GPS／GLONASS载波相位测量模糊度解算方法

GPS／GLONASS组合载波相位测量，在快速静态和动态定位等方面的应用具有一定的优势。由于GLONASS采用频分多址的方式识别卫星，每颗卫星的载波频率各不相同，所以在载波测量数据处理中不能采用与GPS载波相位测量数据处理相同的方法。文中就GLONASS、GPS／GLONASS组合载波相位测量整周模糊度解算的基本思路和方法进行了介绍。     

GPS／GLONASS组合点定位模型及其精度分析

GPS与GLONASS系统的联合应用有利于提高单点定位的精度及稳定性。文中简要介绍GPS／GLONASS等导航系统，讨论GPS／GLONASS组合单点定位算法，并采用拉萨IGS站的观测数据计算分析GPS与GLONASS伪距单系统以及组合系统单点定位精度。结果表明组合定位精度优于单系统定位。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合单历元姿态测量性能对比分析

相比于单一卫星导航系统,多卫星导航系统组合具有显著增加可用卫星数目、改善卫星空间几何结构等优点,因而多卫星导航系统组合应用成为近年来关注的热点。在复杂观测条件下,利用BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合进行载体姿态测量具有单系统无法比拟的优势。首先阐述了BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合超短基线解算的双差模型以及姿态测量基本原理;然后分析了BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合多频单历元姿态测量性能。通过实测静态数据设置不同高度截止角进行分析表明:相比于单系统及双系统组合的姿态测量,BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合能够有效地提高姿态测量的精度、稳定性和可用性。当运动载体处于高楼、峡谷等受遮挡严重的复杂环境时,BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合单历元姿态测量更具有应用价值。     

GPS/GLONASS载波相位测量模糊度解算方法

GPS/GLONASS组合载波相位测量,在快速静态和动态定位等方面的应用具有一定的优势.由于GLONASS采用频分多址的方式识别卫星,每颗卫星的载波频率各不相同,所以在载波测量数据处理中不能采用与GPS载波相位测量数据处理相同的方法.文中就GLONASS、GPS/GLONASS组合载波相位测量整周模糊度解算的基本思路和方法进行了介绍.     

遮挡环境下GPS／GLONASS／Galileo组合PPP性能分析

对于城市遮挡环境下单GPS系统精密单点定位(PPP)性能较差的问题,本文采用多系统融合来改善PPP性能,通过不同卫星高度角,将城市四周环境分为正常环境、一般遮挡、较重遮挡等三种环境.分别采用GPS、GPS／GLONASS、GPS／Galileo、GPS／GLONASS／Galileo不同的模式,对香港4个连续运行参考站进行遮挡环境下的静态PPP模拟实验,结果表明:多系统组合能够有效弥补城市四周遮挡环境下卫星的不足,并且GPS／GLONASS、GPS／Galileo、GPS／GLONASS／Galileo组合相对单GPS系统下的PPP性能有着不同程度的改善.      

组合GPS／GLONASS精密定位的观测值随机模型

为了获得组合GPS／GLONASS精密定位结果，该文从理论和数值实例两方面分析了研究组合GPS／GLONASS观测值随机模型的重要性，提出了两种利用观测值的误差残差估计随机模型的方法，即验后估计法和方差－协方差迭代法。理论和数值结果表明，这两种随机模型估计方法与采用经验随机模型相比，可以提高整周模糊度解算的可靠性和定位精度，所提出的观测值随机模型估计方法理论上更严格，实践上可行，并建议采用方差－协方差迭代法估计组合GPS／GLONASS精密定位的观测值随机模型。     

组合GPS/GLONASS在车辆导航和监控系统中的应用探讨

给出了基于卡尔曼滤波的组合GPS／GLONASS伪距单点实时动态定位的原理,并通过模拟实验表明组合GPS／GLONASS可以改进单独GPS车辆导航和监控系统的定位精度和可幸性,为车最GPS在高楼林立的城区或其它可视条件受限制地带的应用提供了保证。     

GPS/GLONASS卫星导航系统组合定位的定权方法研究

正确合理地确定观测值的权是GPS/GLONASS导航系统组合定位中的一个关键技术问题。本文对GPS/GLONASS导航系统组合定位中几种常用的定权方法进行了比较分析,并以GPS/GLONASS的实测数据为例进行了实验,结果表明:在GPS/GLONASS导航系统组合定位中等精度定权的定位结果精度较差,卫星高度角定权和误差分布律概率密度函数定权后的定位结果精度相当,但较等精度定权法的定位精度都有所提高,赫尔默特方差分量估计法定权的定位结果精度最优。     

组合精密单点定位在航空动态测量中的应用

本文利用实际飞行的航空动态数据,以传统差分GPS解算结果作为参考,分析了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位在航空动态测量中的应用。试验结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(大于6颗)时,GPS/GLONASS组合对提高定位精度不明显,但可提高定位的可靠性,获得较小的PDOP值;当GPS观测卫星数少于4颗时,采用GPS/GLONASS组合系统仍可获得厘米级的定位结果,保证了动态测量的连续性。     

组合GNSS系统定位数据质量与精度比较分析

本文对组合GNSS系统进行静态相对定位测量与RTK测量试验,研究结果表明:在静态相对定位测量中,BDS的数据利用率、多路径效应误差优于GPS与GLONASS,BDS的定位精度优于GLONASS略低于GPS;组合系统中GPS/BDS与GPS/BDS/GLONASS的定位精度较优,引入GLONASS对定位精度改善的作用不明显。在RTK测量中,当观测条件理想时,GPS/BDS较GPS可见卫星数目多,PDOP值低,中误差小。当观测条件较差时,GPS/BDS较GPS可见卫星数目多,PDOP平均值低,中误差小,限差内固定解获得时间减少76.1%;GPS/BDS/GLONASS较GPS/BDS在中误差、水平精度和垂直精度上更优,限差内固定解获得时间更稳定可靠。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位算法研究

实现了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK定位算法,介绍了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK数学模型,解决了多模融合导航定位时空基准统一问题,并针对附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波函数模型,提出了一种确定实时动态定位中卡尔曼滤波参数的方法。编制了BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位程序,并对28 m超短基线及31 km短基线实测数据进行了解算。对比分析了BDS、GPS、GLONASS、BDS/GPS、BDS/GLONASS、GPS/GLONASS、BDS/GPS/GLONASS七种模式下的定位结果。     

GPS／GLONASS组合定位中模糊度的处理

在对GPS／GLONASS组合定位的周跳探测和修复方法进行深入研究的基础上，论述了适合于两种数据联合解算的GPS／GLONASS模糊度迭代处理方法及相应的基于FARA方法的整周模糊度固定方法。在现有BERNESE Ver4.0GSP数据处理软件的基础上，增加及改进了其中的若干模块，从而研制出组合定位系统高精度数据处理软件，并进行了试验计算。结果表明，所开发的组合定位系统数据处理软件内、外符合精度均达到mm级，证明了这种高精度相对定位理论、方法、软件的正确性和可行性。     

GPS/GLONASS相位差分的数据处理方法

由于GLONASS与GPS在系统上存在差异 ,致使GLONASS的载波相位差分的数据处理与GPS的有明显的不同 ,必须使用特殊的方法。本文给出了GPS、GLONASS及GPS/GLONASS联合相位差分的数学模型和一种数据处理方法 ,并对实测数据进行处理 ,给出了双卫星系统的定位结果及结果分析     

GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位算法

论文介绍了GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位模型,将GLONASS双差观测方程的模糊度参数表示成参考卫星的单差模糊度和双差模糊度参数;用误差分析法证明了单差模糊度按实参数估计不影响基线解算精度,而GLONASS双差模糊度必须按整参数进行解算;用Helmert方差分量估计确定GPS和GLONASS观测值的合理权比。实际观测数据处理结果表明：GPS/GLONASS组合定位较单一系统解算的基线精度均有提高,尤其比GLONASS单系统的解算精度有显著提高,比GPS单系统的精度也有适当提高,其中单历元基线解算精度约提高了10%,当单一系统的可用卫星数少于4颗时,GPS/GLONASS组合定位更具有应用价值。     

Modeling and assessment of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning

A combination of GPS and GLONASS observations can offer improved reliability, availability and accuracy for precise point positioning (PPP). We present and analyze a combined GPS/GLONASS PPP model, including both functional and stochastic components. Numerical comparison and analysis are conducted with respect to PPP based on only GPS or GLONASS observations to demonstrate the benefits of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP. The observation residuals are analyzed for more appropriate stochastic modeling for observations from different navigation systems. An analysis is also made using different precise orbit and clock products. The performance of the combined GPS/GLONASS PPP is assessed using both static and kinematic data. The results indicate that the convergence time can be significantly reduced with the addition of GLONASS data. The positioning accuracy, however, is not significantly improved by adding GLONASS data if there is a sufficient number of GPS satellites with good geometry.     

Rapid PPP ambiguity resolution using GPS+GLONASS observations

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) in precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS observations has been well studied. The main challenge remaining is that the first ambiguity fixing takes about 30 min. This paper presents improvements made using GPS+GLONASS observations, especially improvements in the initial fixing time and correct fixing rate compared with GPS-only solutions. As a result of the frequency division multiple access strategy of GLONASS, there are two obstacles to GLONASS PPP-IAR: first and most importantly, there is distinct code inter-frequency bias (IFB) between satellites, and second, simultaneously observed satellites have different wavelengths. To overcome the problem resulting from GLONASS code IFB, we used a network of homogeneous receivers for GLONASS wide-lane fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation and wide-lane ambiguity resolution. The integer satellite clock of the GPS and GLONASS was then estimated with the wide-lane FCB products. The effect of the different wavelengths on FCB estimation and PPP-IAR is discussed in detail. We used a 21-day data set of 67 stations, where data from 26 stations were processed to generate satellite wide-lane FCBs and integer clocks and the other 41 stations were selected as users to perform PPP-IAR. We found that GLONASS FCB estimates are qualitatively similar to GPS FCB estimates. Generally, 98.8% of a posteriori residuals of wide-lane ambiguities are within \(\pm 0.25\) cycles for GPS, and 96.6% for GLONASS. Meanwhile, 94.5 and 94.4% of narrow-lane residuals are within 0.1 cycles for GPS and GLONASS, respectively. For a critical value of 2.0, the correct fixing rate for kinematic PPP is only 75.2% for GPS alone and as large as 98.8% for GPS+GLONASS. The fixing percentage for GPS alone is only 11.70 and 46.80% within 5 and 10 min, respectively, and improves to 73.71 and 95.83% when adding GLONASS. Adding GLONASS thus improves the fixing percentage significantly for a short time span. We also used global ionosphere maps (GIMs) to assist the wide-lane carrier-phase combination to directly fix the wide-lane ambiguity. Employing this method, the effect of the code IFB is eliminated and numerical results show that GLONASS FCB estimation can be performed across heterogeneous receivers. However, because of the relatively low accuracy of GIMs, the fixing percentage of GIM-aided GPS+GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution is very low. We expect better GIM accuracy to enable rapid GPS+GLONASS PPP-IAR with heterogeneous receivers.     

GLONASS现代化进程及其带来的机遇和挑战

GLONASS作为与GPS同时开始研制和投入运行的系统,但在发展方面明显的滞后于GPS。综述了GLONASS现代化的计划和进程,分析了GLONASS现代化进程中各阶段的具体实施情况,论述了由GLONASS现代化为我们带来的机遇和挑战。     

顾及码频间偏差的GPS/GLONASS实时卫星钟差估计

在进行GPS/GLONASS联合卫星钟差估计时,GLONASS码频间偏差（inter-frequency bias,IFB）因卫星频率间的差异而无法被测站接收机钟差参数吸收,其一部分将进入GLONASS卫星钟差估值中。通过引入多个"时频偏差"参数（inter-system and inter-frequency bias,ISFB）及附加基准约束对测站GLONASS码IFB进行函数模型补偿,实现其与待估卫星钟差参数的有效分离,并对所估计实时卫星钟差和实时精度单点定位（real-time precise point positioning,RT-PPP）进行精度评估。结果表明,在卫星钟差估计观测方程中忽略码IFB,会明显降低GLONASS卫星钟差估值精度;新方法能有效避免码IFB对卫星钟差估值的影响,所获得GPS、GLONASS卫星钟差与ESA（European Space Agency）事后精密钟差产品偏差平均均方根值分别小于0.2 ns、0.3 ns。利用实时估计卫星钟差进行静态RT-PPP,当观测时段长为2 h时,GPS单系统、GPS/GLONASS组合系统的3D定位精度优于10 cm,GLONASS单系统3D定位精度约为15 cm;三种模式24 h单天解的3D定位精度均优于5 cm。     

Estimation and evaluation of real-time precipitable water vapor from GLONASS and GPS

The revitalized Russian GLONASS system provides new potential for real-time retrieval of zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) in order to support time-critical meteorological applications such as nowcasting or severe weather event monitoring. In this study, we develop a method of real-time ZTD/PWV retrieval based on GLONASS and/or GPS observations. The performance of ZTD and PWV derived from GLONASS data using real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technique is carefully investigated and evaluated. The potential of combining GLONASS and GPS data for ZTD/PWV retrieving is assessed as well. The GLONASS and GPS observations of about half a year for 80 globally distributed stations from the IGS (International GNSS Service) network are processed. The results show that the real-time GLONASS ZTD series agree quite well with the GPS ZTD series in general: the RMS of ZTD differences is about 8 mm (about 1.2 mm in PWV). Furthermore, for an inter-technique validation, the real-time ZTD estimated from GLONASS-only, GPS-only, and the GPS/GLONASS combined solutions are compared with those derived from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at colocated GNSS/VLBI stations. The comparison shows that GLONASS can contribute to real-time meteorological applications, with almost the same accuracy as GPS. More accurate and reliable water vapor values, about 1.5–2.3 mm in PWV, can be achieved when GLONASS observations are combined with the GPS ones in the real-time PPP data processing. The comparison with radiosonde data further confirms the performance of GLONASS-derived real-time PWV and the benefit of adding GLONASS to stand-alone GPS processing.