利用ERDAS IMAGINE进行影像的几何精校正

几何精校正是利用地面控制点(GCP)对遥感影像进行的几何校正。用ERDAS IMAGINE软件进行几何精校正，关键在于相关模型参数设置、控制点输入和几何精校正。影响几何精校正的因素，主要表现在GCP的数量、分布和定位精度。此外校正方法不同，影像的纠正精度也不同。     

几何精校正中三种重采样内插方法的定量比较

几何校正是图像预处理的过程,几何校正后的影像可以用于提取精确的距离、多边形面积以及方位等信息.几何校正包括几何粗校正和几何精校正.几何精校正是利用地面控制点进行的几何校正.     

基于压缩感知的遥感影像几何精校正方法

在遥感影像几何精校正过程中,无论是通过人工选择还是特征匹配方法选择的控制点对都会随机发生误匹配的现象,这将大大影响几何精校正的精度。针对这一问题,本文利用压缩感知理论,利用误匹配控制点在所有控制点对中的稀疏性,实现了几何校正模型参数的抗差估计,提高了几何校正结果的精度。对卫星遥感影像的几何精校正的试验结果表明,基于压缩感知的遥感影像几何精校正方法能够有效克服误匹配控制点的影响。     

利用自动匹配与三角剖分进行遥感图像几何精校正

在研究传统几何精校正方法的基础上,提出了一种高精度的基于自动同名点匹配和三角剖分技术的几何精校正方法,该方法是通过基准底图对待校正图像进行几何精校正的。首先利用FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test)算子在基准底图上快速提取均匀分布的候选特征点,通过图像自身携带的地理定位信息确定初始同名点对;经平移误差消除、互相关双向匹配、RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)粗差剔除、二元三点插值等步骤获取稳定可靠的亚像元级同名点对;最后根据亚像元级同名点对构建Delaunay三角网进行图像变换和重采样处理。以Landsat卫星ETM为基准底图对环境卫星CCD数据进行几何精校正试验,本算法几何精校正精度较传统的方法得到了很大提高。     

利用地形图对TM遥感影像进行几何精校正的方法研究

遥感数据的几何精校正是生成遥感数据产品及将遥感数据用于进一步数据分析前重要的一步。几何精校正的效果将直接影响到影像地理参考的精度,进而影响到在许多遥感数据分析中都要用到的地物能否精确定位的问题。因此几何精校正是遥感科研工作中基础的必可可少的工作之一。本文介绍了利用1:100000比例尺地形图及ERDASIMAGINE8.6软件,采用2次多项式模型,对关中平原TM影像进行几何精校正的方法。结果表明:当保留25个控制点时,校正后误差为0.63个像元,校正后影像具有较高精度,可以用于遥感信息的提取以及为地理信息系统等提供可使用的数据。     

高分辨率遥感图像几何校正在ERDAS IMAGE中的实现

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍应用,对其研究越来越引起重视。而用户得到的资料仅经过卫星地面站的初步几何校正,仍存在不少非系统误差,对于应用者来说,还需做几何精校正处理。ERDAS IMAGING软件进行几何精校正具有操作简便、实用性强、速度快等特点。只有通过精确几何校正,高分辨率影像才能在遥感应用的各方面发挥更大的作用。     

基于华浩超算平台遥感影像几何校正研究——以资源一号02C数据为例

对多源遥感影像进行几何校正是遥感影像应用的重要环节,以往的遥感影像利用人工或半自动的方式进行几何校正时,存在校正结果难以预料,控制点精度不可控,二次校正过程中控制点利用效率较低等问题。本文基于以上问题,利用华浩超算平台,对资源一号02C卫星10 m多光谱影像和2.36 m全色影像进行几何校正。试验证明华浩超算平台的实时几何校正模块,可以对每一个精校正后控制点的精度进行实时控制,并有效地解决了控制点利用效率低的问题。     

高分辨率遥感图像几何校正在ERDAS IMAGE中的实现

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍应用，对其研究越来越引起重视。而用户得到的资料仅经过卫星地面站的初步几何校正，仍存在不少非系统误差，对于应用者来说，还需做几何精校正处理。ERDAS IMAGING软件进行几何精校正具有操作简便、实用性强、速度快等特点。只有通过精确几何校正，高分辨率影像才能在遥感应用的各方面发挥更大的作用。     

图像分层匹配的HJ-1A/B CCD影像自动几何精校正技术与系统实现

环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座(环境一号卫星,HJ-1A/B)自发射以来,在环境监测、灾害评估、土地资源调查等领域发挥了重要的作用。但是HJ-1A/B卫星CCD图像的2级产品(HJ-1 CCD图像)几何精度低,实际应用中需要进行几何精校正。HJ-1 CCD图像具有宽覆盖、大视场角、几何变形复杂的特点,几何精校正难度大。针对该问题,本文提出了一个以Landsat TM全球拼接图像为基准,基于Forstner算子和模板匹配的分层配准方法。该方法使用分层匹配获得的大量高精度且分布均匀的控制点构建Delaunay三角网,有效地解决了HJ-1 CCD图像的几何精校正问题。在配准技术研究的基础上,研发了HJ-1 CCD图像几何精校正系统,系统具有全球HJ-1 CCD图像的自动批量处理能力。实验结果表明,本文提出的几何精校正方法精度高,实现了环境星图像的自动批量处理。     

利用轨道参数修正的无控制点星载SAR图像几何校正方法

使用距离多普勒模型进行SAR图像几何校正时,卫星轨道误差、系统成像参数误差和DEM高程的误差会影响几何校正精度。本文提出了一种基于轨道参数修正的星载SAR图像几何校正方法。首先利用多项式对卫星轨道进行参数化,然后使用模拟SAR图像与真实SAR图像进行匹配得到控制点来修正轨道参数,最后利用修正后的参数进行几何精校正,从而提高几何校正精度。该方法无需地面控制点,适用于不易于人工测量获取地面控制点地区的SAR图像几何校正,与基于模拟SAR图像匹配并使用多项式改正的几何校正方法相比,本文方法具有更高的精度。使用Radarsat-2图像进行试验,并使用地面实测GPS控制点验证了本方法的有效性。     

On the Hipparcos Link to the ICRF derived from VLA and MERLIN radio astrometry

Positions and proper motions obtained from observations by the very large array (VLA) and the multi-element radio-linked interferometer network (MERLIN) are used to establish the link of the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame (HCRF) to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The VLA and MERLIN data are apparently the latest ones published in the literature. Their mean epoch at around 2001 is about 10 years after the epoch of the Hipparcos catalogue and, therefore, the data are considered suitable to check the Hipparcos link established at epoch 1991.25. The parameters of the link, i.e., the angles of frame orientation and the angular rates of frame rotation, are estimated by fitting these parameters to the differences of the optical and radio positions and proper motions of stars common to the Hipparcos catalogue and the VLA and MERLIN data. Both the estimates of the angles of orientation and the angular rates of rotation show nearly consistent but insignificant results for all samples of stars treated. We conclude that not only the size of the samples of 9–15 stars is too small, but also that the accuracy of the radio positions and, above all, of the radio proper motions is insufficient, the latter being based on early-epoch star positions of low accuracy. The present observational data at epoch 2001 suggest that maintenance of the Hipparcos frame is not feasible at this stage.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。     

宗地与房产基底图入库系统的设计与开发

从系统总体设计原则、系统的总体结构设计、系统的功能模块组成、模块数据组成关系及各模块流程、开发平台的选择等几个方面探讨宗地与房产基底图入库发布系统的设计和开发。     

GNSS的兼容与互操作初步研究

随着全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的发展,特别是Galileo和QZSS计划的提出,卫星导航领域提出了兼容与互操作的概念,并日益受到重视。增强与已有系统之间的兼容与互操作已经成为GNSS的一种发展趋势,因此,有必要对GNSS的兼容与互操作展开研究。在简述GNSS的兼容与互操作提出背景的基础上,分析了相应概念之间的区别和联系。基于GNSS兼容与互操作的3个关键因素,分别分析了兼容与互操作在空间信号、时间框架、大地坐标框架选取方面的应用体现以及产生的影响。最后提出了目前GNSS兼容与互操作研究可以展开的几个方向。     

SENSOR: a tool for the simulation of hyperspectral remote sensing systems

The consistent end-to-end simulation of airborne and spaceborne earth remote sensing systems is an important task, and sometimes the only way for the adaptation and optimisation of a sensor and its observation conditions, the choice and test of algorithms for data processing, error estimation and the evaluation of the capabilities of the whole sensor system.The presented software simulator SENSOR (Software Environment for the Simulation of Optical Remote sensing systems) includes a full model of the sensor hardware, the observed scene, and the atmosphere in between. The simulator consists of three parts. The first part describes the geometrical relations between scene, sun, and the remote sensing system using a ray-tracing algorithm. The second part of the simulation environment considers the radiometry. It calculates the at-sensor radiance using a pre-calculated multidimensional lookup-table taking the atmospheric influence on the radiation into account. The third part consists of an optical and an electronic sensor model for the generation of digital images. Using SENSOR for an optimisation requires the additional application of task-specific data processing algorithms.The principle of the end-to-end-simulation approach is explained, all relevant concepts of SENSOR are discussed, and first examples of its use are given. The verification of SENSOR is demonstrated. This work is closely related to the Airborne PRISM Experiment (APEX), an airborne imaging spectrometer funded by the European Space Agency.     

用ArcGIS提取古沉积面恢复栅格点的方法

通过地质概念的空间推理，借助ArcGIS平台，实现了古沉积面恢复所需预测数据的提取，提出了一个较国内外其他研究方法更合理的样本提取方法。同时也为在ArcGIS下提取相邻边缘上的栅格提供了一个有效的方法。     

遥感数据成果的分级存储管理

本文在较为全面介绍分级存储技术的基础上,结合国家基础地理信息中心遥感数据存储管理的特点和用户需求,提出了详尽可行的分级存储应用方案,着重对数据迁移和回迁进行了讨论,并分析了方案特点。     

Contribution of multispectral (optical and radar) satellite images to the classification of agricultural surfaces

The monitoring of different crops (cultivated plots) and types of surface (bare soils, etc.) is a crucial economic and environmental issue for the management of resources and human activity. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of multispectral satellite imagery (optical and radar) to land use and land cover classification.Object-oriented supervised classifications, based on a Random Forest algorithm, and majority zoning post-processing are used. This study emerges from the experiment on multi-sensor crop monitoring (MCM'10, Baup et al., 2012) conducted in 2010 on a mixed farming area in the southwest of France, near Toulouse. This experiment enabled the regular and quasi-synchronous collection of multi-sensor satellite data and in situ observations, which are used in this study. 211 plots with contrasting characteristics (different slopes, soil types, aspects, farming practices, shapes and surface areas) were monitored to represent the variability of the study area. They can be grouped into four classes of land cover: 39 grassland areas, 100 plots of wheat, 13 plots of barley, 20 plots of rapeseed, and 2 classes of bare soil: 23 plots of small roughness and 16 plots of medium roughness. Satellite radar images in the X-, C- and L-bands (HH polarization) were acquired between 14 and 18 April 2010. Optical images delivered by Formosat-2 and corresponding field data were acquired on 14 April 2010.The results show that combining images acquired in the L-band (Alos) and the optical range (Formosat-2) improves the classification performance (overall accuracy = 0.85, kappa = 0.81) compared to the use of radar or optical data alone. The results obtained for the various types of land cover show performance levels and confusions related to the phenological stage of the species studied, with the geometry of the cover, the roughness states of the surfaces, etc. Performance is also related to the wavelength and penetration depth of the signal providing the images. Thus, the results show that the quality of the classification often increases with increasing wavelength of the images used.     

GPT和GPT2模型的偏差对定位结果的影响

气象模型GPT和GPT2均可用于获取测站的气压、气温等气象要素,对计算对流层延迟具有重要作用并在高精度的GPS数据分析中被广泛使用。GPT2对GPT模型精度的改进在很多文献中已经得到验证,但是目前没有相关文献对采用这两种模型获得的坐标时间序列的差异进行详尽的分析。本文分别利用气象模型GPT和GPT2处理相同的连续观测站数据,发现气压值偏差的季节性变化导致测站垂向位置偏差也产生季节性变化,是测站垂向位置“伪”年周变化信号的来源之一;同时,模型之间的气压值偏差对垂向位置的影响与测站纬度相关,表现为先验天顶延迟偏差传递进垂向位置偏差的比例随测站纬度增加而增大。     

Monitoring the Deformation of Cableways

One type of aerial cableway consists of a continuous cable,which works at the same time as carrying cable and drawing cable.This kind of cableway is supported by many towers,which divide the total length in linear sections.even small deviations from the planed layout can increase the strain of the cable and the danger of derailments.The deviations of the position of the towers from the planed layout are due to local sliding or sinking of the foundation or other mechanical movements.Up to now the axis of the cableways were periodically measured by traditional methods. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the possibility of measuring the axis of a cableway with GPS techniques,while the cable is moving.The results show that the proposed measuring device provides precise results in a simple and reliable way.