四川攀西地区稀土资源成矿规律及找矿靶区

以牦牛坪稀土矿为代表的攀西地区是我国重要的稀土资源成矿带,攀西稀土矿包括岩浆热液型、伟晶岩型、第四系砂矿型、火山岩型和离子吸附型等类型。重点针对牦牛坪矿床的成矿地质背景、矿化特征及成矿条件等成矿机制进行分析,研究控矿与成矿要素、成矿规律; 完善了岩浆热液型轻稀土矿床成矿模型; 厘清了区域上不同类型矿床的产出特点及各类型矿床的内在成因联系,并科学分析区域稀土资源,圈定稀土找矿靶区,进一步缩小找矿范围。     

云南勐海地区离子吸附型稀土矿控矿因素及找矿前景

云南勐海地区地处临沧-勐海(岩浆弧) Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag-Sn-Sb-Ge-REE矿带(Ⅳ9)南段,近年来该区发现多个离子吸附型稀土矿床。为查明勐海地区离子吸附型稀土矿床控矿因素,指导后续找矿工作,本文在野外地质调查和室内综合整理分析的基础上,对勐海地区离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿地质背景和成矿特征进行了初步研究,探讨了本区离子吸附型稀土矿床控矿因素与找矿前景。研究表明,勐海地区离子吸附型稀土矿床是以轻稀土为主的稀土矿,其成矿母岩为晚三叠世临沧花岗岩,次生富集成矿于新生代以来;其矿床的形成不仅受成矿母岩、地球化学、构造等内在因素的影响,亦受地形地貌、气候和植被等外在因素的控制,在勐海回龙卡-帕宫苏胡一带形成一条北西-南东向的稀土矿富集带。结合1∶5万矿调工作成果,认为勐海地区成矿地质条件优越,具有很大的离子吸附型稀土矿找矿前景。     

滇西盈江地区新泡山离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿条件及找矿前景

滇西盈江地区是近年来离子吸附型稀土矿床找矿突破较大的地区,典型代表为腾冲岩浆弧内新发现的新泡山稀土矿床,为一中型离子吸附型稀土矿床,是滇西高海拔地区新发现的典型矿床。新泡山稀土矿床的发现对今后高海拔地区的找矿工作具有重要的示范意义。通过对新泡山稀土矿床的地质特征、风化壳结构特征、矿体垂向变化特征进行研究,认为新泡山稀土矿床类型为富钕轻稀土离子吸附型稀土矿床,并伴生有重稀土钇。滇西盈江地区与花岗岩有关的离子吸附型稀土矿主要受控于母岩稀土元素丰度、气候以及地形地貌。"沟-谷-盆"地貌两侧及周缘低缓山丘和平缓山坡、山脊是有利的成矿部位。结合区域找矿成果,认为研究区稀土矿找矿潜力较大,可达超大型远景规模,在后续的找矿工作中应加强对重稀土元素钇的评价。     

江西田村圩地区遥感地质信息提取及找矿预测

开展江西田村圩地区遥感地质解译,提取区域地质构造、侵入岩体、地层及蚀变信息,初步剖析测区典型矿床矿化遥感蚀变信息特征;提取研究区遥感成矿、控矿条件,开展区域成矿远景研究。依据离子吸附性稀土矿的成矿规律,综合遥感地貌解译和风化特征矿物异常信息提取结果,圈定5处稀土矿遥感找矿预测区。尝试建立石英脉型钨矿的遥感找矿预测模型,圈定钨矿找矿远景区4处,为区域地质调查工作提供找矿线索。     

云南陇川县户撒地区稀土矿成因及找矿方法

户撒地区稀土矿矿体赋存于中生代三叠纪粗粒二长花岗岩、中~粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩体风化壳中,岩体风化壳的第二层中等风化带和第三层强风化带是本区稀土矿的主要控矿层位;该区稀土矿的形成经历了风化分解→剥蚀搬运→淋滤迁移→吸附富集的反复成矿作用,属花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿矿床;可采用地质测量→地球化学土壤测量→野外快速分析→工程控制→野外快速分析+实验室分析测试的找矿方法,来揭露圈定该区稀土矿体。     

赣南地区变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿床地质特征及找矿方向

通过对赣南地区变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿床进行岩石学、稀土元素地球化学和矿床地质特征研究,探讨变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿床的控矿因素、矿床成因及下一步找矿方向。赣南地区变质岩的原岩时代主要为青白口纪—奥陶纪,变质岩的稀土元素丰度较高,属轻稀土富集型。已发现的离子吸附型稀土矿床主要赋存于震旦纪—青白口纪变质岩中,以青白口纪库里组和南华纪寻乌岩组为主。石城—宁都—瑞金浅变质岩区和会昌—安远—寻乌中深变质岩区可作为离子吸附型稀土矿勘查的首选地区。     

水系沉积物测量在云南临沧地区离子吸附型稀土矿找矿中的应用

研究区位于临沧-勐海Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag-Sn-Sb-Ge-REE成矿带.以临沧地区1∶5万水系沉积物测量获得的数据为基础,统计分析水系沉积物地球化学特征,依据元素组合特征,结合地质背景成矿条件,圈定综合异常10处,划分出4个找矿远景区,通过异常查证,探获较好稀土资源量.总结了水系沉积物地球化学异常与离子吸附型稀土矿的关系:异常中心能指示成矿母岩稀土元素富集地段,周边有利表生环境可富集成矿,为以后离子吸附型稀土矿勘查工作提供依据.     

皖南地区离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿条件及成矿特征

安徽省皖南地区岩浆岩分布广泛,地貌、气候条件适宜,有利于花岗岩风化壳的形成、保存,且基岩的稀土丰度较高,有利于离子吸附型稀土矿床的形成。通过在皖南地区的工作,分析了离子吸附型稀土矿床的内生成矿条件(基岩中稀土丰度、稀土元素赋存状态、矿物组合及岩石结构、构造),表生成矿条件(气候条件、风化壳发育程度、地貌特征),总结了离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿特征、找矿标志。     

广西富稀土风化壳的矿物学特征初步探讨

<正>广西是我国花岗岩和火山熔岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿条件和找矿潜力最好的地区之一。近年来,在广西的富川、平乐、钟山、贺县、北流、宁明等县相继发现离子吸附型稀土矿床。当前对广西区内富稀土风化壳的研究程度很低,很多基础的研究工作尚未开展。因此,加强对离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿规律总结和成因理论分析,对拓宽国内该类型矿床的找矿方向,增加我国稀土资源具有重要意义。     

滇西腾冲-梁河地区土官寨离子吸附型稀土矿床形成条件及找矿预测

滇西腾冲-梁河地区是近年来寻找离子吸附型稀土矿床的热点地区,但关于该类型矿床在滇西高海拔地区的控矿因素、形成条件等研究接近空白.通过分析土官寨稀土矿床的风化壳结构、矿体垂向-走向变化特征,总结了区域成矿地质条件和找矿标志.滇西腾冲-梁河地区与花岗岩有关的离子吸附型稀土矿主要受控于母岩稀土元素丰度和地形,"高山丘陵区"和"盆-山过渡带"内的"低山丘陵区"是有利成矿地形区.基于上述认识,对江东地区开展了小范围找矿预测,取得了良好的找矿效果.      

滇东北宣威一带铌矿床地质特征

随着贵州威宁玉龙、黑石头等地铌矿床（点）的发现,结合该区域同类型铌矿床研究成果,以及本次在宣威倘塘一带所开展的矿产地质调查工作中发现的铌矿体（点）,总结了滇东北宣威一带铌矿床地质特征,认为主要赋矿层位为峨眉山玄武岩顶部的铁质凝灰岩地层,受峨眉山玄武岩喷发后期剥蚀沉积成矿。含矿层具有明显的高铌低钽,并伴(共)生稀土及钪、钛等元素之特征。成矿类型初步定为玄武岩喷发后期剥蚀沉积型铌矿床。     

云南省澜沧县离子吸附型稀土矿床地质特征分析与成矿过程探讨

云南省澜沧县地处临沧花岗岩的中南段，在其境内发现多地与花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过对该区晚三叠世黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳全风化层的剖面及钻孔样品分析，对赋存于花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿地质地球化学特征进行研究，探讨其关键成矿过程并总结地形地貌与风化壳和矿体露头的关系。研究表明，黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳分层特征明显，离子吸附型稀土矿体规模及形态严格受风化壳发育程度及微地貌控制；花岗岩风化壳全风化层稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾平滑的浅“W”型，轻稀土元素的分异程度强于重稀土元素；除Ce元素外，轻稀土元素的浸出率略高于重稀土元素；矿石类型为以轻稀土元素为主、中重稀土元素配分齐全的混合型稀土矿。通过厘定离子吸附型稀土矿床的关键成矿过程，文章发现内应力、渗透能力、风化程度、黏土矿物含量在风化壳剖面中由上至下变化特征综合决定了稀土矿体主要定位于风化壳全风化层。     

黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系特征及其三稀元素富集特点

黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部普遍发育Fe-Al岩系。为查明峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系特征,探讨其三稀元素富集特点,开展了针对峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系的野外调查。调查结果显示: 当峨眉山玄武岩上覆地层分别为宣威组或龙潭组时,峨眉山玄武岩顶部风化壳Fe-Al岩系表现出明显差异。样品测试结果表明: Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE等三稀元素含量丰富,具有很好的找矿前景,宣威组Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE含量更高,尤其是Nb和REE。Fe-Al岩系内Sc、Nb、REE等三稀元素富集为峨眉山玄武岩风化初始富集和后期改造再次富集作用的结果。     

Lead isotopic systematics for native copperchalcocite mineralization in basaltic lavas of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China： Implications for the source of copper

The Emeishan continental flood basalt, which is widespread in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of Southwest China, is the volcanic product of a Permian mantle plume, and native copper-chalcocite mineralization associated with the basalt is very common in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. The mineralization occurred in the tuff intercalation and terrestrial sedimentary rock intercalation which were formed during the main period of basalt eruption. The orebodies are controlled by the stratigraphic position and faults. Metal ore minerals in the ores are mainly native copper, chalcocite and tenorite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, bomite, pyrite and malachite, and sometimes with large amounts of bitumen, carbon and plant debris. Several decades of ore deposits are distributed in the neighboring areas of the two provinces, while most of them are small-scale deposits or only ore occurrences. By comparing the lead isotopic composition of the ores with that of the wall-rocks, cover and basement rocks of various periods, the source of copper in this type of ore deposits was studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The Pb isotopic composition of the ores from ten deposits is absolutely different from that of sili-ceous-argillaceus rocks of the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation, limestones of the Lower Permian Series and Carboniferous, Cambrian sandstone-shale and recta-sedimentary rock and dolomite from the upper part of the Meso-Proterozoic Kunyang Group, This indicates that ore lead was derived neither from the cover rock nor from the basement rocks; (2) Although the Neo-Proterozoic Siman dolomite and silicalite, and dolomite in the lower part of the Kunyang Group are similar in Pb isotopic composition to the ores, lead and copper contents in these rocks are very low and they have not made great contributions to copper mineralization; (3) The ores have the same Pb iso-topic composition as the basalt, the latter being enriched in copper. These facts indicate that lead and copper were derived from the basalt. According to the regional geological data and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits, it is suggested that ore-forming materials were leached out from the basalt. The thickness and buried depth of the basalt and regional tectonic dynamics can affect the formation of large-scale copper deposits. Therefore, exploration for this type of ore deposits should be conducted in the areas from western Yunnan to western Sichuan, where there are developed basalts of great thickness, with extensive tectonic movement and magmatic activity.     

Geological significance of nickeliferous minerals in the Fule Pb–Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Fule Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Province, and it is an important and giant low temperature metallogenic domain in China. In our research area, the Pb–Zn deposits are mainly hosted in the Permian Yangxin Formation and are composed of dolostone and limestone. The distance between the ore bodies and the Permian Emeishan basalt ranged from 50 to 160 m. In this study, the nickel rich minerals, including vaesite, polydymite and millerite, were reported for the first time in the Fule deposit. These minerals occurred as xenomorphic mineral aggregate and were sporadically distributed in the sphalerite–galena–calcite vein, which is the main ore type in the deposit. Our study indicated that the paragenetic sequence of minerals in the Fule deposit is the following order: polydymite?→?vaesite?→?millerite?→?sphalerite?→?galena?→?tetrahedrite (tennantite). The geological occurrence characteristics of those nickeliferous minerals suggested that the Permian Emeishan basalt is a possible barrier layer of Pb–Zn ore-forming fluid, and it is an important source for the Ni and part of the Cu in the deposit. The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn mineralization province is a world-class production base of Pb and Zn, in which the Permian Emeishan basalt and Pb–Zn deposits have uniformly spatial distribution, but the relationship of mineralization between them is still under debate. This report provides new evidence for understanding the relationship between Pb–Zn mineralization and Permian Emeishan basalt in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn mineralization province.     

贵州西部玄武岩风化壳中稀土矿成矿机理及成矿模式

峨眉山玄武岩在四川、云南、贵州分布区形成广泛而稳定的玄武岩风化壳.研究发现在贵州西部的玄武岩风化壳中普遍存在稀土矿(化)点,结合野外踏勘和地球化学找矿等方法,发现玄武岩风化壳中稀土元素富集受到内生条件和外生条件的双重控制.因此,在玄武岩风化壳中寻找稀土矿,要从地形地貌着手,重点在玄武岩出露地表的第四纪夷平面所形成的山岗...     

赣南新元古代变质岩稀土矿物及其地球化学特征

近年来赣南地区首次报道了变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿床的发现,为离子吸附型稀土的找矿提供了新思路。赣南地区新元古代变质岩大面积分布,风化壳也广泛发育。文章对30件稀土元素含量(300×10~(-6))高的变质岩矿物样品进行了详细的电子探针分析,旨在查明赣南新元古代不同类型变质岩中的稀土矿物种类及特征,探讨其成因、对全岩稀土元素含量的贡献以及离子吸附型稀土元素的成矿潜力。研究表明,区域上变质岩可大致分为6类,分别是变质凝灰岩类、板岩类、千枚岩类、片岩类、变砂岩类和变粒岩类,不同类型变质岩的稀土矿物组合不同,除了普遍存在的、难风化的独居石、磷钇矿和锆石外,部分岩性中出现易风化的褐帘石、含稀土元素绿泥石和含稀土元素金红石,及表生的水磷酸盐和磷铝酸盐等矿物。这些富稀土矿物贡献了全岩中大部分稀土元素,且部分矿物成因与后期流体作用相关,为成矿提供了良好的条件。文章总结分析认为,赣南地区广泛分布的变质岩中,片岩类、变砂岩类和变质凝灰岩类均具有相对易风化的稀土矿物组合,尤其变质凝灰岩类和变砂岩类,能为离子吸附型稀土成矿提供充足的物质来源,具有可观的离子吸附型稀土成矿潜力。     

云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区稀土元素分布特征

通过对云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区内与成矿关系密切的玄武岩、花岗岩以及不同类型的矿石、围岩的研究,并进行了有关稀土元素地球化学参数的计算,对原始测试数据进行球粒陨石标准化后,分别建立了各种岩石、矿石的稀土元素配分模式。并对印支期的玄武岩、燕山中晚期含锡花岗岩和围岩等进行稀土元素特征分析与研究,认为个旧不同类型矿体稀土元素分配特征与其相关的围岩之间具有一定的继承性,矿集区的成矿物质来源具有多元和多期叠加的成矿特点。     

贵州省威宁县炉山铜矿床地质特征研究

炉山铜矿床产于宣威组(P₃x)底部的深灰、灰黑色粉砂质泥岩及峨眉山玄武岩第三段(βp³)顶部的火山角砾赤铁矿层内,是近年来贵州省发现的含铜矿层的新层位,矿石类型也是一种新的矿石类型。含矿岩系自上而下,存在钛(Ti)-铜(Cu)-铁(Fe)等元素分带,以上特征符合玄武岩型风化淋滤型铜矿的特征。通过对炉山铜矿床地质特征的研究,系统总结出该类矿床的地质特征,为该区相同类型的铜矿勘查工作提供一定的思路。