific plate motion from west-southwest to north or northwest in mid-Cretaceous, suggesting their possible connections.     

Melut盆地富含CO2油气藏的成因及期次

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.      

伏龙泉断陷白垩系油气成藏规律及优势储层特征

伏龙泉断陷是松辽盆地东南隆起区的次级构造单元,处在反转构造较为强烈的背斜带上。在研究区基本成藏条件研究的基础上,总结了伏龙泉断陷油气成藏规律及优势储层特征。伏龙泉断陷油气主要来自沙河子组和营城组的烃源岩;成藏期分为三期:泉头组—嫩江组沉积时期、嫩江组沉积末期构造运动时期、嫩江组沉积末期构造运动之后至现今。构造是控制伏龙泉断陷成藏的重要因素,断陷深部油气藏具有先成藏后致密、近源早成藏的特征,早期成藏的储层具有好的物性条件;浅部油气藏均为次生油气藏,成藏受嫩江组末期构造运动控制。     

Petroleum geology and exploration direction of gas province in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin,Australia

North Carnarvon Basin is a gas province with minor oily sweet spots in deepwater area with water depth more than 500 m, which is one of the hot spots of global petroleum exploration for its series of giant hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years. However, the degree of oil and gas exploration in deepwater area is still low, and the conditions for oil and gas accumulation are not clear. Based on the current exploration situation and latest database of fields, applying multidisciplinary analysis of hydrocarbon geology, hydrocarbon accumulation elements and its exploration direction of North Carnarvon Basin in deepwater area are analyzed. The results show that there are three sets of main source rocks in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin, which are Triassic marine shale in Locker Formation and delta coal-bearing mudstone with thin carbonaceous mudstone in Mungaroo Formation, Lower –Middle Jurassic paralic carbargilite and coal measure strata in Athol Formation and Murat Formation, Cretaceous delta mudstone in Barrow Group and marine shale in Muderong Formation. Most source rock samples show gas-prone capability. The coarse sandstone of delta facies in Middle–Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation is the most important reservoir in deepwater area, Lower Cretaceous Barrow Group deep-water gravity flow or underwater fan turbidite sandstone is the secondly main reservoir. Lower Cretaceous marine shale in Muderong Formation is most important regional caprock. Triassic mudstone in Mungaroo Formation is an important interlayer caprock in deepwater area. There are two main reservoir accumulation assemblages in deepwater area, one is Triassic structural-unconformity plane reservoir accumulation assemblage of Locker Formation to Mungaroo Formation, and the other is Lower–Middle Jurassic Athol Formation and Murat Formation–Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic lithology-structural reservoir accumulation assemblage of Barrow Group to Muderong Formation. There are three main control factors of hydrocarbon Accumulation: One is coupling of source and seal control hydrocarbon distribution area, the second is multi-stage large wave dominated deltas dominate accumulation zone, the third is direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-rich generation depression was controlled by overpressure. The south of Exmouth platform in deepwater area is adjacent to hydrocarbon rich depression zone, reservoir assemblage is characterized by “near source rocks, excellent reservoir facies, high position and excellent caprocks ”, which is the main battlefield of deepwater oil and gas exploration in North Carnarvon Basin at present. There are a lot of fault block traps in the northern structural belt of Exmouth platform, and the favorable sedimentary facies belt at the far end of delta plain in Mungaroo Formation is widely distributed, which is the next favorable exploration zone. The Lower Cretaceous, which is located at the concave edge uplift adjacent to the investigator depression and the Exmouth platform, also has a certain exploration prospect in northwest of deepwater area.     

松辽盆地北部火山岩锆石SHRIMP测年与营城组时代探讨

前人对松辽盆地营城组的时代存在不同认识。利用松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷区营城组广泛发育的中—酸性火山岩取芯资料,开展了详细的火山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明营城组火山岩年龄集中在113—111Ma之间,属于早白垩世晚期的Aptian与Albian界线附近,从而明确该套火山岩应发育在营城组中上部的新认识,并由此说明营城组的顶界已跨入Albian。因此,认为松辽盆地营城组的时代为Hauterivian到Albian。     

松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组沉积微相研究及有利区带预测

应用录井、测井、地质和地震资料,研究了松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区上白垩统姚家组萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组的沉积微相,并采用沿层地震属性分析技术,分析了河道砂体的展布特征,利用拟合分析进行验证,结果表明萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组沉积相为三角洲前缘亚相,其微相类型有水下分流河道、河口坝和分流间湾,已有的勘探成果也证实水下分流河道砂体是油气的有利聚集区,结合构造发育情况,预测了松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区构造岩性油气藏勘探的有利区带     

致密砂岩储层致密化与成藏史耦合关系研究--以鄂尔多斯南部镇原-泾川地区延长组长8油层组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇原-泾川地区（简称镇泾地区）上三叠统延长组长8油层组是典型的致密砂岩储层。通过铸体薄片分析、阴极发光薄片分析、荧光薄片分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析、流体包裹体测试等多种分析测试方法对长8油层组储层开展了储层特征、成岩作用、油气充注时间与期次等研究,对孔隙度演化进行定量化分析,并基于成岩-成藏耦合关系的研究恢复了储层孔隙度的演化过程。研究表明,镇泾地区延长组长8油层组储层为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度与结构成熟度均较低,粒间充填钙质胶结物、硅质胶结物、自生黏土矿物等;储集空间以粒间溶孔、剩余原生粒间孔为主;储层处于中成岩阶段B期,发育了较强的压实作用、胶结作用,溶解作用相对较弱;储层致密化的主因为压实作用和胶结作用,分别造成减孔22.2%和14.6%,溶解作用增孔5.1%,交代作用增孔约0.6%。成藏早-中期储层未致密化,成藏晚期储层进入致密化阶段,总体储层致密化史-成藏史耦合关系为“先成藏,后致密”过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部致密储层非均质性特征及对成藏的制约

致密砂岩气藏是我国非常规油气资源的重要组成,其储层非均质性严重影响了致密气成藏和甜点区优选,进而制约了气田高效开发。为进一步揭示储层非均质性成因及对致密气成藏的影响,选取鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部山1段和盒8段致密储层为例,通过岩芯观察、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、生产和测井分析等技术手段,研究储层非均质特征,探讨沉积作用和微观孔隙演化对非均质性和成藏的影响。结果表明,储层非均质性多表现为层内粒度的垂向韵律性、夹层的不均匀分布、渗透率的平面分布差异等;储层非均质性受沉积作用和成岩作用共同影响,沉积作用控制了水动力条件、砂体展布、厚度和砂体构型,储层微观非均质性受岩矿组构和孔隙演化影响;不同厚度和构型的复合砂体,多样的矿物组分、孔隙结构,致密气的选择性充注,共同造成了苏里格地区致密储层的非均质性及含气性差异。复合砂体的高孔渗部位是致密气开采的甜点区,但是在优选有利区时不应只关注这些厚层的高孔渗砂体,也应关注规模小、非均质性稍强的透镜状砂体,需要充分考虑到储层非均质性对致密气成藏的影响。