冻土粘弹塑损伤耦合本构理论

随着寒区工农业的发展以及冻结施工技术在工程上的推广应用 ,对冻土强度及蠕变的深入研究越来越显示出它的重要性 .依据连续介质力学和热力学原理 ,建立了冻土粘弹塑损伤耦合本构理论 .在理论分析及试验验证的基础上 ,提出损伤演变律及损伤门槛值的具体形式 ,同时分析了围压对冻土的强化及弱化机理 ,建立了与球应力相关的未冻水含量状态方程以及粘塑性耗散势函数 .与三轴恒应力蠕变试验结果对比 ,该理论模型是适应的     

饱和土中浅埋隧道耦合二维动力响应解答探讨

针对平面波耦合作用下饱和半空间中浅埋隧道二维动力响应的典型问题的解答进行探讨。首先基于Biot饱和孔隙介质理论建立饱和土场方程,并通过中间势函数的代入推导得到饱和土体中的快纵波、慢纵波及横波的Helmholtz势函数方程,随后引入柱坐标系下饱和土体和弹性衬砌的势函数通解,并代入边界条件中,建立以第n组参数为变量的多元一次齐次线性方程组。采用本文的推导思路,可以解决饱和土体中的浅埋隧道在地震作用时P波和S波耦合作用下的响应问题。     

地震作用下煤矿开采损伤建筑的能量耗散演化致灾分析

基于耗散结构理论,从能量理论角度对煤矿开采区建筑物的动力破坏过程进行了系统的定量分析。提出了建筑物能量耗散的理论判据,研究了地震作用下煤矿开采区建筑的损伤演化灾变过程。根据结构动力学理论,建立了煤矿开采区建筑物在地震作用下的能量演化平衡方程,定量分析了地震作用下煤矿开采区建筑物系统中耗散能量的变化过程。结果表明:在开采沉陷和地震联合作用下,建筑物与外界产生更多的有害的能量交换,进而产生更多的塑性损伤变形,结构阻尼耗能降低;根据建筑物能量耗散演化趋势应建立合适的抗开采沉陷变形隔震保护新体系,为我国矿区建筑物保护提供借鉴意义。     

关于岩石的剥离破坏过程及混合破坏准则

基于热力学定律研究了岩石在强动载作用下的损伤演化过程。从分析可以看出，材料在强烈应力波作用下的损伤演化过程是一个不可逆的热力学过程，其中伴随着能量的耗散过程。同时也是一个强烈非平衡过程，线性近似不能很好地描述它，必须采用更强烈的损伤对于应力的依赖关系。岩石是充满随机分布的微裂纹的介质，其数目及尺寸服从一定的分布，仅仅用一个损伤量还不能准确地反映损伤的程度。因此本文基于密度准则及微损伤的统计描述，建立了一个混合的破坏准则，所反映的微裂纹的信息更多。     

地球内部存在低应力长时间作用的黏性破坏吗?

根据变形耗散理论,本文提出了一个长期以来被忽略的问题:地球内部低应力长时间作用下超塑性蠕变会导致黏性流变破坏吗?一些实验表明在纳米相合金和陶瓷中观察到高应变率下的超塑性,因而推断如果存在高应变率和高温在非常细粒的地质材料中也将发现超塑性.事实上对于碳酸盐的实验表明了这一点.从已有大理岩的实验结果,总结出围压在0～500 MPa,温度在0～600℃范围的临界耗散能公式.表明这样的黏性流变破坏是存在的.值得注意的是,超塑性达到破坏阶段,它的微观结构将发生变化,因而物理性质也会变化.这就意味着地球内部一些地质现象可能与黏性流变破坏存在一定的关系.如果上地幔的确存在着黏性流变破坏,结合水和熔体作用,就可解释上地幔低速高导层种种争议问题.     

接触对桩-土-结构动力相互作用体系的影响

为了考察桩-土接触效应对结构地震反应的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了土-桩-框架二维有限元模型,分别采用损伤塑性模型和动力粘塑性记忆型嵌套面模型模拟混凝土和土体,利用rebar单元模拟混凝土内的钢筋,取得了较好的计算效果.计算分析中采用19条不同频谱的地震波记录,考虑了地震动强度、桩径、摩擦系数等因素,以层间位移角和桩顶最大位移为主要评价指标,揭示相互作用体系的动力响应特性.分析认为,计算结果对桩、土摩擦系数的取值不敏感;不考虑土-桩接触时,近场土体的动力反应与实际情况存在一定的误差,且上部结构和桩基的动力反应会被低估,应该考虑桩-土动力接触效应;地震动强度增加时,随着结构进入塑性状态,低估程度减小;桩径增加时,低估程度没有显著变化,虽然桩基和上部结构的反应都有所减小.     

地震动强度增大过程中边坡土体的损伤演化及其计算方法研究

地震作用下边坡失稳破坏过程也是土体损伤变形演化过程,当前边坡模型试验中土体损伤的定量计算方法尚未提出;研究以兰州新区职教园区内一填方边坡为原型,开展了地震动强度逐级增大条件下边坡失稳破坏的模型试验,研究边坡变形失稳过程中相关物理量随地震动强度的变化规律,进而提出土体损伤的计算公式。研究结果发现：在地震动强度增大过程中,坡肩土体损伤变形最为显著,传递函数频谱随地震动强度增大呈现有规律的减小变化,土体阻尼比随地震强度增大呈现指数函数增大变化,据此提出了基于归一化阻尼比的土体损伤量计算公式,该公式计算的土体损伤量也呈现指数函数增大变化,反映了地震动作用下土体的非线性损伤变形破坏过程。文中提出的土体损伤量计算方法可为基于模型试验的边坡稳定性评价提供理论依据。     

聚合阻尼耗能减震结构理论模型及振动台试验

提出一种高层减震结构体系,将核心筒与外框架采用柔性滑动连接,并集中设置聚合阻尼减震系统,充分利用内部核心筒和外框架的侧向变形差耗散地震能量;建立了聚合阻尼减震结构的简化质点系模型,并得到地震作用下的位移传递公式;完成了模型结构的振动台模型试验,验证了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构的减震效果;最后通过工程算例分析得到了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构内核心筒、外框架的地震响应和减震效果,进一步探讨了地震作用下不同结构体系的塑性损伤状态,理论和试验研究结果表明聚合阻尼耗能减震结构可有效控制结构构件的塑性损伤。     

等效拉压荷载下饱和粉质黏土的弹塑性变形特性研究

动三轴试验中,若在一定轴向静偏应力基础上施加对称正弦波荷载,土体会在荷载正半部分出现轴向压缩状态,而在荷载负半部分有可能因为侧向应力大于轴向应力而出现轴向等效拉伸状态,将此类荷载暂称为等效拉压荷载。为研究等效拉压荷载下饱和粉质黏土的弹塑性变形,设计了多级正弦波荷载室内不排水动三轴试验。依据试验数据揭示了围压、静偏应力、动偏应力和压实系数对土体弹塑性变形发展的影响,并提出用拉压效应系数来确定轴向塑性累积应变的发展趋势。研究表明:若取轴向压缩方向为正方向,拉压效应系数存在一临界值,当实际值大于临界值时,塑性累积应变向负方向发展,反之则向正方向发展或基本保持不变;同时Hardin模型可以较好地描述饱和粉质黏土的动弹模-动应变关系,且塑性累积应变向负方向发展时动弹模量普遍偏小。     

波浪荷载作用下软黏土软化模型研究

波浪荷载能引起海床土体的主应力轴连续旋转。不同于地震、交通等循环荷载,在周期性波浪荷载作用的土体应力路径方式下,软黏土的软化效用更为明显。本文分别对天然和扰动的海床土体在波浪荷载作用下的应力响应进行模拟,并分析应力路径的特点;为描述软化后的应力-应变关系,将软化效用和累积塑性应变的参数引入到能够反应土体动力非线性的Hardin-Drnevich模型中,建立修正模型,使之能够反应软黏土体软化与塑性应变累计特性;通过与模拟波浪荷载下土体应力特征的循环耦合试验结果进行对比分析,验证该修正模型的可靠性。     

Constitutive theories on viscoelastoplasticity and damage of frozen soil

The constitutive theory on the viscoelastoplasticity and damage of frozen soil is based on the continuous mechanics and thermodynamics. The basic principles of the theory, dissipation potential function and damage model are presented. The constitutive theory explains the mechanical properties of frozen soils under complicated stresses, especially under high confining pressures which make frozen soil harden and soften. The agreement between the calculated results by the constitutive theory and the experimental results of triaxial creep of frozen soil is seen to be very good.     

基于电磁摩擦控制装置的被动智能控制研究

本文将电磁摩擦控制装置应用于结构被动智能控制。分析了电磁摩擦控制装置的恢复力特性及影响参数，建立了被动连续变刚度体系的理论模型，推导了受控结构系统的一般方程，进行了模型结构的被动智能控制仿真分析。从理论上验证了：电磁摩擦控制装置用于结构被动智能控制具有良好的控制效果。     

Theorem of turbulent intensity and macroscopic mechanism of the turbulence development

Turbulence is one of the most common nature phenomena in everyday experience, but that is not adequately understood yet. This article reviews the history and present state of development of the turbulence theory and indicates the necessity to probe into the turbulent features and mechanism with the different methods at different levels. Therefore this article proves a theorem of turbulent transpor- tation and a theorem of turbulent intensity by using the theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and that the Reynolds turbulence and the Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence are united in the theorems of the turbulent intensity and the turbulent transportation. The macroscopic cause of the development of fluid turbulence is a result from shearing effect of the velocity together with the temperature, which is also the macroscopic cause of the stretch and fold of trajectory in the phase space of turbulent field. And it is proved by the observed data of atmosphere that the phenomenological coefficient of turbulent in- tensity is not only a function of the velocity shear but also a function of temperature shear, viz the sta- bility of temperature stratification, in the atmosphere. Accordingly, authenticity of the theorem, which is proved by the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, of turbulent intensity is testified by the facts of observational experiment.     

Novel green technology for wastewater treatment: Geo-material/geopolymer applications for heavy metal removal from aquatic media

The aim of this paper is to show the concise chemico-physical adsorbent performance of water purification systems utilizing geo-(e.g., allophane, clinoptilolite, and smectite) and bio-polymer materials(e.g.,chitosan or cellulose nanocomposite materials) and to propose an optimal ground-water remediation technique. The performance of geo-materials is evaluated based on the individual sorption and immobilization capacities for various priority substances and pollutants(e.g., lead, zinc, cadmium, c...     

基于无能源磁摩擦控制装置的被动智能控制研究

将无能源磁摩擦控制装置应用于结构被动智能控制。分析了无能源磁摩擦控制装置的恢复力特性及影响参数，建立了被动连续变刚度体系的理论模型，推导了受控结构系统的一般方程，进行了模型结构的被动智能控制仿真分析。从理论上验证了无能源磁摩擦控制装置用于结构被动智能控制具有良好的控制效果。     

Poro‐acoustoelasticity of fluid‐saturated rocks

We generalize the classical theory of acoustoelasticity to the porous case (one fluid and a solid frame) and finite deformations. A unified treatment of non‐linear acoustoelasticity of finite strains in fluid‐saturated porous rocks is developed on the basis of Biot’s theory. A strain‐energy function, formed with eleven terms, combined with Biot’s kinetic and dissipation energies, yields Lagrange’s equations and consequently the wave equation of the medium. The velocities and dissipation factors of the P‐ and S‐waves are obtained as a function of the 2nd‐ and 3rd‐order elastic constants for hydrostatic and uniaxial loading. The theory yields the limit to the classical theory if the fluid is replaced with a solid with the same properties of the frame. We consider sandstone and obtain results for open‐pore jacketed and closed‐pore jacketed ‘gedanken’ experiments. Finally, we compare the theoretical results with experimental data.     

Development of a family of unconditionally stable explicit direct integration algorithms with controllable numerical energy dissipation

The implicit dissipative generalized‐ α method is analyzed using discrete control theory. Based on this analysis, a one‐parameter family of explicit direct integration algorithms with controllable numerical energy dissipation, referred to as the explicit KR‐α method, is developed for linear and nonlinear structural dynamic numerical analysis applications. Stability, numerical dispersion, and energy dissipation characteristics of the proposed algorithms are studied. It is shown that the algorithms are unconditionally stable for linear elastic and stiffness softening‐type nonlinear systems, where the latter indicates a reduction in post yield stiffness in the force–deformation response. The amount of numerical damping is controlled by a single parameter, which provides a measure of the numerical energy dissipation at higher frequencies. Thus, for a specific value of this parameter, the resulting algorithm is shown to produce no numerical energy dissipation. Furthermore, it is shown that the influence of the numerical damping on the lower mode response is negligible. It is further shown that the numerical dispersion and energy dissipation characteristics of the proposed explicit algorithms are the same as that of the implicit generalized‐ α method. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed algorithms in reducing participation of undesired higher modes by using numerical energy dissipation to damp out these modes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Accuracy of formation factors for three-dimensional pore-scale images of geo-materials estimated by renormalization technique

The formation factor, the dimensionless electric resistivity of porous rock/sediment saturated with conductive fluid, is an important quantity in geophysical exploration for petroleum reservoirs and groundwater aquifers. The renormalization technique is a promising approximation method for the quick estimation of the formation factors from large three-dimensional images of porous geo-materials obtained by X-ray microtomography. In the present study, we applied the renormalization technique to various pore-scale image sets of real geo-materials (sandstones, pumice, lava, and sandy sediments). The purpose is to explore the factors controlling the estimation accuracy of the formation factor. The results revealed that the accuracy increases with increasing (i) porosity, (ii) degree of the pore elongation along the direction of the applied electric field, and (iii) size of the initial subsystem with which the renormalization step starts and with decreasing (iv) pore or grain size. Most importantly, a high degree of elongation of the pore structure along the applied field ensures good accuracy even if the porosity is low, the initial subsystem is small, and the pore or grain size is large.     

Boundary layer dissipation and the nonlinear interaction of equatorial baroclinic and barotropic rossby waves

Two-layer equatorial primitive equations for the free troposphere in the presence of a thin atmospheric boundary layer and thermal dissipation are developed here. An asymptotic theory for the resonant nonlinear interaction of long equatorial baroclinic and barotropic Rossby waves is derived in the presence of such dissipation. In this model, a self-consistent asymptotic derivation establishes that boundary layer flows are generated by meridional pressure gradients in the lower troposphere and give rise to degenerate equatorial Ekman friction. That is to say, the asymptotic model has the property that the dissipation matrix has one eigenvalue which is nearly zero: therefore the dynamics rapidly dissipates flows with pressure at the base of the troposphere and creates barotropic/baroclinic spin up/spin down. The simplified asymptotic equations for the amplitudes of the dissipative equatorial barotropic and baroclinic waves are studied by linear theory and integrated numerically. The results indicate that although the dissipation slightly weakens the tropics to midlatitude connection, strong localized wave packets are nonetheless able to exchange energy between barotropic and baroclinic waves on intraseasonal timescales in the presence of baroclinic mean shear. Interesting dissipation balanced wave-mean flow states are discovered through numerical simulations. In general, the boundary layer dissipation is very efficient for flows in which the barotropic and baroclinic components are of the same sign at the base of the free troposphere whereas the boundary layer dissipation is less efficient for flows whose barotropic and baroclinic components are of opposite sign at the base of the free troposphere.     

基础隔震结构的减震耗能特性分析

根据基础隔震理论,在钢筋沥青隔震礅的基础上,提出一种新型钢结构隔震礅,设计和制作了缩尺房屋模型,并对其进行振动台试验。通过对隔震结构模型的动力特性、地震响应及能量平衡分析,绘制试验过程中的加速度及能量时程曲线,研究钢隔震礅应用于低层框架结构的减震耗能能力。大量工程实例可以看出该隔震礅隔震效果显著,制作简单、价格低廉、耐久性好,适于在广大村镇地区低层框架结构中推广使用。试验表明:隔震结构模型在不同的地震作用下,加速度折减系数处在0.24~0.51之间,且结构的阻尼耗能在振动台试验中占总输入能量的60%~70%,对结构耗能起主导作用,说明该基础隔震装置不仅具有较好的减震耗能特性能,对于控制隔震层的位移也有好的效果。