气象因子对大悟县花生产量的影响分析

从湖北省大悟县1994—2010年逐年花生产量资料中分离出随气象因素变化的气象产量,分析了花生气象产量率和气温、降水量、日照时数等气象要素的相关关系,并且建立了基于气象因子的大悟县花生产量预测模型。研究表明,播种期热量不足,始花期日照过量是影响花生产量的主要因素;下针期充足热量、适量降水和日照有助于花生增产。夏花生播种的起始气温为22.2°C,始花期日照时数临界值为53.2 h,下针期气温临界值为28.9℃,降水量临界值为45.7 mm,日照时数临界值为83.8 h。     

用通径分析方法探讨气候条件与花生产量的关系

花生的生长发育、产量受遗传基因、栽培条件及许多环境因素的影响,前二者可以通过人工育种、改善栽培条件来控制,而环境条件,尤其是气候条件的作用较为复杂,本文主要利用通径分析方法,探讨了气象因素对花生产量与产量构成性状的影响,为花生育种及预测发育期、产量提供依据。     

黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地花生农业气象服务指标研究

利用2019—2020年黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地代表区的花生直播覆膜分期播种农业气象观测试验资料,依据试验结果并利用相关分析和气候保证率等方法,得出盐碱地花生发育期观测指标、气象服务指标和适播期指标,以期为进一步有效开展盐碱地花生气象服务提供技术参考。结果表明,依据规范定义选取的盐碱地花生各发育期照片具有代表性,可以直观反映花生各发育期的特点并作为统一的观测指标;各发育期内的生物量、产量因素均与气象因子密切相关,选择相关显著因子并利用保证率的方法可以计算得到盐碱地花生各发育期的上下限气象指标,其中全生育期活动积温指标一般为2 968.0～3 335.7℃·d,过少则可能导致植株早衰不宜于荚果充盈成熟,过多则宜造成旺长不利于后期干物质形成,进而影响产量;花生的适播期指标为4月26日至5月9日,在此期内播种,更利于发掘适应当地气候资源的花生发育进程,有效发挥盐碱地花生的高产潜力。     

开封市花生产量与气象因素的关联度分析

运用灰色关联度分析理论,对开封市2001-2010年花生产量和气象因素的关联度进行分析.研究结果显示开封市花生产量与各气象因素之间的关联度按照由大到小依次排列为:8月份平均气温＞7月份平均气温＞6月份平均气温＞6月份光照＞5月份平均气温＞8月份光照＞6月份降水＞5月份降水＞7月份降水＞5月份光照＞8月份降水＞7月份光照.开封花生产量与气温条件的关联度最大,特别是在花生播种期间,平均气温仍然不稳定,容易受冷空气的影响,不利于花生的出苗和生长,因此选择适宜的播种期,对提高产量十分重要.花生进入荚果发育期,要特别注意防范暴雨洪涝和连阴雨天气对花生产量造成的不利影响.花生播种需要适宜的土壤水分含量,如果降水量不足,要及时造墒,降水量过多、墒情过湿要晾墒.花生开花期如果降水量不足,土壤干旱会使开花数量减少甚至开花中断.荚果成熟期如果降水量不足,会严重影响花生荚果的充实和含油量的提高.因此在花生开花期和荚果发育后期如果降水量偏少,应及时采取人工灌溉,增加土壤含水量,以提高花生产量.     

肥城花生高产的气象条件分析

利用肥城市气象局1995-2010年地面气象资料,对肥城市统计局提供的1995-2010年的肥城花生产量进行了分析,发现了花生生长的不同阶段对水分、热量、光照的需求不同。适宜的温度、降水和良好的光照,是肥城市花生优质高产的主要气象条件。     

莒县花生产量预报方法初探

以往的县级农作物产量的气象预测预报方法中,都是直接将实际产量与趋势产量的余差序列(y—y(t)=yw)与各气象要素进行比较分析来制作产量预报,而对随机误差却很少考虑或忽略不计,这样做往往会出现一些难以拟合的较大误差,预报质量也随之降低,这种情况在气候条件优越的地区犹为明显。本文就莒县花生生产过程中的具体天气状况,考虑误差yε,对花生产量预报作初步尝试。     

广西玉米、花生、柑桔农业气象产量预报技术方法的研究

一、研究内容 本课题主要研究早中玉米、春花生、柑桔三种作物的社会产量变化与气象条件的关系,揭示产量年际波动的原因,找出影响产量的主要气象因子,建立产量农业气象预报模式,进而开展产量预报、气候评价、年景分析和产量形成过程中的动态监测等,为农业生产及有关部门决策提供科学依据。     

最小绝对误差和回归在产量预报中的应用

研究作物产量与气象条件的相互关系,建立产量的气象预报模式,从而进行客观的分析和预报,这是气象科技为农业经济服务的一条有效途径,已逐步成为各级台站的正常业务。我们在作物产量预报服务过程中,探讨应用了最小绝对误差和回归方法,并试报了烟台市近三年的花生单位面积产量。结果表明,这种方法精度较高,并且比常规的最小二乘法回归具有一定的优越性,可以投入业务使用。     

掌握气象条件夺取花生高产

花生是俺大队的主要经济作物,种植面积占总耕地面积的40％。为了探讨花生高产的途径,我们对花生各生育期的气象条件进行了反复试验、观测,并对1970年以来历年花生生育过程中的气象条件进行了分析研究,初步弄清了温度、降水、光照等主要气象因素与花生生产的关系,为提高花生产量、改革耕作制度探索了新途径。 花生是一种喜温作物,对温度的要求很严格。据我们观察,花生种子萌动发芽的最适宜温度是5厘米地温稳定在18—20℃。有关资料上关于大花生在15℃、小花生在12℃即可发芽的提法,是指的花生发芽的下限温度。低于这个下限温度会烂种,如果只保持这个温度也会延长花生的出苗期,甚至20多天不出苗。有的则根茎粗肿,出来的苗也很弱。而温度高于24℃虽然出苗快(一般5天左右即可出苗),但苗子细弱、     

吉水县花生种植中的气候问题及其对策

针对气候条件对花生生产的影响,浅析出花生种植中的气象灾害问题,并提出了防御对策。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...