内核晃动对地球主惯性矩的时变性影响

高密度内核相对于地幔的晃动将改变地球内部物质的密度分布并导致地球主惯性矩随时间变化。本文在重力场球谐分析理论的基础上,给出了时变的地球主惯性矩A、B、C及主惯性轴,并研究了内核晃动对A、B、C的时变性影响。计算结果表明,A、B、C平均每年增大约4.5×1027kg m2,而内核晃动使A、B、C均表现出振幅为1022~1024kg m2的似正弦式变化,不足以维持其长期增大趋势,这进一步支持了"地球在膨胀"的结论。     

三轴刚性地球自由旋转欧拉角变化数值模拟研究

假定地球是一个三轴刚性体,在Euclid空间中做自由旋转.在设定主惯性矩A小于B小于C的情况下,求解欧拉运动方程,得到数值解.计算结果表明:地球在除了自转和自由进动之外,同时还存在着自由章动.章动角会随着时间做周期性变化.重点讨论的是章动角的变化.     

基于时变地球主惯性矩的三轴地球的自由Euler运动

在时变地球主惯性矩情形,采用数值方法求解了自由Euler动力学方程和运动学方程.结果表明,地球存在周期约为304.5 d的自由章动;旋转速度的三个分量均出现周期性的增大和减小;地球主惯性矩A、B、C的时变性导致EuIer周期产生复杂的波动,特别是ω3(自转速率)存在周期为22 a、14 a、8 a、4 a、2 a、周年以及更短周期的波动,这表明A、B、C的时变性导致了10 a尺度、周年以及更短周期的日长变化.     

地球内部扁率及其它物理参数的计算

计算了地球内部任意半径处与密度分布相关的物理参数，如扁率、质量、重力、压强、平均主惯量、主惯量之差等，对应于初步参考地球模型（ＰＲＥＭ）多项式及离散数字形式的密度模型给出了上述参数的式项式及离散数字模型。     

GPS掩星数据反演中的地球扁率影响改正

采用CHAMP实测轨道数据和MSISE-90经验干大气模型，分别将地球作为圆球和椭球，前向模拟了附加相位延迟，然后对模拟数据进行反演。通过不同方案下反演温度廓线与大气模型温度廓线的比较，发现实测掩星数据的反演中，忽略地球扁率影响会给温度反演结果带来较大的误差；而采用相应方法对地球扁率影响进行改正后，温度廓线的误差明显减弱，从而证明了改正方法的正确性。     

将微椭对称体的弹性运动方程化算到球域上的一种新方法

研究微椭对称弹性地球模型运动方程的简化问题。将它们化算到了球域上，得到的方程等于球对称弹性地球模型的运动方程加上扁率改正项。     

将微椭对称体的弹性运动方程化算到球域上的一种新方法

研究微椭对弹性地球模型运动方程的简化问题，将它们化算到了球域上，得到的方程等于球对称弹性地球模型的运动方程加上扁率改正项。     

利用GRACE和地球物理模型研究地球动力学扁率变化

作为一个旋转的扁椭球体,地球的动力学扁率J2变化主要是由各圈层相互作用和地球系统的物质流动所引起。当前,测定地球动力学扁率主要是通过卫星激光测距资料获得。本文利用GRACE月重力场模型、海底气压模型和冰期均衡调整模型等估计地球动力学扁率月变化ΔJ2,通过计算得到的C20时间序列与卫星激光测距(SLR)结果差别不大。通过计算分析,可以看出使用不同机构发布的GRACE数据产品,得到的季节变化时间序列的结果差别不大,与SLR结果非常接近,得出的C20时间序列在SLR方差百分比达70%。     

液核弹性地球自转动力学理论的研究进展

地球自转的精确测定是高精度大地参考系建立的理论基础,也是天体测量学、大地测量学和地球物理学共同关注的研究领域。研究了液核弹性地球自转动力学的基本理论,主要内容包括:修正了固体潮和地球自转对地球惯量张量元影响的表达式;首次顾及了日月高阶岁差章动力矩对地球自转的影响,引进了周期满足小于等于0 5d和大于等于1 5d的其它摄动机制(例如:大气、海洋和地表水分布等)对地球自转的影响;形式上对Rochester的耗散力矩表达式进行了变换,使得耦合系数变为无量纲的参数。本文的推导理论上更为严格,形式上更为完美对称,并为以后定义液核地球模型的CEP轴和CIP轴打下基础。本文给出的理论公式可为动力大地测量学和天文地球动力学的研究提供理论参考和依据。     

关于地球自由摆动中分解定理的讨论

实际地球是一个非旋转对称的椭球体,甚至是梨形椭球体.因此,三轴整体地球自转动力学的理论研究是有一定意义的.主要将研究三轴刚体地球自转的自由摆动,对有关学者提出的分解定理进行重新探讨,指出了其中可能存在的一些问题.     

Earth＇s Temporal Principal Moments of Inertia and Variable Rotation

Based on the gravity field models EGM96 and EIGEN-GL04C, the Earth＇s time-dependent principal moments of inertia A, B, C are obtained, and the variable rotation of the Earth is determined. Numerical results show that A, B, and C have increasing tendencies; the tilt of the rotation axis increases 2.1×10^ 8 mas/yr; the third component of the rotational angular velocity, ω3 , has a decrease of 1.0×10^ 22 rad/s^2, which is around 23% of the present observed value. Studies show in detail that both 0 and ω3 experience complex fluctuations at various time scales due to the variations of A, B and C.     

The temporal variation of the spherical and Cartesian multipoles of the gravity field: the generalized MacCullagh representation

 The Cartesian moments of the mass density of a gravitating body and the spherical harmonic coefficients of its gravitational field are related in a peculiar way. In particular, the products of inertia can be expressed by the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravitational potential as was derived by MacCullagh for a rigid body. Here the MacCullagh formulae are extended to a deformable body which is restricted to radial symmetry in order to apply the Love–Shida hypothesis. The mass conservation law allows a representation of the incremental mass density by the respective excitation function. A representation of an arbitrary Cartesian monome is always possible by sums of solid spherical harmonics multiplied by powers of the radius. Introducing these representations into the definition of the Cartesian moments, an extension of the MacCullagh formulae is obtained. In particular, for excitation functions with a vanishing harmonic coefficient of degree zero, the (diagonal) incremental moments of inertia also can be represented by the excitation coefficients. Four types of excitation functions are considered, namely: (1) tidal excitation; (2) loading potential; (3) centrifugal potential; and (4) transverse surface stress. One application of the results could be model computation of the length-of-day variations and polar motion, which depend on the moments of inertia. Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 24 May 2000     

Angular dislocation of the earth principal axes of inertia

The coefficientsC ₂₁ andS ₂₁ are usually considered to be zero in theory (e.g. the axis of earth rotation was used as the principal axis of inertia). However, satellite measurements show thatC ₂₁ as well asS ₂₁ are non-zero, indicating that the axis of rotation of the earth is not the principal axis of inertia. This work determines the angles by which the principal axes of inertia must be rotated in relation to the geocentric coordinate system (where theZ axis coincides with the rotating axis of the earth).     

地球质心的运动对卫星轨道的影响

由地心运动引起的引力位1次项系数不为零会对卫星轨道产生摄动。文中主要通过模拟计算来研究地心运动或坐标系统不自洽引起的地心偏离，从而对不同轨道根数的卫星轨道产生的摄动量级。实验表明地心运动对卫星轨道的影响，在高精度精密定轨和反演地球重力场中也是需要顾及的一项内容，特别是在坐标系统不自洽的情况下，影响更大。     

岩石的热惯量研究

本文阐述了热惯量的物理意义及其在地质遥感中的作用。在测得２３种岩石热物理性质的有关参数──热传导率、热容量和密度的基础上，计算并列表给出了岩石的热惯量值和热扩散系数等基础数据。文中分析讨论了沉积岩、变质岩和岩浆岩岩石的热惯量变化由高到低的初步规律。取得了碳酸盐岩和砂岩类等沉积岩和沉积浅变质岩的热惯量差异的结果，指出了它们的易区分性；也指出了中－酸性、碱性岩浆岩之间的热惯量值差异较小，不易区分。     

Evolution of the Earth's principal axes and moments of inertia: the canonical form of solution

 Harmonic coefficients of the 2nd degree are separated into the invariant quantitative (the 2nd-degree variance) and the qualitative (the standardized harmonic coefficients) characteristics of the behavior of the potential V ₂(t). On this basis the evolution of the Earth's dynamical figure is described as a solution of the time-dependent eigenvalues–eigenvectors problem in the canonical form. Such a canonical quadratic form is defined only by temporal variations of the harmonic coefficients and always remains finite, even within an infinite time interval. An additional condition for the correction or the determination of temporal variations of the 2nd degree is obtained. Temporal variations of the fully normalized sectorial harmonic coefficients are estimated in addition to ˙Cˉ ₂₀, ˙Cˉ ₂₁, and ˙Sˉ ₂₁ of the EGM96 gravity model. In addition, a non-linear hyperbolic model for Cˉ _2m (t), Sˉ _2m (t) is constructed. The trigonometric form of the hyperbolic model leads to the consideration of the potential V ₂(ψ) instead of V ₂(t) within the closed interval −π/2≤ψ≤+π/2. Thus, it is possible to evaluate the global trend of V ₂(t), the Earth's principal axes and the differences of the moments of inertia within the whole infinite time interval. Received: 25 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 June 2000     

Separating near surface thermal inertia signals from a thermal time series by standardized principal component analysis

Principal component analysis has been applied to remote sensing data to identify spatiotemporal patterns in a time series of images. Thermal inertia is a surface property that relates well to shallow surface thermal and physical properties. Mapping thermal inertia requires quantifying surface energy balance components and soil heat flux, both of which are difficult to measure remotely. This article describes a method to map soil thermal inertia using principal component analysis applied to a time series of thermal infrared images and it also assesses how sensitive this method is to the time intervals between images. Standardized principal component analysis (SPCA) was applied to thermal infrared images captured at half-hour intervals during a complete diurnal cycle. Shallow surface thermal properties accounted for 45%, 82% and 66% of the spatiotemporal variation in surface temperature observed during the heating phase, cooling phase and over the total diurnal cycle respectively. The remaining 55%, 18% and 34% of the variation was attributed to transient effects such as shadows, surface roughness and background noise. Signals related to thermal inertia explained 18% of total variation observed in a complete diurnal cycle and 7% of variation in the cooling series. The SPCA method was found useful to separate critical information such as timing and amplitude of maximum surface temperature variation from delays related to differential heating induced by micro-topography. For the field conditions experienced in this study, decreased temporal resolution when sampling intervals were greater than an hour significantly reduced the quality of results.     

国际卫星重力梯度测量计划研究进展

本文首先阐述了重力梯度测量原理、从20世纪初到21世纪初重力梯度仪的研究历程、卫星重力梯度仪(静电悬浮重力梯度仪、超导重力梯度仪和量子重力梯度仪)的技术特征以及卫星重力梯度测量的特点;其次,介绍了基于卫星重力梯度技术恢复250阶GOCE地球重力场以及论证首先开展一维径向重力梯度仪的研制进而恢复高精度和高空间解析度中高频地球重力场可行性方面的研究进展;最后,建议我国尽早开展基于时空域混合法解算中高频地球重力场和卫星重力梯度测量系统误差分析的预先研究。