高分辨率遥感影像图制作的镶嵌线自动提取

为更好地发挥遥感技术在城市规划地图制作中的应用，高分辨率遥感影像成为城市地图制作中最重要的数据源。面对地物信息复杂、建筑物众多的城市地区，如何快速提取高分辨率遥感影像地图制作过程中相邻两景影像之间的镶嵌线具有重要意义。本文以国产卫星中分辨率最高、幅宽最小的GF-2影像为数据源，融合建筑物轮廓数据，研究了基于最短路径的A*搜索算法，实现了遥感影像地图制作的镶嵌线自动提取技术。结果表明，该方法能够自动生成避让建筑物的镶嵌线，速度快、镶嵌质量高，可广泛应用于城市地区高分辨率遥感影像地图制作。     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像地理要素提取

应用面向对象影像分类方法进行空间目标特征提取和分析,实现利用遥感影像建立与更新地理空间数据库,对于正在进行的数字城市建设和国情监测具有重要的意义和作用。本文阐述了高空间分辨率影像特征提取的关键技术,采用面向对象的特征提取技术和影像分类方法,开展了基于ADS40航空影像的地理要素提取实验,获得了比较满意的专题信息。     

面向对象的遥感分类方法在输电线路地表信息提取中的应用

面向对象的遥感分类方法是影像分辨率越来越高的背景下的产物。本文以某特高压输电线路工程为研究对象,选取宁夏、陕西、山西、河南、安徽境内五个典型地区样本,通过影像特征分析、多尺度分割和地物分类建立了水体、建筑、林地、道路等四种典型地物的分类规则集,并对工程全线进行信息提取和精度分析。结果表明:利用面向对象的方法提取高分辨率航空影像地表信息能够为输电线路智能选线快速提供基础地理空间数据。     

利用多特征进行航空影像建筑物提取

高分辨率遥感影像在不同的尺度下表现出不同的特征,根据这一特性,提出了一种基于多层次特征的航空影像规则建筑物提取方法。该方法先利用大尺度特征——方向梯度直方图（histograms of oriented gradient,HOG）特征对建筑物进行识别,然后提出了一种小尺度特征——纹理和光谱融合特征,该特征能够有效地将HOG特征识别结果中的道路、草地等非建筑物剔除,最终获取建筑物边缘信息。实验结果表明,该方法不仅对矩形建筑物有较好的提取效果,对结构复杂的规则建筑物也有较好的提取效果。     

Object-Based Rule Sets and Its Transferability for Building Extraction from High Resolution Satellite Imagery

With the advent of high spatial resolution satellite imagery, automatic and semiautomatic building extractions have turned into one of the outstanding research topics in the field of remote sensing and machine vision. To this date, various algorithms have been presented for extracting the buildings from satellite images. Such methods lend their bases to diverse criteria such as radiometric, geometric, edge detection, and shadow. In this paper, a novel object based approach has been proposed for automatic and robust detections as well as extraction of the building in high spatial resolution images. To fulfill this, we simultaneously made use of both stable and variable features. While the former can be derived from inherent characteristics of the buildings, the latter is extracted using a feature analysis tool. In addition, a novel perspective has been recommended to boost the automation degree of the segmentation part in the object based analysis of remote sensing imagery. The proposed method was applied to a QuickBird imagery of an urban area in Isfahan city and the results of the quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the proposed method could yield promising results. Moreover, in another section of this study, for assessing the algorithm transferability, the rule set was implemented to a part of the WorldView image of Yazd city, proving that the proposed approach is capable of transferability in different types of case studies.     

多层级二值模式的高光谱影像空-谱分类

利用高光谱遥感影像的空间纹理特征，可以提高高光谱遥感影像的分类精度。提出了一种多层级二值模式的高光谱影像空-谱联合分类方法。该方法将高光谱影像转化为局部二值模式特征图像获取像元微观特征，基于特征图像生成多层级特征向量获取像元宏观特征。为验证该方法的有效性，选取PaviaU、Salinas和Chikusei高光谱影像数据，利用核极限学习机分类器，分别针对光谱、局部二值模式、多层级二值模式等特征开展实验。结果表明，多层级二值模式空-谱分类总体精度分别达到97.31%、98.96%和97.85%，明显优于传统光谱、3Gabor空-谱等分类方法。该方法可为高光谱影像分类提供更加有效的类别判定特征，有助于提高影像分类精度并获取更加平滑的分类结果图。     

融合形状和光谱的高空间分辨率遥感影像分类

提出了一种像元形状指数及基于形状和光谱特征融合的高（空间）分辨率遥感影像分类方法。形状和光谱是遥感影像纹理的具体表现形式,尤其在高分辨率影像中地物细节得到充分表达,相邻像元的关系及其共同表征的形状特性成为分类的重要因素。本文用像元及其邻域的关系来描述其空间结构,同时为了更全面地利用影像特征,提出了基于支持向量机的形状和光谱融合分类方法。实验证明,该方法计算简便且能有效表达高分辨率影像的地物特征,提高分类精度。     

基于对象直方图G统计量的遥感影像道路提取

提出了一种基于对象直方图G统计量的遥感影像道路提取方法。首先基于标记分水岭算法分割高分辨率遥感影像获取对象像斑,提取对象光谱特征并利用SVM从影像中分离出光谱相似的建成区（道路、建筑物等）;然后从建成区选择合适的对象作为训练样本,采用G统计量度量测试样本与训练样本的LBP纹理直方图距离,以表达对象纹理特征的异质性,并利用最小距离分类器完成建成区内道路与建筑物等的分离;最后结合几何形状特征和数学形态学处理对提取的道路进行优化,获得最终的道路提取结果。试验结果表明：该方法能较好地提取出道路信息。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法

针对传统的建筑物提取方法精度较低和边界不完整等问题,本文提出基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法。首先,采用主成分变换非监督预训练网络结构,获得待提取遥感影像特征。其次,为减少在池化过程中影像特征信息的丢失,提出自适应池化模型,通过非下采样轮廓波变换来获取影像纹理特征,并将纹理特征输入网络中参与建筑物提取。最后,将影像特征输入softmax分类器进行分类,获得建筑物提取结果。选取典型区域进行建筑物提取试验,并与典型建筑物提取方法进行对比分析,结果表明,本文提取方法精度高,并且提取建筑物的边界清晰、完整。     

基于地理国情普查的生态环境动态监测方法研究

综合利用第一次全国地理国情普查数据、多时相遥感影像资料、基础地理信息数据,结合相关专题资料,利用空间分析、统计分析、地理相关分析等方法,开展水源地水域、植被、居民点、道路、点污染源及防治设施5个方面的专题分析,研究丹江口库区生态环境动态监测方法,为后续监测提供理论基础和技术指导;同时发挥地理国情普查成果的作用,为地理国情普查(监测)数据挖掘及信息服务应用积累经验。     

光谱和形状特征相结合的高分辨率遥感图像的建筑物提取方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像具有较为丰富的地物属性"谱相"信息和空间分布及其组合"图式"信息的特点,提出了一种光谱和形状特征相结合的建筑物自动提取方法。在多尺度分割和矢量化基础上,根据建筑物的形状、光谱特征,从特征基元中自动选取样本,并计算其特征;通过根据建筑物形状、光谱、纹理构造的模板,在整景影像上进行建筑区域识别,并在建筑区域内提取建筑物外部轮廓。实验表明,本算法具有较高的识别率和较低的误识别率。     

Visual-Semantic Modeling in Content-Based Geospatial Information Retrieval Using Associative Mining Techniques

Automatic learning of geospatial intelligence is challenging due to the complexity of articulating knowledge from visual patterns and to the ever-increasing quantities of image data generated on a daily basis. In this setting, human inspection and annotation is subjective and, more importantly, impractical. In this letter, we propose a knowledge-discovery algorithm that uses content-based methods to link low-level image features with high-level visual semantics in an effort to automate the process of retrieving semantically similar images. Our algorithm represents geospatial images by using a high-dimensional feature vector and generates a set of association rules that correlate semantic terms with visual patterns represented by discrete feature intervals. We also provide a mathematical model to customize the relevance of feature measurements to semantic assignments as well as methods of querying by semantics and by example.      

融合SAR和TM图像更新GIS道路网络数据

遥感作为空间数据获取的一种手段,其在空间数据更新中的作用显得越来越重要,遥感数据已逐渐成为空间数据更新的主要数据来源。提出一种利用遥感图像自动更新GIS道路网络数据的方法,通过融合两种传感器图像数据,将整个道路网络准确完整地提取出来,然后通过线性特征的变化检测确定已修改的道路及新修建的道路。实验结果表明该方法可以准确地更新道路网络数据。     

Introducing mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings extracted from very high resolution satellite imagery

Many municipal activities require updated large-scale maps that include both topographic and thematic information. For this purpose, the efficient use of very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery suggests the development of approaches that enable a timely discrimination, counting and delineation of urban elements according to legal technical specifications and quality standards. Therefore, the nature of this data source and expanding range of applications calls for objective methods and quantitative metrics to assess the quality of the extracted information which go beyond traditional thematic accuracy alone. The present work concerns the development and testing of a new approach for using technical mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings automatically extracted from VHR satellite imagery. Feature extraction software was employed to map buildings present in a pansharpened QuickBird image of Lisbon. Quality assessment was exhaustive and involved comparisons of extracted features against a reference data set, introducing cartographic constraints from scales 1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000. The spatial data quality elements subject to evaluation were: thematic (attribute) accuracy, completeness, and geometric quality assessed based on planimetric deviation from the reference map. Tests were developed and metrics analyzed considering thresholds and standards for the large mapping scales most frequently used by municipalities. Results show that values for completeness varied with mapping scales and were only slightly superior for scale 1:10,000. Concerning the geometric quality, a large percentage of extracted features met the strict topographic standards of planimetric deviation for scale 1:10,000, while no buildings were compliant with the specification for scale 1:1000.     

空间服务语义模式的地理信息服务发现

如何从大规模地理信息服务集合中快速且准确地发现目标服务是地理信息服务应用中的一个关键问题。当前基于关键字的服务发现方式缺乏语义支持,搜索效率低。本文在WSMO/WSML框架下,提出了一种基于空间服务语义模式的服务发现方法,将地理信息从语法模式转换为语义模式,明确表达空间数据中隐含的知识,有效克服数据源之间的语义异构。该方法能够显著提高地理信息服务发现的查全率和查准率。     

地物空间关系匹配的高分辨率遥感影像检索

从低层视觉特征与地物空间关系特征对影像内容进行描述,建立检索模板与目标影像间的相似性直方图表达,提出一种适用于高分辨率遥感影像检索的新方法。首先,利用Quin+树将大幅面原始遥感影像分解为一系列同尺寸的序列子块;然后,分别提取各子块的低层视觉特征与地物关系特征,并以子块为基元构建候选子块的特征直方图;最后,对比检索模板与候选子块间的特征直方图相似性,实现高分辨率遥感影像的检索。使用多幅多源高分辨率遥感影像进行实验,结果表明本文方法对耕地、水系、建筑物等地类的检索精度大都维持在0.8以上,且各项检索性能指标均优于已有的两种遥感图像检索算法。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市地表信息提取研究

针对高分辨率遥感影像在城市地表信息提取中存在的若干问题,发展了一种基于影像对象最优特征组合的城市地表信息提取方法。该方法首先基于面向对象的思想,抽象出城市地表信息所对应的影像对象的各种特征,然后,基于先验知识和样本分析选择最优特征组合,建立有效的影像对象特征集,最后,采用基于知识规则的模糊逻辑分类器快速准确地检测、识别和提取城市各类地表信息。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的分类精度,其分类结果可为土地利用变化监测和GIS数据库更新提供依据。     

A Rule-Based Strategy for the Semantic Annotation of Geodata

The ability to represent geospatial semantics is of great importance when building geospatial applications for the Web. This ability will enhance discovery, retrieval and translation of geographic information as well as the reuse of geographic information in different contexts. The problem of generating semantic annotations has been recognized as one of the most serious obstacles for realizing the Geospatial Semantic Web vision. We present a rule‐based strategy for the semantic annotation of geodata that combines Semantic Web and Geospatial Web Services technology. In our approach, rules are employed to partially automate the annotation process. Rules define conditions for identifying geospatial concepts. Based on these rules, spatial analysis procedures are implemented that allow for inferring whether or not a feature in a dataset represents an instance of a geospatial concept. This automated evaluation of features in the dataset generates valuable information for the creation and refinement of semantic annotations on the concept level. The approach is illustrated by a case study on annotating data sources containing representations of lowlands. The presented strategy lays the foundations for the specification of a semantic annotation tool for geospatial web services that supports data providers in annotating their sources according to multiple domain views.     

基于灰度和方向一致性的遥感影像道路网提取

从遥感影像中提取道路网是一个经典课题,根据遥感影像中的道路具有灰度和方向一致性的特征,提出一种从遥感影像中提取道路网的新方法。首先根据遥感影像的灰度信息和方向方差信息建立灰度和方向一致性准则分割模型,由此可从遥感影像中提取基本的道路网轮廓,然后再针对道路区域存在非道路点:空洞和裂缝等情况,采用膨胀、腐蚀等操作去除杂乱物块,最后通过数学形态学操作提取出道路网。实验结果表明,该方法能够适用道路、建筑物、植被等多种复杂地物的城市遥感影像中提取道路网,且能获得较好地提取效果。