中国高岭土矿床时空分布规律

中国高岭土矿产资源丰富,矿床类型齐全且分布广泛,是一种重要的战略性非金属矿产.前人对高岭土矿床研究、地质勘查和资源开发利用都做了大量工作,积累了丰富资料,但缺少对高岭土矿床成矿和时空分布规律系统性的分析.本文在前人研究和对全国现有高岭土矿床和地质勘查资料系统分析基础上,选取了有代表性且数据比较齐全的521个高岭土矿床,以GIS空间分析为手段,详细研究了中国高岭土矿床的空间分布特点,绘制了中国高岭土成矿区带分布图,分析了中国高岭土矿床时空分布规律,为矿产资源空间分析建模和高岭土资源潜力评价提供了理论方法和依据.研究结果表明,中国高岭土矿床成因类型以风化型和沉积型为主,成矿时代以中、新生代最为重要;高岭土矿床集中分布在广东、广西、福建、陕西、江西、江苏等6省份;其中风化型高岭土矿床主要分布在华南地区,沉积型高岭土矿床以华北地区为主.在找矿方向上,南方易寻找风化残积亚型高岭土,北方宜寻找煤系沉积亚型高岭土;而热液蚀变型高岭土矿床有由南向北逐渐增多的趋势,寻找这类矿床可适当往北转移.     

我国非金属矿发展的重点

据“中国地质矿产报”报道,我国非金属矿行业将优先发展国民经济急需,国际市场畅销、创汇率高的产品。主要非金属矿种产品结构的发展方向如下: 饰面石材:重点发展红色、黑色、白色、绿色花岗石,开发单色及素雅花纹大理石;出口逐步转向大规格的板材,向国际标准靠拢。 高岭土:重点发展造纸涂料高岭土、煅烧超细高岭土及高纯细粉。 滑石:重点发展涂料、造纸、塑料、陶瓷化妆品、医药等多用途的滑石粉和超细滑石粉及无菌滑石粉。     

广东茂名高岭土的特性与应用研究

本文对茂名高岭土资源的地质、矿石、选矿工艺、产品性能和应用等内容做了研究和论述。茂名高岭土是我国罕见的优质高岭土,作为涂料,高岭土的质量可与英国S.P.S.土和美国的ALPHACOTE土相媲美。茂名高岭土的开发与应用,不仅将改变我国依赖进口造纸涂料高岭土的不合理局面,而且有可能打入国际市场。     

煅烧高岭土的开发与应用

本文主要介绍了高岭土煅烧反应机理和煅烧过程中高岭土的结构变化以及煅烧高岭土在电缆、造纸、涂料、耐火材料及化学工业等领域的实际应用。     

江西会昌县高岭土矿地质特征及其开发利用价值

江西会昌县高岭土矿众多,以往粗放式开采及落后的生产加工工艺,造成资源浪费及矿山效益较低。在前人工作的基础上,通过研究江西会昌县高岭土矿地质特征、采样化验、生产加工试验及开采技术条件,认为该县高岭土矿属风化型砂质高岭土,主要矿化类型为细晶岩型、花岗岩型和伟晶岩型,矿石质量较好,具有一定的资源量和开发利用价值,为进一步开展高岭土矿调查与评价提供参考。     

贵州高岭土的物质成分和热物理特性研究

利用X-射线衍射、电子探针、电子顺磁共振和红外光谱对贵阳、遵义和修文等地高岭土的物质成分和热物理特性进行了研究。根据高岭土的化学和矿物成分、颜色形成机理和白度,说明高岭土样品中含有铁和钛,并研究了它们对高岭土白度的影响 。不同地区高岭土样品的结构、形态、白度和颜色是不同的。高岭土中铁和钛存在的形式对其白度具有重要影响。此外,还测定了高岭土的热物理特性,发现了贵州高岭土具有小的热膨 胀系数和高的发射率,它的相变产物是莫来石和方英石。     

安徽庐枞地区高岭土资源及其开发利用

分析了区内高岭土矿形成机理及蚀变矿化组分特点,总结了有效的找矿标志。将区内高岭土分为硬质地开石、蚀变高岭土和沙质高岭土。通过可选性试验,软质高岭土可获得质量较好的精矿,质量符合造纸工业要求。     

煅烧高岭土的开发与应用

本文主要介绍了高岭土煅烧反应机理和为煅烧过程中高岭土的结构变化以及煅烧高岭土在电缆、造纸、涂料、耐火材料及化学工业等领域的实际应用。     

苏州阳西风化型高岭土矿物的形成与演化

苏州高岭土矿床可划分为两种成因类型^[1,2],即风化型¹⁾和热液蚀变型。高岭土集中分布在阳山东、西、北三个矿区。本文仅就阳西风化型高岭土中产出的不同种类高岭土矿物的形成及其互相演变的关系作初步探讨。     

胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附行为

研究了胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附行为 ,并运用X衍射、红外光谱和热重等分析方法 ,对复合前后的高岭土进行分析。结果表明 ,连续洗涤 6次后 ,可获得稳定的胡敏酸高岭土复合体 ;胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附符合Fruendlich吸附模式 ,Kf 为 0 .85 7;高岭土胡敏酸复合体的红外光谱出现了明显的C—H振动吸收峰 ;吸附行为主要表现为化学吸附 ,发生在铝的表面羟基吸附位上     

高岭土的深加工与新材料

煅烧高岭土由于晶体结构的改变而引起理化性能的变化，所表现出的性能更加优异。利用高岭土的特殊层状结构，将一些强极性有机小分子插入到结构层间，生成有机插层材料，这种新的复合物将黏土矿物和有机化合物的各自特性有机结合，极大地开阔了高岭土的应用领域和“档次”。以高岭土为原料而开发成功的Sialon材料，由于所具备的优越的力学性能、高温性能及化学稳定性等，在冶金、航空、化工机械和药学等方面显现出了极好的应用前景。地聚物材料是以偏高岭土、碱激发剂为主要原料，具有与陶瓷性能相似的一种新材料。     

豫西煤系高岭岩矿床特征及利用方向

介绍了豫西煤系地层高岭岩的分布特征，并通过对该区高岭土岩的宏观特征描述和X射线、差热分析、扫描电镜等各种测试结果的分析，阐述了该区煤系地层高岭岩的赋存规律和理化特征，指出本溪组上部和下石盒组底部大紫泥岩中的硬质高岭岩比较稳定且品位较优。同时，结合该区高岭岩加工厂利用情况，通过生产煅烧高岭岩的试验，认为豫西煤系高岭岩可用以生产造纸涂料和橡胶塑料系列产品，为煤矿综合开发有益资源提供了利用方向。     

宜昌煤系煅烧高岭土表面改性及其在电缆胶料中的应用

利用硅烷/脂肪酸复配偶联剂对煤系煅烧高岭土进行表面改性实验,通过红外光谱分析和活化率测定表明,硅烷偶联剂接枝到煅烧高岭土表面,改性的煅烧高岭土由亲水性变为亲油性;实验中探讨了煅烧高岭土的粒度和填充量对电缆胶料物理机械性能的影响.表面改性的煅烧高岭土用于电缆胶料,能明显提高其物理机械性能,各项指标达到或超过有关技术标准.     

The Zhuravlinyi Log eluvial kaolin deposit,Chelyabinsk District,Russia

The Zhuravlinyi Log deposit is located 12 km southeast of Plast City. The deposit was initially prospected in 1951 and 1952 under the supervision of V.G. Lyulicheva. The prospecting revealed the presence of kaolin of quality surpassing the raw material in the Eleninsk and Kyshtym deposits. Although a positive assessment was given, new prospecting and appraisal works were carried out under the supervision of V.I. Kakorin in the vicinity of the previously discovered deposit in 1985 taking into consideration recommendations given by the VNIIgeolnerud (renamed TsNIIgeolnerud) Federal State Unitary Enterprise. The results revealed several separate white and pale kaolin deposits. Exploitation of the deposit was started even before its exploration. Construction of the Plast-Rifey dressing plant was completed during the exploitation of the central ore body. Follow-up exploration of the deposit completed in 2006 confirmed that the dry kaolin equivalent reserves of categories B + C₁ according to the Russian classification (approximately corresponding to the measured + indicated reserve in the western classification) and category C₂ (approximately corresponding to the inferred reserve) are estimated at 11.05 and 5.55 Mt, respectively. The Zhuravlinyi Log deposit is a major supplier of kaolin products fitting the standards of paper, fine ceramics, fiberglass, chemical reagents, and others. The present paper based on the exploration data attempts to show specific features of the geological setting of this deposit, as well as the mineral composition and properties of kaolin therein.     

The South Ushkoty Eluvial Kaolin Deposit in the Southeastern Orenburg Region

The South Ushkoty eluvial kaolin deposit discovered and explored by the authors is situated 20 km away from the railway in the Dombarov district of the Orenburg region. The deposit is localized in the axial zone of the East Ural Uplift. Leucogranites of the Upper Ushkoty Pluton serve as bedrocks. The deposit comprises five lodes, among which the largest deposit has a reserve of 40 Mt. The lodes are erosion remnants of the well-developed linear-areal weathering zone related to the fragments of Mesozoic peneplain at the hypsometric level not lower than 360 m. Variation of the kaolin zone thickness, the entire weathering zone, and the deposit morphology is largely governed by the nearly meridional and northeastern faults. Two productive zones—the normal kaolin (kaolinite + quartz) zone and the alkaline kaolin (kaolinite + quartz + potassium feldspar and/or muscovite) zones—are recognized in the weathering profile of leucogranites of the Upper Ushkoty Pluton. The alkaline kaolin is of commercial significance as a complex raw material if the potassium oxide content is above 3.5%. The composition and properties of the concentrated kaolin meet the requirements of its traditional consumers (fine ceramic works, paper mills, and others). The discovery of the South Ushkoty deposit confirmed the previous forecast on considerable prospects of the Orsk Transural region for kaolin. We hope that this discovery will stimulate the further investigation and assessment of resources in the Mugodzhary kaolin-bearing subprovince.     

广西合浦清水江高岭土矿的矿物学研究

广西合浦清水江高岭土矿床属花岗岩蚀变型.在区域地质背景概况调查及矿区地质特征、矿石自然品级分布研究的基础上,在矿区内7个不同地点采集样品并分离提纯.样品的X射线粉晶衍射分析表明黏土矿物主要由高岭石和伊利石组成;热分析显示了矿物的相变过程;扫描电镜观察显示高岭石为片状;其化学成分以比较低的铁、钛含量为特征;漂白作用对黄色和红色黏土的白度改善非常明显,小于2μm的颗粒分布占80%左右.这些特征表明广西合浦清水江高岭土的品质优良,具有广阔的开发利用前景.     

Kaolin-Kohlentonsteine im flözführenden Oberkarbon des Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlenreviers

Starting from general considerations of the rocks existing in the Ruhr Carboniferous and the mineral layers in coal seams, an informative review is given about the definition of clay stones and kaolin coal tonsteins as well as about the stratigraphic distribution of key horizons with special regard to the kaolin coal tonsteins. Information follows about the first evidence of individual kaolin coal tonsteins, their existence in the normal geologic columns and more recent stratigraphic sections as well as about the concentration of repositories. Besides, the kaolin coal tonsteins are characterized according to their macroscopic and microscopic external form. The paper reports about their material constituents (mineral components, trace elements, anorganic chemical constituents and organic substances in form of coal hydrates and amino acids). The paper closes with some statements about the importance and utilization of kaolin coal tonsteins to solve local and regional duties in mining geology.     

湖南省高岭土资源概况

湖南省探明高岭土１．３６亿吨。分布在长江－汨罗－岳阳，醴陵，耒阳－常宁，衡山，怀化－淑浦等５个区内。主要为花岗岩风残积型，次要为长石石英化残积型，亦有沉积型，经工业应用试验，可作陶瓷原料，橡胶填料，造纸涂料等。     

Structural-morphological features of kaolinite from clayey rocks subjected to different stages of lithogenesis: Evidence from the Voronezh anteclise

This paper reports the results of precision structural-morphological study of kaolinite from clayey rocks taken in various areas of the Voronezh anteclise subjected to different stages of lithogenesis: primary kaolins of the weathering crust, proluvial-talus and lacustrine secondary kaolins, as well as lacustrine-swampy fireproof and deltaic-lagoonal refractory clays. The clayey material was transported over more than 300 km. The formation of the fireproof and refractory kaolin deposits in the Voronezh anteclise was related to the Devonian and Early Cretaceous stages of the geological evolution of the region. In terms of spatiotemporal and facies features, the studied genetic series of the kaolin clay deposits is unique. It was established that the sequential structural-morphological evolution o kaolinite in the considered deposits was caused by its mechanical disintegration during transport and redeposition. Interrelation between organic and mineral matters in the fireproof clays was revealed for the first time. Experimental studies of the behavior of kaolinite during sequential grinding and heating confirmed the main reasons for its natural degradation. The formation of virtually monomineral kaolin clays was provoked by the “flow-through” diagenesis, which is similar to weathering in trend. Evolution of mineral matter of the considered genetic series in kaolinite clay deposits was accompanied by the increase of δ¹⁸O values and their dispersion. Peculiarities identified in the behavior of kaolinite and related oxygen isotope characteristics of different-aged denudation and redeposition products of the Devonian weathering crust can play an indicator role in studying different stages of the lithogenesis of clayey rocks.