北海盆地维京地堑新近纪下切谷发育主控因素及其内部充填特征

下切谷是陆地上一种常见的侵蚀地貌,古今均十分发育,但是不同盆地、不同时代发育的下切谷,无论是在沉积充填特征还是平面展布形态等多个方面都大相径庭。为此,作者依据曼宁公式进行理论推导,再结合分析北海盆地维京地堑发育的典型下切谷实例以及前人进行的相关水槽实验结果总结认为:地形坡度、基准面下降速率及幅度与下切谷所侵蚀地层的岩性是影响下切谷发育模式的最主要因素。这些因素共同控制了:(1)下切谷的弯度指数及宽深比,(2)下切谷平面上发育密度及其规模,(3)与下切谷伴生的陆棚三角洲、陆棚边缘三角洲沉积厚度及展布范围。海侵过程中下切谷的沉积充填类型及岩性,受平均基准面上升速率及沉积物供应量的共同控制,根据沉积充填类型及岩性的不同可将其划分为富砂型陆棚三角洲充填及富泥型河口湾充填两类。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起下切谷特征及演化模式

下切谷作为一种特殊的层序内部组成要素,其侵蚀-充填演化模式对于层序划分和油气勘探均具有重要意义.综合利用三维地震、钻井、古生物等资料,展开了对下切谷下切-充填的演化过程分析.研究表明地震相干切片识别出东西、南东、南北3类不同流向的下切谷.在地震剖面上,下切谷表现为以V型为主的形态特征,内部充填样式以前积、发散、上超等样式为主.结合区域地质背景分析认为,海西-燕山运动期车排子凸起强烈隆升,基准面快速下降导致对下伏地层产生侵蚀,下切谷由此产生.古近系之后开始沉降,基准面重新上升使得下切谷开始接受沉积充填,充填时限与古岸线位置有关.对下切谷的演化控制因素讨论认为,下切谷的下切-充填演化受到构造、古地貌、古气候及物源供给等因素的共同影响.      

塔里木盆地北部白垩系-古近系不同段、带沉积体系比较研究

塔里木盆地北部库车坳陷—塔北地区白垩系—古近系发育有冲（洪）积扇、终端扇、三角洲（扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、正常三角洲）、湖泊、滨岸海滩、潮坪—潟湖等多种沉积相类型。研究区南、北带及东、中、西段在不同沉积演化时期发育的岩性组合、沉积相类型及沉积相平面展布规模方面也有明显差异,北带主体为粗碎屑沉积,发育扇三角洲沉积;南带沉积物粒级相对较细,主体发育辫状河三角洲,这种差异主要受当时古构造位置、古地形坡度、沉积物源远近及古气候控制。     

碳酸盐台地内下切谷的识别及其意义 ——以伊拉克H油田上白垩统Mishrif组为例

碳酸盐台地下切谷的研究多基于阿曼上白垩统露头。以中东地区伊拉克H油田上白垩统Mishrif组钻井岩心、测井和三维地震数据为基础,结合区域层序地层,从沉积旋回、岩相特征、测井响应、地震相平面分布与垂向演化等方面,对碳酸盐台地发育的下切谷这一重要沉积微相类型开展研究,并对其意义作了探讨。研究表明：(1)H油田MB2-1亚段发育碳酸盐台地内下切谷。下切谷内部以泥晶灰岩充填为主（与下伏颗粒灰岩明显不同）,颗粒向上变细再变粗;测井曲线具有箱形特点;地震剖面上呈平行—近平行短轴强振幅反射,边界清晰,平面上显示近似河道形态但更平直。(2)下切谷在SQ_3高位域晚期（MB2-1亚段沉积末期）侵蚀成谷,SQ_4海侵期快速充填,下切谷的底部代表了区域层序界面。(3)下切谷切割MB2-1亚段,而且岩性整体致密,可成为油藏的横向隔挡层。碳酸盐台地下切谷的发现,对于层序边界识别、油藏非均质性研究具有重要意义。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起东缘下切谷特征及其形成机制

下切谷是层序地层学研究的重要内容之一,同时也是寻找地层、岩性等圈闭的有利地区。综合利用钻测井、三维地震资料以及地震平面属性信息,在车排子凸起至红—车断裂带区域识别出下切谷沉积体系,对下切谷的发育特征以及形成机制进行分析,结果表明:地震振幅绝对值之和属性体显示研究区发育4条近东西流向的下切谷,主要表现为分支型和单一型的平面形态特征。在地震剖面上,几何形态以V形和U形为主,谷内沉积物充填样式有双向上超充填型和侧向加积充填型,同时具有加积、前积和上超等地震反射特征,属于“顺源堆积”与“溯源堆积”的交互沉积。结合准噶尔盆地车排子凸起中生代构造及气候演化特征分析认为,凸起东缘下切谷形成于晚侏罗世。该时期车排子凸起强烈隆升,相对湖平面急剧下降,河流侵蚀下伏地层导致下切谷形成。下切谷内沉积充填阶段发生在白垩纪。该时期车排子凸起剧烈下沉,相对湖平面上升,下切谷持续性的接受沉积充填。     

松辽盆地双城区块扶余油层高分辨率层序格架下沉积相及砂体发育特征

随着致密砂岩岩性油气藏勘探开发程度的深入,拗陷型湖盆河流—浅水三角洲储集层已经成为勘探开发重点。以松辽盆地北部双城区块扶余油层为研究对象,运用岩心、测井、录井以及地震资料,系统地开展高分辨率层序地层研究,识别出多级次基准面旋回界面,将双城区块扶余油层划分为2个长期基准面旋回和7个中期基准面旋回。在此基础之上,深入分析高分辨率层序地层格架下的河流—浅水三角洲沉积相及储集层砂体发育特征。研究表明:受长期基准面下降—上升的变化控制,垂向上,从MSC1到MSC7沉积充填响应呈现三角洲平原沉积—曲流河沉积—三角洲平原沉积—三角洲前缘沉积的特点,其岩性、沉积构造、旋回期次以及规模也随之具有明显变化;主要储集层砂体类型依次为分流河道、曲流河道、分流河道和水下分流河道,平面上的砂体呈条带状分布,顺物源方向由西南向东北砂地比逐渐变小,MSC4-MSC5时期砂体最为发育,储集层质量最好;在构造稳定拗陷湖盆背景下,湖平面升降是储集层砂体发育特征的主要控制因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统沉积特征*

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统本溪组(羊虎沟组)沉积特征对于预测其砂体展布、油气勘探具有重要意义。在野外地质考察、岩心观察和薄片研究的基础上,对本溪组(羊虎沟组)进行了岩石学特征、沉积相类型和空间展布规律等方面的研究。本溪组(羊虎沟组)岩石类型主要为灰白色中—粗砂岩和深灰色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩,夹多层煤、灰岩和泥灰岩;主要发育浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潮坪、潟湖和扇三角洲沉积。鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起西部主要发育扇三角洲、障壁岛和潟湖沉积相,东部主要发育扇三角洲、潟湖、障壁岛和浅海陆棚沉积相,中间过渡带主要为潮坪沉积。自北向南依次发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、潮坪、潟湖和浅海陆棚等沉积。总体上来讲,本溪组(羊虎沟组)为一套海陆交互相沉积建造,具有东、西分异的沉积格局。     

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统沉积特征

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统本溪组(羊虎沟组)沉积特征对于预测其砂体展布、油气勘探具有重要意义。在野外地质考察、岩心观察和薄片研究的基础上,对本溪组(羊虎沟组)进行了岩石学特征、沉积相类型和空间展布规律等方面的研究。本溪组(羊虎沟组)岩石类型主要为灰白色中-粗砂岩和深灰色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩,夹多层煤、灰岩和泥灰岩;主要发育浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潮坪、潟湖和扇三角洲沉积。鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起西部主要发育扇三角洲、障壁岛和潟湖沉积相,东部主要发育扇三角洲、潟湖、障壁岛和浅海陆棚沉积相,中间过渡带主要为潮坪沉积。自北向南依次发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、潮坪、潟湖和浅海陆棚等沉积。总体上来讲,本溪组(羊虎沟组)为一套海陆交互相沉积建造,具有东、西分异的沉积格局。     

沁水盆地西南缘石炭-二叠纪含煤岩系层序地层及聚煤特征

沁水盆地石炭-二叠系含煤地层,其空间展布受沉积环境和层序地层的控制。以沁水盆地西南缘为研究对象,利用岩心、钻井等资料分析含煤地层岩相类型、沉积相、层序地层及聚煤作用特征,得到以下认识:①石炭-二叠系主要由粗砂岩、中细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、灰岩和可燃有机岩组成,发育三角洲平原相、三角洲前缘相等三角洲沉积体系及障壁-滨外陆棚沉积体系;②识别出区域不整合面、下切谷冲刷面及沉积体系转换面等3种层序界面,将石炭-二叠系含煤地层划分为3个三级层序,并进一步划分出低位、海(湖)侵及高位体系域,其中层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅲ中发育厚度稳定的可采煤层;③障壁-滨外陆棚环境下煤层在层序地层格架中位于最大海泛面附近,三角洲平原环境下煤层位于湖侵体系域早中期,可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡条件下,形成厚层煤层。     

松辽盆地双城区块扶余油层高分辨率层序格架下沉积相及砂体发育特征*

随着致密砂岩岩性油气藏勘探开发程度的深入,拗陷型湖盆河流—浅水三角洲储集层已经成为勘探开发重点。以松辽盆地北部双城区块扶余油层为研究对象,运用岩心、测井、录井以及地震资料,系统地开展高分辨率层序地层研究,识别出多级次基准面旋回界面,将双城区块扶余油层划分为2个长期基准面旋回和7个中期基准面旋回。在此基础之上,深入分析高分辨率层序地层格架下的河流—浅水三角洲沉积相及储集层砂体发育特征。研究表明: 受长期基准面下降—上升的变化控制,垂向上,从MSC1到MSC7沉积充填响应呈现三角洲平原沉积—曲流河沉积—三角洲平原沉积—三角洲前缘沉积的特点,其岩性、沉积构造、旋回期次以及规模也随之具有明显变化;主要储集层砂体类型依次为分流河道、曲流河道、分流河道和水下分流河道,平面上的砂体呈条带状分布,顺物源方向由西南向东北砂地比逐渐变小,MSC4-MSC5时期砂体最为发育,储集层质量最好;在构造稳定拗陷湖盆背景下,湖平面升降是储集层砂体发育特征的主要控制因素。     

Detailed architecture of a compound incised valley system and correlation with forced regressive wedges: Example of Late Quaternary Têt and Agly rivers,western Gulf of Lions,Mediterranean Sea,France

Quaternary incised valley systems are usually characterized by the preservation of a single valley-fill attributed to the last post-glacial period. Moreover, there are very few cases of correlation between incised valley system developed on inner shelf and sedimentary units observed on the mid to outer shelf, mainly forced regressive wedges. The Roussillon shelf, in the western part of the Gulf of Lion, is a particular example of preserved Quaternary compound incised valley system also characterized by a direct correlation with the forced regressive lowstand wedges on the mid-outer shelf. High-resolution seismic data and a borehole, 60 m deep, located on the beach barrier permit an accurate study of the geometry and lithology of the system. Six imbricated and more or less preserved incised valleys and valley-fills are observed up to the inner to mid-shelf. The key surfaces associated to the incised valleys are correlated to the boundaries of the forced regressive wedges. They are assumed to be reworked surfaces. At the borehole location, only few thin layers, less than 1 m thick, of coarse grain and/or floating pebbles, are observed and should correspond to preserved fluvial lowstand deposits reworked under marine influence. The valley fills are mainly composed of estuarine muddy silts. From AMS ¹⁴C age dating it is inferred that the uppermost incised valley system is younger than 45 ky cal BP. Based on those observations, the six preserved incised valley systems are assumed to be controlled by the last six 4th order sea-level cycles — 100 ky — of the middle to late Quaternary. The paleo-topography of the underlying Plio-Quaternary deposits controls the compound incised valley system location. The deep topography of the Messinian Erosionnal Surface is a controlling factor at a lower degree. The partial preservation of the successive valley fill is attributed not only to the differential subsidence but also to the lateral migration of each incision and to the hydrodynamic regime.     

西藏南部羊卓雍措地区晚侏罗世维美组沉积特征及环境演化

通过沉积岩石学、岩相学、粒度分析等研究方法,对维美组沉积特征、沉积环境及演化提出新的认识和探讨。晚侏罗世维美组主要为一套陆源碎屑物质沉积,沉积期共经历4个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回的岩石组合大致为含砾石英砂岩-中、粗粒石英砂岩-细粒石英砂岩(长石石英砂岩)-粉砂岩(泥岩、页岩),由底到顶粒度变细,层厚减薄。识别出6种岩相类别:含砾石英砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、薄层页岩-泥岩互层;发现平行层理、水平层理、粒序层理和重荷模等沉积构造;识别出陆棚、滨岸和陆棚下切河道3类沉积相,其中陆棚相包括内陆棚和外陆棚亚相,滨岸相包括近滨上部和近滨下部亚相;陆棚下切河道充填结构大致为:下部河道砂砾岩层,中部不等粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩层,上部细粒石英砂岩、泥岩层。综合来看,维美组沉积环境为位于克拉通边缘上浅海环境,沉积物质及沉积序列受海平面升降变化影响显著,主要形成于全球海平面下降之后上升的阶段。     

江苏南通地区晚第四纪下切河谷沉积与环境演变

采用层序地层学基本原理,以海平面升降旋回为主线,根据钻井岩芯、古生物、测年和分析化验等资料,探讨了江苏南通地区晚第四纪地层层序、层序界面、沉积特征及沉积环境的演变。结果表明,研究区晚第四纪发育三期下切河谷,形成了三套沉积层序,自下而上三个层序的地质时代分别相当于晚第四纪早期、晚第四纪中期和晚第四纪晚期。由于后期河流的强烈下切破坏,早期沉积层序往往被剥蚀殆尽,仅残留下部的河床相粗粒沉积,造成不同期河床相的叠置;相对而言,晚第四纪晚期形成的下切河谷沉积层序以不同的沉积相组合被保存下来,自下而上划分为河床、河漫滩、河口湾、浅海和三角洲5种沉积相类型,表现为一个较完整的沉积层序。晚第四纪晚期下切河谷底界面,是末次冰期海面下降,河流下切形成的侵蚀面,与河间地古土壤层顶面的沉积间断面同属一个地史期的产物,一起构成区域不整合面,界面上下岩性突变,其上的冰后期地层属同一个海平面变化旋回,可互相对比,因而具有年代地层学意义。三期下切河谷层序的套叠结构表明,晚第四纪以来,研究区存在三次"低海面-海侵-高海面-海退"周期性海面变化。     

Sedimentary types and features of gravity flow depositional systems from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene in Liwan sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin

The sedimentary characteristics of gravity flow depositional systems(GFDS)in Liwan sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,has not been clear. Based on a large number of high-revolution seismic data and a small amount of borehole data,the sedimentary types,spatial-temporal evolution,and controlling factors of the gravity flow depositional systems in Zhuhai Formation and the basal Zhujiang Formation in the Liwan sag are summarized. Four sedimentary types of the GFDS,can be identified according to the different seismic facies associations. Pordelta turbidite fan,the first type,is relatively small-scale compared with other type,but formed at the same time with the shelf edge delta,which is likely to be sand rich. Mass transport complex deposition,the second type,is featured by fault scarps,multiple small detachment faults,internal deformation structures such as sliding and compression,and overall southeast movement. The channelized slope fan,the third type,with lots of small channels on the head,contains microfacies such as turbidite channel,channel-levee complex and crevasse splay. The basin floor fan,the fourth type,is a bidirectionally down-lapped,mound-shaped and strong amplitude continuous intermediate-frequency reflection seismic facie association,and its microfacies such as incised valley,channel filling,front crevasse fan and sheet like lobe can be recognized. It is believed that the coupling of tectonics,climate,sea level change and sediment supply results in the GFDS in the study area and different types of GFDS are formed at different period during the base level cycle change. This research can provide a reference for the summary of gravity flow depositional law and hydrocarbon exploration in the ultra-deep water area.     

中国南海西沙碳酸盐岩台地形成过程及控制因素:来自西科1井的地球化学证据

通过对南海西沙石岛已完钻的科学探井——西科1井进行岩性组合特征、元素地球化学、TEX86等多种指标分析,尝试恢复了西沙地区中新世以来海平面变化,讨论了碳酸盐岩台地形成发育的控制因素。发现受控于南海区域性构造事件及全球海平面变化的双重影响,西沙地区海平面呈现早中新世高—中中新世低—晚中新世到上新世高—第四纪低的变化趋势,海水温度从早中新世到上新世呈整体下降趋势。岩性组合特征揭示,西沙地区碳酸盐岩台地在早中新世开始发育,到中中新世逐渐繁盛,在中中新世末达到顶峰,形成了包含潟湖相在内的大型礁盘;在晚中新世—上新世由于海平面快速上升以及海水温度下降而逐渐衰退淹没,到第四纪进一步持续萎缩。研究发现,西沙地区在早中新世和晚中新世—上新世,出现2次较强的白云岩化作用,与海平面下降造成碳酸盐岩台地暴露剥蚀直接相关。西科1井揭示的碳酸盐岩台地的发育演化过程是南海新生代碳酸盐岩台地繁荣与消亡的代表,是南海新生代构造演化与全球气候变迁相互作用的综合结果。     

冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层特征及沉积环境演化*

长江水下三角洲层序地层学研究有助于全面了解长江三角洲地层特征和沉积环境演化模式。通过对长江水下三角洲下切河谷区YD0901和YD0903孔岩心的详细沉积物粒度、特征元素比值(Cl/Ti和Zr/Rb)、沉积相对比分析,恢复了冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层格架。研究区冰后期以来自下而上依次出现河流相、潮汐河流相、河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相的沉积相序。末次冰期海平面下降,古长江形成下切河谷,古河间地发育硬黏土层,构成五级Ⅰ型层序界面。之后海平面回升,分别于15 cal ka BP和8.0 cal ka BP形成最大海退和最大海侵界面,水下三角洲区域最大海侵发生时间略滞后于平原区,约为7.5 cal ka BP。据此3个层序界面将冰后期地层划分为低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。钻孔岩心记录揭示了14.8 cal ka BP海侵到达研究区;14.8~13 cal ka BP期间,受MWP-1A冰融水事件影响海平面快速上升,海岸线向陆推进速率可达71.9,km/ka;海退期间各钻孔沉积速率较低,直至2 cal ka BP开始,沉积速率明显增加。     

高精度古地貌恢复技术及应用——以辽西凸起南段东营组二段下段为例

辽西凸起南段东营组二段下段发育大型岩性-超覆圈闭,储层发育程度以及分布范围是本区油气富集的主控因素。以油组为单位在低勘探程度区开展高精度古地貌恢复,通过剥蚀量恢复,结合埋深和地震响应特征对原始地层厚度进行了压实恢复,并运用岩性、沉积相以及地震响应特征等对该地区进行古水深校正。通过对研究区沟谷的横截面积及延伸长度定量分析,下切沟谷沿地貌形态和地形坡度由高至低,依次发育V型、U型、W型,其发育横截面积和输砂能力依次降低,且不同时期沟谷形态和发育位置的迁移控制了沉积体系发育特征。精细刻画了不同时期储层分布和沉积体系演化特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部上三叠统瓦窑堡组层序—古地理与聚煤规律*

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地中部上三叠统瓦窑堡组层序地层格架下的沉积演化与聚煤规律,利用野外露头、钻孔以及测井资料,识别出瓦窑堡组共发育5种岩石类型及17种岩相类型。以区域不整合面、地层颜色突变面和河道下切谷冲刷面等层序地层界面,将瓦窑堡组划分为3个三级层序SQ1、SQ2和SQ3,确定了每个层序的沉积范围、岩相组合及沉积体系。采用单因素作图法,综合考虑沉积相等多因素确定沉积单元边界,恢复了三级层序的沉积格局。瓦窑堡期沉积单元主要为曲流河、冲积平原沉积、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和湖泊,自SQ1期至SQ3期,冲积平原、三角洲沉积逐步向湖域推进,滨—浅湖范围逐渐萎缩。三角洲平原的发育为聚煤作用提供了有利场所,形成了具有一定工业价值的煤层。从SQ1期到SQ3期,聚煤作用主要发生于湖侵体系域,且随着聚煤作用逐渐增强,泥炭堆积速率与可容空间增加速率逐渐达到平衡,煤层总厚度和单层煤层最大厚度逐渐增大。该研究成果可为鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统瓦窑堡组煤炭资源潜力预测和富油煤形成机理研究提供地质依据。     

Signatures of climate vs. sea-level change within incised valley-fill successions: Quaternary examples from the Texas GULF Coast

The passive margin Texas Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain consists of coalescing late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial–deltaic plains constructed by a series of medium to large fluvial systems. Alluvial–deltaic plains consist of the Pleistocene Beaumont Formation, and post-Beaumont coastal plain incised valleys. A variety of mapping, outcrop, core, and geochronological data from the extrabasinal Colorado River and the basin-fringe Trinity River show that Beaumont and post-Beaumont strata consist of a series of coastal plain incised valley fills that represent 100 kyr climatic and glacio-eustatic cycles.

Valley fills contain a complex alluvial architecture. Falling stage to lowstand systems tracts consist of multiple laterally amalgamated sandy channelbelts that reflect deposition within a valley that was incised below highstand alluvial plains, and extended across a subaerially-exposed shelf. The lower boundary to falling stage and lowstand units comprises a composite valley fill unconformity that is time-transgressive in both cross- and down-valley directions. Coastal plain incised valleys began to fill with transgression and highstand, and landward translation of the shoreline: paleosols that define the top of falling stage and lowstand channelbelts were progressively onlapped and buried by heterolithic sandy channelbelt, sandy and silty crevasse channel and splay, and muddy floodbasin strata. Transgressive to highstand facies-scale architecture reflects changes through time in dominant styles of avulsion, and follows a predictable succession through different stages of valley filling. Complete valley filling promoted avulsion and the large-scale relocation of valley axes before the next sea-level fall, such that successive 100 kyr valley fills show a distributary pattern.

Basic elements within coastal plain valleys can be correlated with the record offshore, where cross-shelf valleys have been described from seismic data. Falling stage to lowstand channelbelts within coastal plain valleys were feeder systems for shelf-phase and shelf-margin deltas, respectively, and demonstrate that falling stage fluvial deposits are important valley fill components. Signatures of both upstream climate change vs. downstream sea-level controls are therefore interpreted to be present within incised valley fills. Signatures of climate change consist of the downstream continuity of major stratigraphic units and component facies, which extends from the mixed bedrock–alluvial valley of the eroding continental interior to the distal reaches, wherever that may be at the time. This continuity suggests the development of stratigraphic units and facies is strongly coupled to upstream controls on sediment supply and climate conditions within hinterland source regions. Signatures of sea-level change are critical as well: sea-level fall below the elevation of highstand depositional shoreline breaks results in channel incision and extension across the newly emergent shelf, which in turn results in partitioning of the 100 kyr coastal plain valleys. Moreover, deposits and key surfaces can be traced from continental interiors to the coastal plain, but there are downstream changes in geometric relations that correspond to the transition between the mixed bedrock–alluvial valley and the coastal plain incised valley. Channel incision and extension during sea-level fall and lowstand, with channel shortening and delta backstepping during transgression, controls the architecture of coastal plain and cross-shelf incised valley fills.     

银额盆地及邻区石炭纪小独山期—二叠纪紫松期岩相古地理

采用野外地质调查与室内研究相结合的方法,根据野外地质调查收集的沉积岩岩石学特征、古生物及沉积构造标志,结合室内地球化学分析测试结果,总结研究区的沉积相划分标志,将研究区石炭系—二叠系阿木山组(干泉组)划分出6种沉积相,即辫状河三角洲相、冲积扇相、滨海相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相和海相火山岩相,并进一步划分为13种沉积亚相。浅海陆棚相和滨海相是研究区沉积的主体,碳酸盐岩台地相次之,辫状河三角洲相和冲积扇相仅在靠近敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆及马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带的部分有分布,海相火山岩主要分布于裂谷中心火山喷发带。