大菱鲆营养需求与饲料研究进展

大菱鲆是欧洲沿海的特有名贵鱼类之一，于1992年引入我国，目前已发展成为我国北方的一个主养品种，取得了巨大的经济和社会效益，被视为我国海水养殖的一个新的经济增长点。本文中总结了近年来国内外有关大菱鲆营养与饲料方面的研究报道，结果表明，大菱鲆对蛋白质有很高的营养需求，饲料中蛋白质的含量对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长起着重要的作用，对鱼体的增重方面影响极显著，对配合饲料的转换率影响显著。脂肪可以促进大菱鲆蛋白质的转化利用，从而达到节约饲料蛋白质的目的。饲料中的脂肪酸对大菱鲆特别是其仔稚鱼的生长很重要。目前国际上大菱鲆的饲料配制水平差别较大，研究认为大菱鲆配合饲料中适宜的蛋白质含量为42％以上，脂肪含量为12％以上。随着大菱鲆对各种营养参数的研究完善后，必将会提高饲料的配制水平。展望了大菱鲆营养需求与配合饲料的研究前景和发展方向。     

鲤鱼配合饲料中添加无机盐效果的研究

为查明在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加无机盐的实际效果，在水库网箱中进行了饲料中添加不同无机盐对鲤生长影响的试验研究。结果表明：饲料中添加磷有稳定的积极作用，为必须添加的营养元素；而实验中添加的锌、镁和铜等成分则有负作用，故额外添加和水中含量较高会对鲤鱼生长产生抑制作用。另外，还发现多种元素混合使用时，有相互拮抗作用，减少了磷的正作用及锌、铜的负作用。据此认为，在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加混合无机盐定型产品不一定能达到预期效果，其配方应与配合饲料中大量成分的配方相结合     

闽东大黄鱼饲料的现状与对策

近年来，大黄鱼养殖业发展迅速，饲料供给出现了激烈的竞争.冻、鲜杂鱼仍是养殖大黄鱼的主要饲料，但存在着资源破坏、环境污染的问题.配合饲料使用量增加较快，品牌杂、规格多、质量差异大.期待加大科研力度，深入进行大黄鱼专用配合饲料的研究，尽快制订出大黄鱼配合饲料的质量标准，加强质量监督.     

开发开然矿物饲料前景广阔

本文通过对国内外开发矿物饲料资料的综述与分析。指出矿物饲料具有添加剂、净化剂、调节剂、催化剂等的功能，它既弥补了饲料中必不可少的微量元素，又降低了粮耗。因此，开发天然矿物饲料有着十分广阔的前景。尽快查明我省可供开发应用的矿物饲料的资源量、分布、质量等，尤为重要。在追踪当代研究与应用信息，并学习与借鉴国内外已有成果的基础上，加强应用研究与生产试验，将有助于推动我省矿物饲料工业向高层次方向发展。     

对虾免疫配合饲料研究

对虾疾病给对虾养殖业带来了巨大的损失，而提高对虾自身的免疫能力则是解决这一问题的根本途径.传统饲料已不能满足对虾养殖业的发展，药物饵料将是今后饲料工业的研究对象，而免疫配合饲料则是药物饵料的研究重点对象之一，它对对虾疾病防治起重要作用.本文对对虾免疫配合饲料研究的趋势作一概述.     

面对水产饲料标准的思考

水产饲料标准的颁布，规范了市场行为，但数量偏少，不利于对水产饲料质量的全面管理.我国实行推荐性饲料标准，有助于生产适销对路产品，但在卫生安全指标上仍应加以规范.     

对当前鳗鱼配合饲料生产若干问题的探讨

本文分析了当前鳗鱼饲料厂重复建设和饲料价格昂贵的状况，探讨了鳗鱼饲料和质量管理的问题，提出了现有生产配方存在的问题和改进的方法，并指明今后重点研究的内容，此外，探讨了药物饲料和欧洲鳗饲料的开发问题。     

浅论欧鳗饲料与鳗池水质污染

本文从欧鳗对饲料蛋白质的需要量，论及饲料的质量，以及投饵前的饲料加工和投饵技术与饲料散失的关系。     

饲料脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响

本文报道了饲料中不同脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响结果，试验饲料是以酪蛋白质，鱼粉，糊精和纤维素等为主要原料配制而成的等氮和等能量的半精制饲料，以等量混合的海水鱼油，豆油作为肪源，试验周期为25d，结果表明；施氏鲟饲料中脂肪适宜含量为5．6－11．4％，最适合含量为7．5％左右，肝脏脂质含量和中性脂质含量随着饲料脂肪添加量的增加而升高，但在饲料脂肪适宜含量范围内各组间却无显著差异。     

鲍人工配合饲料中维生素C的稳定性

本文研究了鲍人工配合饲料的加工和应用过程中,维生素Ｃ的稳定性和损失规律。结果表明,在４５、６０、８０、１００、１２０℃的５种烘干温度条件下,饲料中ＶＣ的保留率分别为６１％、６２％、６５％、１９％和６％。烘干温度以８０℃最合适。统计分析表明,饲料中水份一与ＶＣ的损失程度呈高度相关性,烘干过程应尽快除去饲料中水份,。饲料在浸泡第水应用过程中,未经特别处理的饲料Ａ,浸泡２４ｈ后ＶＣ的损失率为９８％,而经     

鱼类生长激素的异源表达、应用及安全性评价

鱼类生长激素对鱼的生长发育起着重要的调节作用，能促进鱼体快速生长，提高饵料转化率，在水产养殖业中具有重大应用价值。转生长激素基因鱼具有快速生长效应，可以缩短养殖周期，降低养殖成本和风险。鱼类生长激素基因异源表达体系的建立和发展，使获得大量廉价的鱼类生长激素产品成为可能，为鱼类养殖业新型饵料添加剂的研制开辟了新的途径。本文综述了转生长激素基因鱼和鱼类生长激素基因的异源表达两方面的研究及其安全性评价。     

海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展

综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究进展 ,并结合中国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负面影响。为减小这一影响 ,认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。     

室内受控条件下对虾养殖环境综合生物修复技术研究

本研究在室内受控条件下,在虾、贝、藻的多池内循环养殖的基础上,采用残饵污染控制技术减少残饵生成量,并针对对虾养殖中产生的主要目标污染物质及其存在形态,镶嵌以相应的生物修复技术,探讨了综合生物修复技术对对虾养殖生态系统自身污染的修复效果。研究结果表明:采用虾、贝、藻及生物滤池综合生物修复技术可有效降低养殖水体中的悬浮物、溶解无机碳和溶解有机碳的含量。残饵即时修复技术可显著减少残饵生成量,但梭鱼和沙蚕对沉积物的扰动作用对综合生物修复效果产生了一定的负面影响。综合生物修复技术中大型藻类对水体中溶解无机氮的修复能力略显不足,在实际修复过程中需充分考虑大型藻类固氮速率和系统内生物排氮速率的平衡关系,并确保能满足大型藻快速生长最佳的水层空间。单靠微生物滤池对水体中有机物的修复能力并不理想,需辅助增加泡沫分离等技术,提高系统对大分子胶体的去除能力。本研究为进一步构建现场对虾养殖环境的综合生物修复技术体系奠定了基础。     

加强鱿鱼资源的加工和综合利用技术研究

鱿鱼已成为一种新的高产渔业资源。为了促进鱿钓生产稳健持续发展 ,应加强对鱿鱼资源的加工和综合利用技术的研究。介绍了鱿鱼的营养价值、加工特性及鱿鱼制品的加工状况 ,并指出了鱿鱼副产物综合利用和深加工的途径     

Compliance monitoring in a regional context: revising seafood tissue monitoring for risk assessment

Seafood tissue monitoring in Santa Monica Bay, CA, for regulatory compliance has provided information about contamination around major wastewater outfalls, but has not been useful in health management. It has not always focused on species caught by sport fishing, or on key sport fishing areas. Separate programs were uncoordinated, using distinct sampling patterns to collect different species. Most importantly, monitoring was not designed to feed information into a formal health management process. The Santa Monica Bay Restoration Project oversaw the development of a regionally coordinated monitoring program. It stressed that monitoring should support risk-based health management decision making by California EPA. This led to fundamental changes in the existing compliance-based monitoring design. We describe these and examine the features of the management system that both allowed for and supported an unusual degree of change in long-standing compliance monitoring programs.     

Modelling the growth of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in semi-intensive earth production ponds using the Dynamic Energy Budget approach

Fish growth models may help understanding the influence of environmental, physiological and husbandry factors on fish production, providing crucial information to maximize the growth rates of cultivated species. The main objectives of this work were to: i) develop and implement an Individual Based Model using a Dynamic Energy Budget (IBM-DEB) approach to simulate the growth of two commercially important Sparidae species in semi-intensive earth ponds, the white seabream which is considered as a potential candidate for Mediterranean aquaculture and the gilthead seabream that has been cultivated since the early 80s; ii) evaluate which model parameters are more likely to affect fish performance, and iii) investigate which parameters might account for growth differences between the cultivated species. The model may be run in two modes: the “state variable” mode, in which an average fish is simulated with a particular parameter set and the “Individual Based Model” (IBM) mode that simulates a population of n fishes, each with its specific parameter set assigned randomly. The IBM mode has the advantage of allowing a quick model calibration and an evaluation of the parameter sets that produce the best fit between predicted and observed fish growth. Results revealed that the model reproduces reasonably well the growth of the two seabreams. Fish performance was mainly affected by parameters related to feed ingestion/assimilation and reserves utilization, suggesting that special attention should be taken in the estimation of these parameters when applying the model to other species. Comparing the DEB parameters set of the two sparids it seems that the white seabream's low growth rates are a result of higher maintenance costs and a lower feed assimilation efficiency. Hence, the development of new feed formulations may be crucial for the success of white seabream production in semi-intensive earth ponds.     

海藻榨取液在海湾扇贝亲贝蓄养中的应用

海湾扇贝自然分布于美国东海岸的浅水区,1982年由中国科学院海洋研究所引进,因其生长快,养殖周期短,产量高,经济效益明显,深受广大群众的欢迎,但苗种不足影响其养殖发展。针对这一问题,各育苗场普遍采用了提     

Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression during early development processes of the tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Differential expression of genes is crucial to growth and development of fish. To select the appropriate genes for gene normalization during Cynoglossus semilaevis early developmental process, eight candidate reference genes (ACTB, B2M, EF1A, GADPH, RPL7, TUBA, UBCE and 18S) were tested for their adequacy by using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression of all the examined genes exhibited tissue dependent variations in the mature C. semilaevis. EF1A was listed as the most stable reference among the 14 tissues by RefFinder. Furthermore, the recommended comprehensive ranking of the stability determined by RefFinder showed that 18S was the most stable gene during the early developmental stages (from oosphere to 90 days old) in this study. However, when divided the C_t value data of the above mentioned early developmental stages into two separate periods (embryo and post-hatching periods), TUBA and 18S represented the most stable references of these two developmental periods, respectively. Consequently, the reference gene should be carefully and accurately chosen even for studies of the same species at various developmental processes. The relevant data may help in selecting appropriate reference genes for mRNA expression analysis, and is of great value in the studies of fish growth and development.