铷原子频标中微波功率频移的研究及其控制方法

针对铷原子频标中微波功率频移的传统解释与实验现象不相符合的矛盾，曾提出以ＡＣＺｅｅｍａｎ效应为核心的新解释．本文以实验检验了该解释，尤其是ＡＣＺｅｅｍａｎ效应频移公式的正确性，实验结果与理论相符合；最后探讨了控制微波功率频移的方法。     

铷原子频标小型化发展现状

铷原子频标使用最广泛,小型化是其最重要的发展趋势。微波腔小型化、电子线路数字化以及附加特殊功能是铷原子频标小型化的主要技术手段。相干布居囚禁(CPT)频标是一种可以做到芯片级的新型原子频标。目前相干布居囚禁频标的技术方案有:传统方案,物理系统采用MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical system)[0]技术的方案和整机采用MEMS[0]技术的方案。实现小型化后的原子频标将会迎来蓬勃发展的前景。     

一种铷原子频标射频倍频单元的实现

讨论了射频倍频单元对汽泡型铷原子频标频率稳定度的影响,介绍了一种我们新研制的用于小型汽泡型铷原子频标的数字锁相倍频电路。将该数字锁相倍频电路接入铷原子频标系统后,闭环测得该频标系统的稳定度为σy（r=1s）≤3×10^-11,达到商用小型铷原子频标性能指标,而该倍频电路板的面积仅为原倍频电路板面积的1／2,功耗仅为原倍频电路的1／3。     

氢钟和铯钟联合守时初探

氢钟和铯钟作为两种不同类型的频标,从统计角度上来说,它们在短期和长期频率稳定度方面的表现为时间频率领域中的学者们共识．随着技术的改进氢钟近年来在长稳方面有所提高．根据中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)新进口的2台美国氢钟(Sigma T)近一年来实验数据的分析,定量说明氢钟不同采样间隔的频率稳定度,并与铯钟的性能做比较．同时根据这两种类型频标的性能取长补短,探讨一组铯钟和两台氢钟联合守时的方案和地方原子时计算方法．     

基于LabwindowsCVI的外腔半导体激光器数字稳频系统设计

为抑制外腔半导体激光器频率漂移,提高频率稳定性,提出一种数字稳频方法。该方法采用数据采集卡,基于LabwindowsCVI语言实现数字锁相放大模块获得稳频误差信号,通过此信号控制压电陶瓷电压,将852 nm外腔半导体激光器的频率锁在铯原子谱线上,实现20 s频率稳定度8.7×10-11。该数字稳频方法降低了人力成本,易升级和修改,具有移植性好和用户界面友好等优点。     

铯原子喷泉频标的相对论频移

详细分析了铯原子喷泉频标的相对论频移机制,其中包括频标内部的二级多普勒频移和重力频移,以及与频标位置有关的重力领移。导出了频移的计算公式,估算了频移的大小并讨论了它们对铯原子喷泉频标准确度的影响。     

上海光机所小喷泉铷钟的设计和进展

对上海光机所正在研制的小喷泉铷钟及目前正在进行的工作作了介绍.该小喷泉铷钟吸收了原子喷泉的许多新技术,采用紧凑的结构设计,加入空心光束以提高探测原子数.预期该喷泉的准确度为10-14,短、长稳分别为10-13和10-15,信噪比为103.实验室完成了冷原子物理的准备工作,已经俘获冷原子团.     

钟房时频服务自动化工作系统

钟房时频服务自动化工作系统已建立并投入运行。该系统具有守时、时间测量、数据处理和自动校正铷频标的能力。运行表明,该系统使XSR铷钟守时精度提高了一个数量级,其输出频率相对BPL时频标准台的频偏保持在2×10~(-12)以内。全文介绍了系统的构成及主要性能。     

GPS星载原子钟性能评估

介绍了星载原子钟性能评估指标——频率准确度、稳定度、漂移率的定义及计算方法,基于IGS(international GNSS service)卫星钟差数据,对GPS星载原子钟的性能指标进行了分析。其中,基于Hadamard方差方法的稳定度分析结果表明,GPS Block IIR星载铷原子钟天稳已经处于1～3×10-14的水平。     

从CPT原子钟到光钟

简要介绍了新型CPT（Coherent population trapping，相干布局囚禁）原子频标及光频标的基本原理和研究进展。被动型CPT铷原子钟物理部分的目前体积可控制在100cm^3以内，功耗1W左右，其稳定度为4×10^-11τ^-1/2（τ为测量取样的时间间隔）。CPT原理的铯原子频标的物理部分体积减小到1cm^3，功率减小到30mW，稳定度为6×10^-10τ^-1/2，成为当今体积最小、功耗最低的原子钟。随着飞秒激光梳状发生器技术的发展，已将传统的谐波光频链的体积从几间实验室缩小到1．2×1．0m^2的光学平台上，它与光频测量技术的结合，使微波频标与光频标联系起来，建立了光钟，它的稳定性可以从现在的10^-16的水平提高到10^-18乃至10^-22水平，成为当前最精密的时间计量仪器。     

SOHM-4型氢原子钟的设计改进与初步性能

氢原子钟是一种最稳定的 (除极短测量时间间隔之外 )频率标准 ,但是环境温度变化及微波谐振腔老化会引起原子钟输出频率的变化 ,从而导致氢原子钟长期性能变差。为了减小这些影响 ,可借助一种自动调谐器来确保谐振腔的频率始终工作在所需的频率上 ,并采用新的温度控制系统来改善氢原子钟的长期性能。针对这些年来许多氢钟出现的有关问题 ,上海天文台在借鉴国外氢钟实验室经验的基础之上 ,对原有氢钟进行了技术改造 ,并为国家授时中心研制了SOHM - 4型氢原子钟。对该型氢原子钟技术改造特点作了介绍 ,并给出了期望的性能指标及初步的测试结果     

Heavy-element abundances in seven SC stars and several related stars

We employ spectra of resolution 20–35000 of seven SC stars, four S stars, two Ba stars and two K–M stars to derive abundances of a variety of elements from Sr to Eu relative to iron. Special attention is paid to Rb and Tc, and to the ratio of the heavy s-process species to the light s-process elements. Abundances are derived in LTE, both by using model atmospheres in which the carbon and oxygen abundances are nearly equal and by using curves of growth. Spectrum synthesis is used for critical lines such as the 5924-Å line of Tc and the 7800-Å line of Rb. For most of the heavy-element stars the enhancement of the s-process elements is about a factor of 10. The ratio of the heavy to light s-process species is not far from solar, except for RR Her for which the same ratio is +0.45 dex. For Tc the blending by other lines is severe. While we have probably detected the 5924-Å line, we can only present abundances in the less-than-or-equal-to category. For Rb, whose abundance is sensitive to the ⁸⁵Rb/⁸⁷Rb ratio and hence to the neutron density during s-process production, we find a considerable range of abundances, indicating a neutron density from 10⁶ to ≳10⁸ cm⁻³ for the SC stars. For the four S stars the range is from 10⁷ to ≳10⁸ cm⁻³. Recent calculations by Gallino et al. show that neutron densities near 10⁷ cm⁻³ favour the ¹³C source for neutrons, while densities greater than 10⁸ cm⁻³ may be associated with neutrons from the ²²Ne source.     

温度对POP Rb原子钟性能影响的研究

从温度对缓冲气体碰撞频移和弛豫率的影响出发,对充有Ar和N2这2种缓冲气体的POP(pulsed optically pumped,脉冲激光抽运)汽泡式铷原子钟的温度特性进行了理论和实验研究。研究表明,Ar与N2的气压比为1.6时,60℃的线性温度系数为0;不同温度时,布居数差弛豫率1和相干弛豫率2各不相同,若1 2,则POP铷原子钟Ramsey条纹包络在微波场与原子跃迁失谐为0附近为凹陷,信噪比较差,反之,为凸起,信噪比较高。研究结果对设计POP原子钟的缓冲气体气压比和工作温度,以及提高POP原子钟的中长期稳定度有一定借鉴作用。     

特定电磁环境下“北斗一号”系统与GPS组合接收机天线的设计与评估

针对“北斗一号”（“BD-1”）系统与GPS系统组合接收机在特定电磁环境下的需求,设计了一种组合接收机天线。该组合天线融合了四臂螺旋天线（FHA）与GPS微带天线的特点,并考虑了天线的空间结构。设计的组合天线具有良好的电磁兼容性,仿真结果表明该天线对于接收“北斗”和GPS信号都具有较好的圆极化轴比和增益方向图。研制的组合天线在微波暗室测试中和实际使用中都取得了较好结果。     

Long-term capture orbits for low-energy space missions

This research aims at ascertaining the existence and characteristics of natural long-term capture orbits around a celestial body of potential interest. The problem is investigated in the dynamical framework of the three-dimensional circular restricted three-body problem. Previous numerical work on two-dimensional trajectories provided numerical evidence of Conley’s theorem, proving that long-term capture orbits are topologically located near trajectories asymptotic to periodic libration point orbits. This work intends to extend the previous investigations to three-dimensional paths. In this dynamical context, several special trajectories exist, such as quasiperiodic orbits. These can be found as special solutions to the linear expansion of the dynamics equations and have already been proven to exist even using the nonlinear equations of motion. The nature of long-term capture orbits is thus investigated in relation to the dynamical conditions that correspond to asymptotic trajectories converging into quasiperiodic orbits. The analysis results in the definition of two parameters characterizing capture condition and the design of a capture strategy, guiding a spacecraft into long-term capture orbits around one of the primaries. Both the results are validated through numerical simulations of the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, including fourth-body perturbation, with special focus on the Jupiter–Ganymede system and the Earth–Moon system.     

一种微型化铷原子钟

报道了一种微型化铷原子钟,它采用一种新型陶瓷填充微波腔来减小物理部分体积,其铷光谱灯采用升压电路以实现快速点亮,整机电子线路采用低电压技术,在国内首次对这类铷钟实现12V直流供电,并且首次对这类铷钟加入与外秒同步的功能。该铷原子钟体积为190mL,开机3min后可实现锁定,锁定后频率稳定度为1．5×10^-11／√τ（τ：1～1000s）,稳态功耗为5．5W。     

Size-Frequency Distribution of Small Lunar Craters: Widening with Degradation and Crater Lifetime

The review and new measurements are presented for depth/diameter ratio and slope angle evolution during small (D < 1 km) lunar impact craters aging (degradation). Comparative analysis of available data on the areal cratering density and on the crater degradation state for selected craters, dated with returned Apollo samples, in the first approximation confirms Neukum’s chronological model. The uncertainty of crater retention age due to crater degradational widening is estimated. The collected and analyzed data are discussed to be used in the future updating of mechanical models for lunar crater aging.     

第三代卫星导航定位系统星载原子钟的新发展

传统铷原子钟和铯原子钟已在卫星导航定位系统中作为星载原子钟获得重要应用.卫星导航定位系统的更新和新发展要求更高精度更小型的新型星载原子钟.该文介绍采用新物理原理和先进技术在下-代卫星导航定位系统有应用前景的新原子钟的产生和发展以及它们目前的进展.     

Rb‐Sr and Sm‐Nd isotopic systematics of the lherzolitic shergottite GRV 99027

Abstract– Rb‐Sr and Sm‐Nd isotopic analyses of the lherzolitic shergottite Grove Mountains (GRV) 99027 are reported. GRV 99027 yields a Rb‐Sr mineral isochron age of 177 ± 5 (2σ) Ma and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio (I_Sr) of 0.710364 ± 11 (2σ). Due to larger uncertainties of the Sm‐Nd isotopic data, no Sm‐Nd isochron age was obtained for GRV 99027. The ε¹⁴³Nd value is estimated approximately +12.2, assuming an age of 177 Ma. The I_Sr of GRV 99027 is distinguishable from other lherzolitic shergottites, confirming our previous conclusion that it is not paired with them ( Lin et al. 2005 ). The new data of GRV 99027 support the same age of approximately 180 Ma for most lherzolitic shergottites, and fill the small gap of I_Sr between Allan Hills A77005 and Lewis Cliff 88516 ( Borg et al. 2002 ). All available data are consistent with a single igneous source for the intermediate subgroup of lherzolitic shergottites.