右江褶皱带有金属矿床成矿系列初步研究

右江褶皱带位于华南褶皱系的南西端，地质构造复杂，有色金属矿产丰富，本文对该区有色金属矿床的两个主要成矿系列进行了研究，一是与重熔型花岗岩类有关的锡－铜－银多金属矿床成矿系列，其中又可将其分为锡－铜与银多金属两个亚系列，二是沉积－改造型层控锑矿床成矿系列，本文以上旧，都龙，白占厂，德保，凤凰山和木利，马雄等矿床为实例，分别讨论了两个成矿系列的主要特征，控矿因素和矿床成因。     

西天山查岗诺尔地区矿床成矿系列和找矿方向

西天山查岗诺尔地区是新疆重要的铁铜成矿带，形成于伊犁石炭－二叠纪裂谷。矿床类型有火山喷气沉积型铅锌硫化物矿、火山喷气沉积改造型铁铜、铜锌、铜硫化物矿、火山热液型铜硫化物矿、热液脉型金矿、火山热液型铜银矿。成矿系列划为与伊犁石炭－二叠纪裂谷火山－沉积作用有关的铁、铜、铅、锌、金、银多金属成矿系列，成矿亚系列为与下石炭统海相火山－沉积岩有关的铁、铜、锌、铅、金等层控硫化物矿床成矿亚系列和与下二叠统陆相火山－次火山岩有关的铜银矿成矿亚系列。矿床式有查岗诺尔式、欠哈布代克萨拉式、胜利式、巴勒陶萨拉式、哈尔嘎嘎林恩式、艾肯达坂式等。     

河北主要成矿区带与岩浆作用有关的矿床成矿系列及成矿模式

本文以程裕淇教授等地质学家提出的矿床成矿系列理论为指导，对河北主要成矿区带与岩浆作用有关的矿床成矿系列进行了划分。共划分出１０个矿床成矿系列，１２个亚系列，３８个矿床式。河北跨华北地台与内蒙－大溢安岭褶皱系两个一级大地构造单元，由燕山台褶带，内蒙地轴，山西断隆等５个二级构造单元组成。     

闽西南地区大地构造演化和矿床时空分布规律

在充分吸收前人工作成果的基础上,讨论了闽西南地区的主要矿床类型及其特征,将闽西南地区的矿床划分为三个矿床成矿系列:晋宁期与海相火山作用有关的铅、锌、银多金属块状硫化物矿床成矿系列;海西-印支期与火成岩有关的铁、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床成矿系列;燕山期与中酸性火成岩有关的铁、铜、铅、锌、钼、钨、锡、金、银、铀等多金属矿床成矿系列。其中,与燕山期有关的矿床成矿系列可进一步划分为侏罗纪早期与壳幔混合源I型花岗闪长岩有关的铁、铜、铅、锌矿床成矿亚系列;侏罗纪晚期与壳源S型花岗质岩体有关的钨、锡、钼、铋多金属矿床成矿亚系列;早白垩世与壳源型中酸性侵入岩有关的层控矽卡岩型铁、铜、铅、锌、钼多金属矿床成矿亚系列;早白垩世与壳幔混合源型中酸性侵入岩-次火山作用有关的金、银、铜、钼、铅、锌、铀等多金属矿床成矿亚系列。总结研究提出了各成矿(亚)系列的形成背景、时空分布规律,初步认为晋宁期VMS型多金属矿床形成于华南联合陆块拉张裂解形成的政和-大埔海底双峰式火山盆地环境,海西-印支期岩浆热液-斑岩型金属矿床形成于陆内伸展与挤压环境交替出现的岩浆侵入过程中,而燕山期成矿(亚)系列则形成于太平洋构造域时期的陆内伸展与挤压环境交替出现的岩浆侵入与火山喷发的过程中。     

中国铜矿床成矿系列研究进展

矿床成矿系列理论在中国经过三十多年的发展,已被广泛应用于找矿勘查实践。文章在以往矿床成矿系列研究的基础上,对中国铜矿床的成矿系列进行了补充与完善,厘定出30个以铜为特色的矿床成矿系列。结合全国地质与成矿演化,分析铜矿床成矿系列在主要地质历史时期的特点与时空分布规律,其中,前寒武纪7个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以变质型和岩浆型为主;古生代8个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以海相火山岩型为主;中生代13个铜矿床成矿系列和新生代2个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型均以斑岩型和矽卡岩型为主。西藏地区铜矿找矿突破显著,新增2个全国范围的铜矿床成矿系列。矿床成矿系列的复合,是中国铜矿床成矿系列研究的重要成果和特色。     

西昆仑及邻区成矿规律和成矿系列

成矿系列是研究区域成矿规律的一种学术思想,主张用系统论、活动论的观点研究在地质历史发展的各阶段、各特定地质构造环境中成矿作用的过程及形成的矿床组合自然体。本文基于对西昆仑及邻区大地构造演化的新认识和新理解,结合研究区境内外地质和矿产勘查研究新进展,尤其是大批成矿年龄精测数据和对成岩成矿物质来源的新认识,将西昆仑及邻区内生金属矿产资源划分为8个主要矿床成矿系列：（1）古元古代鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿成矿系列;（2）中元古代层控碳酸盐岩型铁铜金矿床成矿系列;（3）志留纪沉积变质岩系有关的Fe矿床成矿系列;（4）晚泥盆世-早石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型铅锌（铜）矿床成矿系列;（5）石炭纪火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床成矿系列;（6）晚石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型锰矿床成矿系列;（7）侏罗纪-白垩纪层控（MVT）和沉积喷流型（SEDEX）型铅锌矿床成矿系列;（8）中新生代与伟晶岩有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列。叙述了各个成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿特征、矿床组合、时空分布规律和典型矿床特征等。本次成矿系列的划分,强调以重大构造事件作为背景,突出以重大构造事件与大规模成矿的耦合关系作为出发点,力求从更大尺度上认识矿床形成的成矿动力学背景。值得指出的是,研究区幅员辽阔,不少矿床的成矿系列具有明显空间递变性,如与特提斯洋闭合和碰撞有关的成矿事件横跨原特提斯-古特提斯和新特提斯阶段;北昆仑地体为塔里木古陆的一部分,记录从古元古代早期到新元古代的构造演化对Rodinia 超大陆汇聚和裂解的响应。在长期演化过程中,西昆仑及其邻区形成了独特的成矿系列。     

冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿规律及找矿预测

根据全国重要矿产潜力评价项目成矿规律研究之成果,开展综合分析,将冈底斯成矿带东段划分为驱龙-甲玛铜多金属矿集区等13个矿集区,确定了主要矿集区中重要矿床的矿床类型,总结了矿床时空分布和矿床组合等方面成矿规律,完善了矿床成矿系列、亚系列和矿床谱系,建立了中新世斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿的控岩控矿模式.提出燕山晚期—喜马拉雅早期冈底斯中部中酸性岩浆岩接触带似IOCG型铁铜金矿、早中侏罗世—中新世斑岩型铜矿外围的浅成低温热液金矿、与剪切带有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿等是冈底斯成矿带东段下一步找矿的重要矿床类型.     

新疆北部中——大型金、铜矿床的基本成矿特征

通过对新疆北部10多个中－大型金、铜矿床的对比研究，探讨了其含矿建造及其岩石化学成分，将这些中－大型金、铜矿床概括为块状硫化物型铜－多金属－金矿系列、浅成低温热液型金矿系列、铜镍硫化物型矿床系列、与韧性剪切带有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿系列、与夕卡岩有关的铜（钼）矿床系列等5个成矿系列类型、并指出本区金、铜矿床存在“一代，双峰”和“集中成矿，分片富集”的时空分布特点；在探讨有关典型矿床的硫同位素、铅同位素、稀土元素地球化学特征的基础上，阐述了本区中－大型金、铜矿床具有明显的多成矿物质来源和多成矿阶段等基本特性；最后建立了本区中－大型金、铜矿床的区域成矿模式。     

闽西北与裂谷有关的金银多金属矿床成矿特征

本文在筒述崇安－长汀古地堑盆地基本特征的基础上，重点论述了与该地暂盆地相关的金银多金属矿床成矿作用特征，建立了裂谷改造－再造型和裂谷沉积变质－热液叠架改造型两种矿床成因类型，阐明了成矿的机制，建立了成矿模式。     

青海省典型铁矿矿床特征及其成矿系列的浅析

青海省铁矿床（点）成因类型可划分为镁铁-超镁铁岩浆成矿系列的结晶分异型矿床；壳幔型中酸性岩浆成矿系列的热液型、矽卡岩型矿床；火山喷流-沉积成矿系列的层控型矿床；叠加改造成矿系列的层控改造型、改造热液型、沉积变质型矿床；沉积喷流成矿系列的层控型矿床；沉积成矿系列的陆、海相沉积型矿床．通过对这些成矿系列的典型铁矿矿床特征的研究，从其成矿构造地质环境分析，许多铁多金属矿床（点）均具有形成大型以上矿床的成矿地质条件，且多伴生铜、铅、锌、金银等多金属矿产。研究认为，在今后的找矿勘查过程中，应利用成矿系列的规律，并注重对共（伴）生组分的综合评价，这对扩大全省的找矿远景，提高资源综合利用水平，提高铁矿床技术经济价值具有重要的意义。     

Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in New South Wales

The northwestern corner of New South Wales consists of the paratectonic Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian Adelaide Fold Belt and older rocks, which represent basement inliers in this fold belt. The rest of the state is built by the composite Late Proterozoic to Triassic Tasman Fold Belt System or Tasmanides.In New South Wales the Tasman Fold Belt System includes three fold belts: (1) the Late Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic Kanmantoo Fold Belt; (2) the Early to Middle Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt; and (3) the Early Palaeozoic to Triassic New England Fold Belt. The Late Palaeozoic to Triassic Sydney—Bowen Basin represents the foredeep of the New England Fold Belt.The Tasmanides developed in an active plate margin setting through the interaction of East Gondwanaland with the Ur-(Precambrian) and Palaeo-Pacific plates. The Tasmanides are characterized by a polyphase terrane accretion history: during the Late Proterozoic to Triassic the Tasmanides experienced three major episodes of terrane dispersal (Late Proterozoic—Cambrian, Silurian—Devonian, and Late Carboniferous—Permian) and six terrane accretionary events (Cambrian—Ordovician, Late Ordovician—Early Silurian, Middle Devonian, Carboniferous, Middle-Late Permian, and Triassic). The individual fold belts resulted from one or more accretionary events.The Kanmantoo Fold Belt has a very restricted range of mineralization and is characterized by stratabound copper deposits, whereas the Lachlan and New England Fold Belts have a great variety of metallogenic environments associated with both accretionary and dispersive tectonic episodes.The earliest deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt are stratabound Cu and Mn deposits of Cambro-Ordovician age. In the Ordovician Cu deposits were formed in a volcanic are. In the Silurian porphyry Cu---Au deposits were formed during the late stages of development of the same volcanic are. Post-accretionary porphyry Cu---Au deposits were emplaced in the Early Devonian on the sites of the accreted volcanic arc. In the Middle to Late Silurian and Early Devonian a large number of base metal deposits originated as a result of rifting and felsic volcanism. In the Silurian and Early Devonian numerous Sn---W, Mo and base metal—Au granitoid related deposits were formed. A younger group of Mo---W and Sn deposits resulted from Early—Middle Carboniferous granitic plutonism in the eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt. In the Middle Devonian epithermal Au was associated with rifting and bimodal volcanism in the extreme eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt.In the New England Fold Belt pre-accretionary deposits comprise stratabound Cu and Mn deposits (pre-Early Devonian): stratabound Cu and Mn and ?exhalite Au deposits (Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous); and stratabound Cu, exhalite Au, and quartz—magnetite (?Late Carboniferous). S-type magmatism in the Late Carboniferous—Early Permian was responsible for vein Sn and possibly Au---As---Ag---Sb deposits. Volcanogenic base metals, when compared with the Lachlan Fold Belt, are only poorly represented, and were formed in the Early Permian. The metallogenesis of the New England Fold Belt is dominated by granitoid-related mineralization of Middle Permian to Triassic age, including Sn---W, Mo---W, and Au---Ag---As Sb deposits. Also in the Middle Permian epithermal Au---Ag mineralization was developed. During the above period of post-orogenic magmatism sizeable metahydrothermal Sb---Au(---W) and Au deposits were emplaced in major fracture and shear zones in central and eastern New England. The occurrence of antimony provides an additional distinguishing factor between the New England and Lachlan Fold Belts. In the New England Fold Belt antimony deposits are abundant whereas they are rare in the Lachlan Fold Belt. This may suggest fundamental crustal differences.     

初论华南加里东花岗岩与大规模成矿作用的关系

华南加里东期的花岗岩类在强度和广度上仅次于燕山期花岗岩,是华南大花岗岩省的重要组成部分。但是前人对于
加里东期花岗岩类与成矿关系的报道较少,早期的研究甚至认为加里东期花岗岩一般不成矿。本文根据对近年来在某些地
区和矿床出现的加里东期花岗岩类及相关矿化现象的初步研究成果,并结合对相关文献的调研,提出华南地区加里东期花
岗岩类与该地区钨锡等金属大规模成矿作用之间具有相当密切的关系。这种关系主要表现在三个方面：（1）某些加里东期
花岗岩、尤其是那些演化比较充分的加里东晚期花岗岩可能在晚阶段直接形成矿床,如湘东南的彭公庙、桂北的牛塘界、
桂东北的桂岭、右江地区的钦甲等花岗岩体,但是其重要性相对较小;（2）某些加里东期花岗岩可能为该地区较晚期的成
矿作用提供部分成矿物质来源,如在赣南的石雷、粤北的梅子窝等钨矿床可能有这种情况,在湘南的益将,加里东期的石
英闪长岩为风化壳型稀土- 钪矿化直接提供了成矿物质来源。（3）更为重要的是华南地区正是从加里东期开始进入了陆内
演化的阶段,加里东期花岗岩类开启了以地壳物质重熔为主的华南大花岗岩省形成和发展的重要一幕,标志着华南陆壳进
入不断成熟、亲石成矿元素不断向陆壳富集的阶段,多旋回花岗岩浆活动及其演化使钨锡等金属元素在燕山期花岗岩中高
度富集,并最终导致了华南地区举世瞩目的燕山期大规模成矿作用。     

Geochronology of granite and associated Sn mineralization in the Shuangyuanchong Sn deposit and its implication for Sn-W prospecting potential in the Shizhuyuan-Hehuaping area,the Nanling region,South ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

南岭成矿带是全球最重要的钨锡成矿带之一,区内钨锡成矿条件优渥,是开展钨锡找矿勘查的重要目标区。然而如何开展钨锡找矿工作,尤其是在已有矿床周缘圈定成矿远景区,是钨锡成矿作用研究以及找矿勘查工作关注的重要科学问题。双园冲矿床位于南岭成矿带中西段,处于荷花坪与柿竹园两个大型锡钨多金属矿田中间,并与两个矿田处于同一构造体系,但目前对该矿床的研究程度较低,由此也制约了其矿床成因研究及该区的找矿部署。本次研究获得双园冲云英岩化花岗岩的锆石和独居石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为161.2±2.5Ma和157.1±1.8Ma,与云英岩型矿石中锡石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(158.9±2.9Ma)一致,二者均形成于晚侏罗世,表明其具有密切的成因关系,这一年龄也与南岭成矿带钨锡成矿大爆发时代(150-160Ma)一致。综合对比双园冲锡矿及与其空间相邻的柿竹园和荷花坪锡多金属矿田特征显示,三者成岩成矿时代一致,岩体侵位和矿体分布均受NE向断裂控制,矿体也均赋存于中-上泥盆统碳酸盐岩地层中,并且成矿花岗岩具有相似的岩石学特征和岩浆源区。综合以上信息,本文提出三个矿床可能形成于同一次岩浆热液活动,成矿岩体可能来自地壳深部同一个大岩浆房,柿竹园和荷花坪之间的区域具有发育晚侏罗世花岗岩体及相关钨锡矿的较大潜力。根据双园冲锡矿及其周缘大型锡钨矿床浅部脉状Pb-Zn-Fe-Mn矿化和深部矽卡岩-云英岩型Sn-W矿化的特征,提出研究区乃至整个南岭地区浅部脉状Pb-Zn-Fe-Mn矿化是深部Sn-W找矿勘查的有利部位。     

花岗质次火山岩的成因类型及成矿专属性

与花岗质火山岩具不同的成因类型相似,自然界也存在着不同成因类型的次火山岩。后者与三大成因类型花岗岩相对应,亦可分为壳型次火山岩,过渡型次火山岩和幔型次火山岩三类。亮型次火山岩主要与U、REE,W、Sn、Nb、Ta等矿产有关系,属花岗岩矿床系列。过渡型次火山岩主要与Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au有关,并伴有W、Sn成矿、属斑岩矿床系列。幔型次火山岩主要与黄铁矿型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿化有关,属海相火山岩矿床系列。     

Major types and time–space distribution of Mesozoic ore deposits in South China and their geodynamic settings

The ore deposits of the Mesozoic age in South China can be divided into three groups, each with different metal associations and spatial distributions and each related to major magmatic events. The first event occurred in the Late Triassic (230–210 Ma), the second in the Mid–Late Jurassic (170–150 Ma), and the third in the Early–Mid Cretaceous (120–80 Ma). The Late Triassic magmatic event and associated mineralization is characterized by peraluminous granite-related W–Sn–Nb–Ta mineral deposits. The Triassic ore deposits are considerably disturbed or overprinted by the later Jurassic and Cretaceous tectono-thermal episodes. The Mid–Late Jurassic magmatic and mineralization events consist of 170–160 Ma porphyry–skarn Cu and Pb–Zn–Ag vein deposits associated with I-type granites and 160–150 Ma metaluminous granite-related polymetallic W–Sn deposits. The Late Jurassic metaluminous granite-related W–Sn deposits occur in a NE-trending cluster in the interior of South China, such as in the Nanling area. In the Early–Mid Cretaceous, from about 120 to 80 Ma, but peaking at 100–90 Ma, subvolcanic-related Fe deposits developed and I-type calc-alkaline granitic intrusions formed porphyry Cu–Mo and porphyry-epithermal Cu–Au–Ag mineral systems, whereas S-type peraluminous and/or metaluminous granitic intrusions formed polymetallic Sn deposits. These Cretaceous mineral deposits cluster in distinct areas and are controlled by pull-apart basins along the South China continental margin. Based on mineral assemblage, age, and space–time distribution of these mineral systems, integrated with regional geological data and field observations, we suggest that the three magmatic–mineralization episodes are the result of distinct geodynamic regimes. The Triassic peraluminous granites and associated W–Sn–Nb–Ta mineralization formed during post-collisional processes involving the South China Block, the North China Craton, and the Indo-China Block, mostly along the Dabie-Sulu and Songma sutures. Jurassic events were initially related to the shallow oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate beneath the Eurasian continent at about 175 Ma, but I-type granitoids with porphyry Cu and vein-type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits only began to form as a result of the breakup of the subducted plate at 170–160 Ma, along the NNE-trending Qinzhou-Hangzhou belt (also referred to as Qin-Hang or Shi-Hang belt), which is the Neoproterozoic suture that amalgamates the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia Block. A large subduction slab window is assumed to have formed in the Nanling and adjacent areas in the interior of South China, triggering the uprise of asthenospheric mantle into the upper crust and leading to the emplacement of metaluminous granitic magma and associated polymetallic W–Sn mineralization. A relatively tectonically quiet period followed between 150 and 135 Ma in South China. From 135 Ma onward, the angle of convergence of the Izanagi plate changed from oblique to parallel to the coastline, resulting in continental extensional tectonics and reactivation of regional-scale NE-trending faults, such as the Tan-Lu fault. This widespread extension also promoted the development of NE-trending pull-apart basins and metamorphic core complexes, accompanied by volcanism and the formation of epithermal Cu–Au deposits, granite-related polymetallic Sn–(W) deposits and hydrothermal U deposits between 120 and 80 Ma (with a peak activity at 100–90 Ma).     

新疆东准噶尔北部荒漠区金属矿床白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其找矿意义

东准噶尔北部荒漠区植被属土砾质荒漠植被类型,占优势的植物群落为白茎绢蒿(Seriphidium terrae-albae(Krasch)Poljak),覆盖度为20%~25%。为探讨植物地球化学方法在荒漠区找矿的有效性,本文选择了隐伏于荒漠覆盖下的喀拉通克铜镍矿、希勒库都克铜钼矿和阿克塔斯金铜矿作为实例,研究生长在这些矿床地表的白茎绢蒿植物地球化学异常特征及其与矿化的关系。研究发现:这些矿床上部均发育植物地球化学综合异常,综合异常的宽度略大于矿体或矿化带的宽度,异常元素组合具有套合性和分带性。本文认为:(1)植物异常中强度较高、清晰度及连续性较好、规模较大的主导元素组合及其异常参数可以作为区分不同矿化类型的标志或指标,进而圈定成矿靶区;(2)植物综合异常的空间分布及其套合性和分带性,能大致确定隐伏矿床(体)的位置;(3)植物异常的元素组合、异常规模和异常强度,能大致推测隐伏矿床(体)的埋藏深度和矿化规模。     

Redox problems in the “metallogenic specialization” of magmatic rocks and the genesis of hydrothermal ore mineralization

Considering the history and current state of the problem of the so-called metallogenic specialization of magmatic rocks, the paper places emphasis onto various aspects of the genesis of ore mineralization depending on the redox state of magmas (as a logical continuation of S. Ishihara’s works), fluids, and host rocks. These problems were inadequately poorly explored and discussed by researchers dealing with ore deposits. Various possible variants of ore-forming redox processes for different types of mineral deposits, with ore mineralization affiliated to granites (Ta, Sn, W, Mo, and Be) and mafic magmas (Au, Ag, U, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, and Hg) and, accordingly, to crustal and mantle origin, are discussed. On the basis of analyzed geological data, including those published over the past three decades, it is shown that the redox state of ore-producing magmas commonly significantly impacted not only the ore potential of magmatic complexes but also the genetic type of the ore mineralization. The redox state of the fluids predetermined the transport and precipitation speciation of metals. Influence mechanisms of hydrocarbons from sedimentary country rocks and gaseous products of their pyrolysis on ore deposition of various metals are considered. Understanding these mechanisms can be helpful for predicting the possible precipitation sites of ore mineralization of noble, radioactive, and chalcophile metals.     

Study on the Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te Sulfosalt Minerals from the Hydrothermal System of Southwestern Hokkaido,Japan

Shin‐Otoyo, Suttsu, Teine, Date, Chitose, and Koryu are sites rich in precious and base metal Miocene–Pleistocene epithermal deposits, and located in southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. The deposits are predominantly hosted by the Green Tuff Formation of Middle Miocene age. Ore petrographic study of these deposits shows the occurrence of variable quantities of Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te sulfosalt minerals. Determination of mineralogical and chemical compositions of the sulfosalt minerals was undertaken to elucidate the time and spatial changes of the sulfide‐sulfosalt minerals. Various types of sulfosalt minerals identified from gold–silver and base metal quartz–sulfide veins represented some sulfosalt mineralization phases, such as the Cu–Fe–Sn–S phase of mawsonite and stannite; Cu–(As,Sb)–S phase of tetrahedrite–tennantite and luzonite–famatinite series minerals; (Cu,Ag)–Bi–Pb–S phase of emplectite, pavonite, friedrichite, aikinite, and lillianite–gustavite series minerals; (Ag,Cu)–(As,Sb)–S phase of proustite–pyrargyrite and pearceite–polybasite series minerals; and Bi–Te–S phase of tetradymite and kawazulite minerals. There are some trends in the paragenetic sequence of sulfosalt mineralization in southwestern Hokkaido (in complete or partial) as follows: sulfide → Cu–Fe–Sn–S → (Cu,Ag)–Bi–Pb–S → (Bi–Te–S) → Cu–(As,Sb)–S → ([Ag,Cu]–[As,Sb]–S). The formation of sulfosalt minerals is characterized by the introduction of some elements such as Sn, Bi, and Te at an earlier stage and an increase or decrease of some elements such as As and Sb, followed by the introduction of Ag at the later stage of ore mineral paragenesis sequence. Mineral composition of the Chitose and Koryu deposits are slightly different from those of Shin‐Otoyo, Suttsu, Teine, and Date due to their lack of Sn (tin) and Bi (bismuth) mineralization. The variable concentrations and relationships are not simply with redistributed trace elements from the original sulfide minerals of chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Some heavier elements were also introduced during the replacement reaction, which is consistent with the occurrence of their associated minerals.     

A preliminary discussion on the geochemical role of country-rock media in cassiterite-polymetallic sulphide mineralization,Dachang ore field,Guangxi, China

Our metallogenic studies of the Dachang ore field show that the country-rock media have great influence on the process of mineralization. They can not only contribute part of the ore-forming material, but also have influence on the geochemical evolution of granitic magma and ore fluids. The Dachang ore field can be taken as a typical example to show the influence of country-rock media on mineralization. Geological field investigations indicate that where granites intruded weakly alkalic country rocks (e.g. middle Devonian limestones and silicorites of platform facies in the Dachang), instead of carbonaceous shales of reducing basin facies, Sn would be able to enter rock-forming minerals in large quantities to form cassiterite-sulfide ore deposits of commercial value. So, it may be concluded that the process of magmatic differentiation-evolution, mineralization and tectonic settings of ore deposits are, more or less, controlled by their country-rock media.