GIS支持下的机场三维净空管理系统的研究与开发

通过研究《民用机场飞行区技术标准》(MH,50001-2013)对进近面、过渡面、内水平面、锥形面、内进近面、内过渡面、复飞面和起飞爬升面组成的障碍物限制面定义的基础上,基于GIS技术,开发了机场三维净空管理系统.该系统可以按照相应的标准自动生成单跑道或双跑道障碍物限制面,辅助进行净空管理,极大地减少机场选址或者机场净空管理中障碍物评定的工作量,具有可视化、数字化、智能化的优点,在民航领域高速发展的今天具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于World Wind的机场障碍物评估

考虑到机场周围障碍物对飞行安全的影响,文章提出一种基于World Wind的障碍物评估方法。该方法根据机场环境和飞行程序设计要求建立OAS面数学模型,对给定的数据进行分析计算;对World Wind进行二次开发,实现障碍物与OAS面关系的三维可视化,结合客观数据分析和三维仿真结果给出评估报告;并分析障碍物对导航信号遮蔽影响,完成对障碍物的进一步评估。通过对天津机场障碍物验证分析表明,该方法对障碍物评估计算结果与ICAO使用的专业软件结果一致,并且更便捷直观,同时通过研究障碍物对某DME台信号的遮挡影响,结果证明能够准确地计算DME信号近距有效覆盖范围。     

机场净空限制面及障碍物位置图的制作

机场净空限制面及障碍物位置图,是了解掌握限制面和障碍物关系的专业地图。文中分析了机场交空限制面及障碍物的特点,论述了应用计算机处理数据、制作机场净空面及障碍物位置三维图的过程和技术,并介绍了立体图的动态显示和应用。     

机场净空限制面内障碍物点三维测量

绘制机场净空限制面及障碍物位置图,是了解掌握净空限制面和障碍物关系的专用图。文中阐述了应用三维导线测量作为基本控制,以三维前方交会测量障碍物点的平面和高程的方法,为绘制机场净空限制面和障碍物关系专用图提供可靠依据。     

机场净空限制面内障碍物点三维测量

绘制机场净空限制面及障碍物位置图,是了解掌握净空限制面和障碍物关系的专用图,文中阐述了应用三维导线测量作为基本控制,以三维前方交会测量障碍点的平面和高程的方法,为绘制机场净空限制面和障碍物关系专用图提供了可靠依据。     

基于ArcEngine与OGR库的Shapefiles文件到KML格式转换方法研究

Google Earth的问世,给GIS行业注入了新的活力,但对GIS的核心和重要功能--空间分析的支持几乎为零.本文首先使用ArcGIS Engine实现了Shapefiles文件的缓冲区分析功能,然后通过ArcGIS Engine和OGR库把缓冲区分析结果的Shapefiles文件转换为KML格式,从而将缓冲区分析的结果在Google Earth中显示出来,间接地增强了Google Earth缓冲区分析的功能.     

基于Google Earth管线巡检系统地图数据的制作方法研究

本文简明介绍了Google Earth的基本状况,阐述了其优缺点。为了弥补Google Earth的缺点以满足管线巡检系统的要求,本文提出了向Google Earth叠加影像数据和基础地理数据的思想,文中详细介绍了叠加影像数据和基础地理数据的原理和技术,以及如何利用这些数据,并以德阳市为例进行实现。最后提出了在Google Earth进行商业开发存在的几点问题。     

机场净空限制面数学模型构建及三维可视化实现

机场净空管理是机场运行指标的重要组成部分.本文通过对机场净空规格进行分析,建立了机场净空区障碍物限制面的数学模型.在此数学模型的基础上使用ArcGIS系列软件建立净空限制面三角网高程模型,并进行三维显示,为使用地理信息系统进行净空管理莫定了基础.     

基于Google Earth的特大型施工控制网优化方法

以清水海供水及水源环境管理工程特大型施工控制网为实例,分析了控制网优化设计的具体思路和流程,剖析了解析法或模拟法优化设计的优缺点,提出了采用Google Earth软件配合常规模拟法优化设计的新思路,详细介绍了Google Earth在控制网优化设计中应用的具体方法,充分利用Google Earth软件丰富的地理信息资料和直观三维模型进行选点布网和确定通视情况,阐述了采用Google Earth软件配合常规模拟法优化设计的优点。     

利用Google Earth解决控制测量生产中大数据量影像带来的难题

探讨了利用Google Earth辅助进行像片控制测量控制点布设的优点,介绍了利用Google Earth进行像控点布设的方法和作业流程。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。