离子交换分离富集无火焰原子吸收法测定岩石中痕量铂,钯,金

在10％的王水介质中,采用717阴离子交换树脂交换富集Pt、Pd和Au,与大部分阳离子分离,被吸附的Pt、Pd和Au用硫脲解脱后以无火焰石墨炉原子吸收法进行测定。方法简便、快速,检测限低。各元素的特征量分别为Pt5.8γ×10~(-11)g,Pd8.9×10~(-12)g,Au7.72×10~(-12)g。方法已成功地用于岩石矿物中痕量Pt、Pd、Au的测定。     

胜利油田富CO2含金流体及有关成因问题

本文分析了胜利油田火山岩中的Au含量,发现CO_2气藏区火山岩和非CO_2气藏区火山岩中Au含量有明显区别:前者合Au很高,平均327×10~(-9),最高2150×10~(-9);而后者含Au很低,平均只有2.5×10~(-9)。这一基本事实提供了CO_2与金矿化间联系的直接地质证据,指出了在中国东部郯庐断裂两侧找寻新的金矿资源的方向与可能性。研究表明,地幔及其岩浆去气对形成富CO_2含Au热液系统有重要的贡献,而一个由深部稳定热源驱动、富含地幔及其岩浆去气带入的CO_2和Au并与地壳浅部流体混合的热液环流系统是形成重要金矿化的必要条件。     

四（4—三甲铵苯基）卟啉与金的显色反应研究及应用

研究了Cd(Ⅱ)作催化剂,Au(Ⅲ)与T(4-TMAP)P和二苯胍形成三元络合物的条件,Au(Ⅲ)含量4～200ng/ml内呈线性关系,ε_(410)=6.62×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。测定9份含Au 2.0pg的标准溶液,其RSD=0.87％。所拟方法适用于测定矿样中痕量Au。     

混合吸附剂分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中铂钯金

贵金属分析应用火试金法分离富集时,试金配料复杂、耗时较长,分析成本相对较高,空白较难控制.本文建立了采用过氧化氢-盐酸湿法分解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定地质样品中Pt、Pd、Au的分析方法.在10％的盐酸介质中,以LSC-400巯基树脂和活性炭为混合吸附剂,采用动态吸附方式对样品中的Pt、Pd、Au分离富集,用Lu作内标元素,195 Pt、197 Au、108 Pd为待测同位素消除了非谱线干扰和谱线干扰,三元素的回收率均大于96.4％.方法检出限(3σ):Pt为0.06 ng/g,Pd为0.08 ng/g,Au为0.12 ng/g,优于火试金等其他分离富集方法的检出限.应用于测定国家标准物质,Pt、Pd、Au的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差均小于16.1％,满足区域地球化学调查样品的分析要求.该方法操作简便、成本低廉,提高了分析速度,有效地降低了测试过程的空白值.     

阴离子交换树脂-活性炭动态吸附无火焰原子吸收法测定矿石中的微量金铂钯

采用717阴离子交换树脂-活性炭分离富集矿石中的微量Au、Pt、Pd。40μg待测元素富集结果表明,Au、Pt、Pd的回收率分别为100%、95.3%和96.3%。以HC l为介质在无火焰原子吸收仪上测定。方法经对国家一级标准物质GBW 07291、GBW 07292分析检验,结果与标准值相符。对GBW 07291国家一级标准物质测定7次,其精密度(RSD)分别为:Au 9.4%、Pt 11.2%、Pd 3.0%。方法适用于矿石中10-6~10-9量级Au、Pt、Pd的测定。     

胜利油田富CO2含金流体及有关成因问题

本文分析了胜利油田火山岩中的Au含量，发现CO2气藏区火山岩和非CO2气藏区火山岩中Au含量有明显区别前者含Au很高，平均327×10-9,最高2150×10-9;而后者含Au很低,平均只有2.5×10-9。这一基本事实提供了CO2与金矿化间联系的直接地质证据,指出了在中国东部郯庐断裂两侧找寻新的金矿资源的方向与可能性。研究表明，地幔及其岩浆去气对形成富CO2含Au热液系统有重要的贡献，而一个由深部稳定热源驱动、富含地幔及其岩浆去气带入的CO2和Au并与地壳浅部流体混合的热液环流系统是形成重要金矿化的必要条件。     

中国东部地幔岩中的金含量及其意义

本文分析了中国东部65件地幔岩包体及其寄主岩石中的金含量,并有重要发现。除金含量异常的样品外,玄武岩及其中地幔岩包体的金含量分别在0.2×10~(-6)～5.3×10~(-9)和1.0×10~(-9)～8.2×10~(-9)之间,其中包体平均含金3.8×10~(-9),玄武岩平均含金2.7×10~(-9)。金伯利岩及其中地幔岩包体的     

铜试金预富集-辉光放电质谱法测定贵金属矿样中痕量铂钯铱金

对利用铜试金预富集后辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)测定贵金属矿样中痕量Pt、Pd、Ir、Au的方法进行了探索性研究。着重考察了铜试金条件的选择和辉光放电电极的匹配、质谱的测定条件和测定方法等。分析结果表明,痕量(μg级)贵金属元素Pt的含量在1.99~15.0μg,回收率为92.0%~111.9%;Pd的含量在3.15~29.78μg,回收率为88.4%~113.3%;Ir的含量在0.12~0.60μg,回收率为68.3%~100.0%;Au的含量在10.43~24.08μg,回收率为98.9%~127.0%。方法可应用于矿石、矿物及其他物料中痕量贵金属的分析。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量铂、钯

本文提出了用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析方法。对富集铂、钯的条件,共存离子的干扰情况以及在GF-2000型石墨炉中测定铂、钯的最佳条件进行了研究。样品用王水分解后,在10％的王水介质中,用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯,以热的硫脲溶液解脱,在拟定的工作条件下,于石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪上进行测定,大量的共存离子不干扰测定。方法简便快速,检出限分别为Pt8.8×10~(-9)g/ml,Pd3.4×10~(-9)g/ml,方法的相对标准偏差分别为Pt7.09％Pd11.48％,适用于地质样品中铂、钯的测定,结果令人满意。     

TSC大孔螯合树脂对金铂钯的吸附特性及其在岩矿分析中的应用

本文研究了TSC大孔螯合树脂对贵金属Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)和贱金属Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)等的吸附特性。测定了树脂在不同酸度下对Au(Ⅲ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ)的饱和吸附容量。研究结果表明,该树脂可从稀HCl、稀王水溶液中定量吸附Au(Ⅲ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ),而贱金属离子则不被吸附。吸附在树脂上的Au、Pt、Pd可被5％硫脲溶液洗脱,洗脱液中的Au、Pt、Pd可分别用火焰和无火焰原子吸收法测定。标准加入回收率为97—107％。通过对MGI-Au-07,MCM-02标准样品和其它样品的测定,说明应用本法可获得满意的结果。     

Comparison of Recoveries by Lead Fire Assay and Nickel Sulfide Fire Assay in the Determination of Gold/ Platinum/ Palladium and Rhenium in Sulfide Ore Samples

We compared the recovery of gold, palladium and platinum by two fire assaying procedures, using nickel sulfide and lead as collectors. The presence of appreciable amounts of sulfide minerals in the sample caused interferences in both procedures. An in-house reference sample, a reference sample of high-grade sulfide ore and samples of high sulfide content from the Recsk porphyry copper ore in Hungary were analysed by both methods. The elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission (ICP-AES) and/or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that for the sulfide ore samples, the recoveries of Au and Pd are sometimes lower by nickel sulfide fire assay than by lead fire assay. Recovery of Re by nickel sulfide fire assay was found to be low: the average recovery of five repeated analyses of the reference sample NIST SRM 330 was 9% with a relative standard deviation of 48%. Increasing the amount of S in the fusion flux gave better recovery.     

铂族元素中子活化分析的微型镍锍试金预富集方法研究

建立了适用于小样品(≤1g)中铂族元素分离富集的微型镍锍试金流程。讨论了试金熔剂、捕集剂的用量和比例,以及熔炼条件。化学回收实验显示铂族元素全流程回收率≥90%,分析精密度(RSD,n=6)为4.3%~7.7%。标准参考物质分析显示分析值与标准值基本吻合,表明所建立的微型镍锍试金流程是可靠的。     

火试金用铅箔标准样品的研制

遵循《标准样品工作导则》GB/T 15000系列标准和YS/T 409—1998行业标准,研制了火试金用铅箔标准样品,样品加工厚度为0.1～0.2 mm,质量3 g,呈正方形。利用方差法对标准样品进行均匀性检验,并委托6家权威实验室采用火试金富集-原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对金和银进行定值,用狄克逊法和夏皮罗-威尔克法检验分析数据。结果表明,研制的铅箔标准样品均匀性良好,金和银的标准值分别为0.011 g/t、0.313 g/t,定值结果准确;Au属于似正态分布,Ag属于正态分布。铅箔标准样品用于实验室火试金法分析金、银等贵金属矿物,效果良好,已经被批准为行业标准样品,编号为YSS045-2009。     

Platinum-Group Elements and Gold Determination in NiS Fire Assay Buttons by UV Laser Ablation ICP-MS

The direct analysis of nickel sulfide fire assay buttons by UV laser ablation ICP-MS was used to determine the platinum-group elements and gold in the following reference materials: UMT-1, WPR-1, WMG-1, GPt-4, GPt-6 and CHR-Bkg. The instrument was calibrated with buttons prepared using quartz doped with the appropriate standard solutions. Analytical precision (RSD) was generally better than 10%, although occasional higher RSDs may infer local heterogeneities within nickel sulfide buttons. Good or excellent agreement was observed between analysed and reference material values except Rh in UMT-1 and WMG-1, which suffered an interference from copper. Detection limits calculated as 10 s quantitation limits were Au (1.7 ng g⁻¹), Pd (3.3 ng g⁻¹), Pt (8.3 ng g⁻¹), Os (1.3 ng g⁻¹), Rh (1 ng g⁻¹), Ru (5 ng g⁻¹) and Ir (0.7 ng g⁻¹).     

锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定煌斑岩中铂族元素

试金配料中适量加入铁粉,控制硫化铁在锍扣中的含量在20%~40%,获得的锍扣直接用水浸泡粉化后加盐酸分解,分解结束后趁热过滤,沉淀用1mL王水溶解,定容后上机测定,Cs作内标。改进后的方法空白水平进一步降低,检出限得到显著改善,分析流程简化。采用改进后的锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定了云南哀牢山金矿带煌斑岩和国家一级标准物质GBW 07288(GPt-1)、GBW 07290(GPt-3)中的铂族元素(PGEs)含量,方法检出限为0.001~0.01ng/g,精密度(RSD,n=5)为7.49%~16.6%。     

Comparison of Silver and Gold Inquarting in the Fire Assay Determination of Palladium/Platinum and Rhodium in Geological Samples

The classical lead fire assay is still the most important method for the pre-concentration and separation of Ag, Au and some of the platinum-group elements (PGE) in the analysis of geological materials. The most frequently used fire assay procedure is the determination of Au, Pd and Pt with Ag as collector. When Au is used instead of Ag as a collector, Pd, Pt, Rh and possibly Ir can also be determined. In this study the recoveries by Au and Ag collectors, also called inquarts, were compared in the fire assay analysis of Pd, Pt and Rh in geological reference materials. The amount of gold to be added was optimised. Variable recoveries were obtained with Ag inquart for Rh, but a 2 mg inquart of Au gave good recoveries for all three of these elements in the analysis of reference samples of different geological materials. A procedure, alternative to scorification, to overcome interferences caused by base metals in the cupellation step is presented. The procedure involves cutting the Pb button into pieces and analysing the pieces separately. Prior to this, a homogeneity study of the lead button was made, and it showed that Pd, Pt and Rh were evenly distributed in the Pb button. All determinations were made using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).     

地质样品中铂族元素的分析测定方法

文中阐述并归纳了近年地质样品中铂族元素的分离、富集及测试方法方面的最新进展。铂族元素本身的超痕量性,要求实验过程中对空白值的控制,干扰元素的扣除和检测限的降低更为严格,同时要克服块金效应。文中对消解过程中常用的火试金法、酸溶、碱熔方法和卡洛斯管法(Carius tube),分离富集过程中的Te共沉淀和离子交换法,测试手段中的原子光谱法、中子活化法和等离子质谱法等方法的最新进展进行了总结。由于复杂的地质样品中PGE的浓度范围不一、赋存形式多样,要求在具体样品分析过程中灵活地搭配使用各种分离富集和检测方法,结合笔者所在实验室在实验过程中发现的问题,对各种不同类型地质样品中铂族元素的分离富集、样品处理及测定方法也进行了总结。     

Determination of the Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in Twenty Rock Reference Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after Pre-Concentration by Nickel Sulfide Fire Assay

The platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold have been determined in twenty international rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by a nickel sulfide fire assay. It was possible to achieve determination limits for a 50 g sample that ranged from 1 pg g^-1 (Rh) to 23 pg g^-1 (Au). Compared to published certified and recommended values for rock reference materials, the trueness of the method was found to be good. However, in some cases we observed large deviations for all elements in the sub 10 ng g^-1 range within individual reference sample splits. Our results show that the PGE and Au are inhomogeneously distributed in the reference materials analysed here, where they are present in low concentrations, using 50 g test portions.     

锍镍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硫铁矿中铂族元素

锍镍试金常用于富集常规地质样品中的铂族元素(PGEs);而用于富集硫铁矿中的PGEs鲜有报道。硫铁矿中硫和铁的含量较高,采用常规的试金配方不能得到较好的锍扣,影响下一步样品的溶解和过滤。本文对锍镍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硫铁矿中PGEs的流程进行改进。针对硫铁矿中硫和铁含量高的特点,在不减少称样量的情况下,调整常规锍镍试金中的试剂配方,获得了理想的锍扣和熔渣,使锍扣富集PGEs的能力达到最佳,且避免了由于反应时间过长而造成PGEs损失。同时利用硫化铁易剥落和粉化的特点,省去了锍扣的机械粉碎工序,简化了流程,避免了碎扣时的机械损失和样品间可能的交叉污染。结果表明,高含量的铁对PGEs的测定无显著影响。加标回收试验显示PGEs全流程回收率大于94%。按10 g取样量计算,方法检出限分别为Ru 0.018 ng/g,Rh 0.017ng/g,Pd 0.18 ng/g,Os 0.019 ng/g,Ir 0.013 ng/g,Pt 0.11 ng/g。实际样品分析和加标回收试验表明,改进后的锍镍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定流程可以满足大多数硫铁矿中PGEs的测定要求。