四川平武钨锡铍矿床成矿流体特征

四川平武新近发现多处规模较大的产于晶洞中的绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿宝石矿。本文对矿石矿物绿柱石、锡石和白钨矿中的流体包裹体进行了分析，直接获取了成矿期的流体信息，由于绿柱石、锡石的结晶均较早，故更为接近原始成矿流体的性质。平武钨锡铍宝石矿中流体包裹体有气液两相包裹体、CO2三相包裹体和含子矿物包裹体三种类型。包裹体完全均一温度最佳取值区间为260～300℃，盐度范围为0．53％～8．73％NaCleq，压力估算小于10．5MPa，矿床类型属于浅成中低温热液型。绿柱石中含子矿物包裹体和CO2三相包裹体共存，二者均一温度平均值较为相近，显示了不混溶流体包裹体的特征。绿柱石包裹体的完全均一温度和盐度平均值均高于白钨矿和锡石，绿柱石和白钨矿包裹体液相成分中F^-、Cl^-离子含量高于锡石。绿柱石、白钨矿和锡石三种矿物沉淀的先后顺序为：绿柱石→锡石→白钨矿。     

小卧龙铁矿中锡石和白钨矿的分离试验

该铁矿为矽卡岩型磁铁矿床,伴生有钨、锡等有益元素,为了弄清这些元素的存在状态,我们对矿石中的磁铁矿、锡石、白钨矿、石榴石及辉石等近十种矿物进行了分离试验。本文只把锡石和白钨矿的分离方法简要总结如下: (一)方法选择矿石的矿物组合和物性特征,是选择矿物分离方法的依据。本铁矿的矿石矿物成分比较复杂,计有三十多种,其中较常见者有磁铁矿、赤铁矿、白钨矿、锡石、黄铜矿、黄铁矿及     

梵净山标水岩锡钨矿床地质特征及控矿因素

文章在介绍贵州梵净山标水岩锡钨矿床地质特征的基础上,论述了锡钨矿的赋存与富集是受白云母花岗岩、辉绿岩、构造和围岩蚀变的多重控制。认为成矿元素锡钨铜来源于下伏白云母花岗岩,将矿床工业类型列为含锡石、白钨矿电英岩脉型-云英岩脉型矿床;鉴于矿石内既有白云母、黄玉等气成标型矿物,又有电气石、锡石、黑钨矿等高温热液标型矿物,因此将矿床成因类型划属岩浆期后气成-高温热液型锡钨矿床。标水岩锡钨矿床与湖南、云南等锡钨矿床类比,成矿物质均来自花岗岩,控矿因素大同小异,但是形成时期却不相同,前者形成于武陵期,在国内实属少见,后者大都形成于燕山期,两者各具特色。     

四川平武板状绿柱石矿物学特征及板状成因

在综合该区绿柱石产出背景的基础上,从围岩蚀变、矿物共生组合、矿物标型形态和绿柱石测温测压等方面确定平武绿柱石矿床是气成高温浅成石英脉型矿床。文中对绿柱石矿物进行了湿法化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、微形貌分析,研究了该区绿柱石的形态、物性、化学成分及类质同象特征,确定该区绿柱石为板状晶形的含铯钠锂绿柱石,碱金属平均质量分数为2.412%(Li2O+Na2O+K2O+ Rb2O+Cs2O)。板状含碱绿柱石一般发育在伟晶岩中,气成高温热液矿床中产出板状含碱绿柱石极为罕见。在以上工作基础上,从绿柱石形成的内因和外因两方面探讨了绿柱石的板状成因。     

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床矿物学特征和形成机制

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床位于龙门山西北缘,主要赋存在盘口和浦口岭花岗岩之间的大理岩张性裂隙中。雪宝顶矿床中出现的矿物晶体颗粒巨大,且矿脉中矿物分带明显。矿脉在花岗岩中主要由绿柱石、锡石、白云母和钾长石(fd1、fd2和fd3)组成,在大理岩围岩中则由绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、萤石、方解石、石英、钠长石晶体(Ab4和Ab5)以及针状电气石和细粒磷灰石组成。3种不同形态的钾长石和2种不同形态的钠长石贯穿了整个矿脉的演化。随着围岩从花岗岩到大理岩的转换,晶体颗粒从小于1 cm的绿柱石、锡石演化至可达20 cm的绿柱石、锡石、萤石和白钨矿。采用EPMA、XRF、ICP-MS对单矿物颗粒进行全岩测试分析,结果显示:雪宝顶板状绿柱石介于Na-Li绿柱石和Li-Cs绿柱石之间,白钨矿中富集∑REE+Y(350×10~(-6)),白云母属于含Li白云母,磷灰石属于氟磷灰石,钾长石和钠长石比较纯净[fd1(Or 95.34~93.96)、fd2(Or 96.28~97.88)、fd3(Or 95.74~98.39)、Ab4(Ab 99.19~100)、Ab5(Ab 99.58~100)]。结合前人研究资料推测矿床形成机制为:在花岗岩演化的晚期,富F流体的脱熔作用大量富集了Li、Rb、Cs、W、Sn、Be、P等元素。这些来自于熔体的元素以不同的化合物形式(如SnF)在分离结晶过程中富集,通过成矿流体运移然后在花岗岩裂隙中小规模沉淀。花岗岩体的冷却引发的体积缩小导致了大理岩围岩中出现了放射状的张性裂隙。张性裂隙是控制成矿流体输运的主要通道,并引发了流体不混溶(相分离)。这个过程还伴随着包裹体均一温度不断下降和含矿络合物与围岩之间不断发生反应导致络合物不断分解。此时,成矿围岩从花岗岩变成大理岩,含F络合物大量被破坏造成成矿物质W-Sn-Be等元素大量沉淀,形成颗粒巨大的矿物晶体。选取与大颗粒绿柱石晶体共生的云母样品进行Ar-Ar定年并获得反等时线年龄195.7±2.5 Ma,代表了雪宝顶矿床形成的主成矿期年龄。     

赣南漂塘钨矿锡石及共生石英中流体包裹体研究

漂塘钨矿床是赣南地区一大型石英脉型钨多金属矿床,钨锡共生是该矿床的重要特征.在详细的岩相学观察基础上,采用“流体包裹体组合”(FIA)的研究方法,对该矿床锡矿化显著的(绿柱石)、锡石、黑钨矿-石英脉阶段石英脉中锡石及与其共生的石英中流体包裹体进行了显微测温和拉曼探针的分析.结果表明,锡石与共生石英形成的物理化学条件并不一致,两类矿物中流体包裹体揭示的流体演化过程也明显不同.锡石中原生的流体包裹体反映了锡石形成时真实的温压条件,与锡矿化相关的流体为高温、中-低盐度的NaCl-H2O流体体系.研究认为,锡石中流体可能主要来自于岩浆的结晶分异,流体体系的冷却是锡在流体中沉淀的主要机制.     

云南麻栗坡县马卡钨多金属矿床中铍赋存状态研究及意义

铍是一种稀有金属元素,在地壳中的含量约6×10-4。目前发现含铍的矿物约有50多种,具有工业价值的铍矿物主要有绿柱石、金绿宝石、硅铍石、日光榴石,其中最为常见的为绿柱石。近年来,我们通过对滇东南老君山矿集区北部马卡钨多金属矿床研究,发现该区伴生有Be资源,且Be以独立矿物日光榴石的形式存在,这与该矿集区其他铍矿床(绿柱石型)有所不同。通过详细的扫描电镜微区分析,可知研究区的日光榴石与白钨矿、萤石共生。研究表明,一般与石英脉型W矿有关的Be矿多为绿柱石型,而日光榴石多产在夕卡岩型矿床,故日光榴石的发现,除了其本身为一种新资源外,可能还指示了马卡钨多金属矿床的空间成矿模型为上部石英脉型、深部夕卡岩型。     

西藏类乌齐锡矿床锡石标型特征

类乌齐锡矿床是西藏近年来正在进行找矿评价的首批锡矿床。本文对矿区锡石的形态特点、物理光学性质、化学成分、红外光谱、晶体结构以及矿物组合等标型特征进行了系统的观察测试及研究。在此基础上,与同一成矿带的滇西某些锡矿床锡石标型特征作了对比,从矿物学研究角度,对本矿床的成因提供了与花岗岩类有关的气成—热液成矿的信息。     

腾冲—梁河地区来利山锡矿床成因类型探讨

来利山锡矿床是滇西锡矿带西亚带的一种主要的矿床类型。本文根据该矿床的矿体产状、矿石成分、矿石矿物微量元素、成矿溶液成分等方面所反映出锡矿化与黄铁矿化间的密切关系,认为该矿床虽有两种类型—多金属硫化物云英岩型和锡石-石英黄铁矿型,前者见于已有资料和文献,而主体部分则应属于后者,即岩浆期后热液成因的锡石-硫化物型大类的锡石-石英黄铁矿亚型。     

中央造山带秦巴地区发现石英脉型黑钨矿

正石英脉型黑钨矿是钨矿的一个工业类型,因其质量优于白钨矿而一直作为战略性资源加以保护性开采[1]。国内外的大型、超大型钨矿床均以白钨矿为主[2],而黑钨矿属于紧缺资源,其重要性等同于离子吸附型稀土矿。当前,黑钨矿主要产于中国的南岭地区,以赣南、粤北最为常见,并可见与绿柱石共生现象[3-5]。虽然近年来在江西北部也发现了大湖塘、朱溪等世界级超大型钨矿床,但含钨的矿石矿物仍是以白钨矿为主;前人曾提出"南钨北扩、东钨西扩"新认     

锡矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿意义

为探究不同类型锡矿床所反映出的自然重砂矿物组合特征,统计了云南、福建、江西、浙江、湖南、青海和广西7省共35个典型锡矿床的自然重砂情况,通过计算和分析各自然重砂矿物在所对应类型矿床中的报出频率,得出矽卡岩型、热液脉型和斑岩型3种锡矿所对应的自然重砂矿物组合。所反映出的重砂矿物组合既有相似之处,如均出现锡石+白钨矿(或黑钨矿)的矿物组合,亦反映出不相同的地方,如矽卡岩型锡矿石榴子石报出率高,斑岩型锡矿锆石报出率高等。因此,按照矿床类型建立的自然重砂矿物组合对于建立自然重砂找矿模型具有重要意义。     

云南泸水钨锡矿床微量钾矿物~（40）Ar－~（39）Ar马鞍形年龄谱的含义

采用４０＿Ａｒ－３９＿Ａｒ计时方法测定滇西沪水钨锡矿床的白云母、石英、电气石和绿柱石等矿物的年龄，其中微量Ｋ矿物（石英、电气石和绿柱石）均形成含过剩４０＿Ａｒ的马鞍形年龄谱。研究表明鞍形谱最小年龄的含义比较复杂，有些样品的最小年龄接近于成矿年龄，而有些样品的最小年龄大于甚至远大于成矿年龄。     

Genesis of the Xuebaoding W–Sn–Be Crystal Deposits in Southwest China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions,Stable Isotopes and Ore Elements

The Xuebaoding crystal deposit, located in northern Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China, is well known for producing coarse‐grained crystals of scheelite, beryl, cassiterite, fluorite and other minerals. The orebody occurs between the Pankou and Pukouling granites, and a typical ore vein is divided into three parts: muscovite and beryl within granite (Part I); beryl, cassiterite and muscovite in the host transition from granite to marble (Part II); and the main mineralization part, an assemblage of beryl, cassiterite, scheelite, fluorite, apatite and needle‐like tourmaline within marble (Part III). No evidence of crosscutting or overlapping of these ore veins by others suggests that the orebody was formed by single fluid activity. The contents of Be, W, Sn, Li, Cs, Rb, B, and F in the Pankou and Pukouling granites are similar to those of the granites that host Nanling W–Sn deposits. The calculated isotopic compositions of beryl, scheelite and cassiterite (δD, ?69.3‰ to ?107.2‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O, 8.2‰ to 15.0‰) indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were mainly composed of magmatic water with minor meteoric water and CO₂ derived from decarbonation of marble. Primary fluid inclusions are CO₂? CH₄+ H₂O ± CO₂ (vapor), with or without clathrates and halites. We estimate the fluid trapping condition at T = 220 to 360°C and P > 0.9 kbar. Fluid inclusions are rich in H₂O, F^‐ and Cl^‐. Evidence for fluid‐phase immiscibility during mineralization includes variable L/V ratios in the inclusions and inclusions containing different phase proportions. Fluid immiscibility may have been induced by the pressure released by extension joints, thereby facilitating the mineralization found in Part III. Based on the geochemical data, geological occurrence, and fluid inclusion studies, we hypothesize that the coarse‐grained crystals were formed by: (i) the high content of ore elements and volatile elements such as F in ore‐forming fluids; (ii) occurrence of fluid immiscibility and Ca‐bearing minerals after wall rock transition from granite to marble making the ore elements deposit completely; (iii) pure host marble as host rock without impure elements such as Fe; and (iv) sufficient space in ore veins to allow growth.     

Mineralogy of pockets of the Malkhan tourmaline deposit (Transbaikalia): feldspars of the Sosedka vein

A detailed study was given to the composition and structure of alkali feldspars from the pockets of the Sosedka pegmatite vein, a large source of gems within the Malkhan tourmaline deposit. The vein is of concentric-zonal structure. Three types of pockets were recognized by mineral composition: A—quartz–lepidolite–Mn–Li–Al–tourmaline (± pollucite, hambergite, borocookeite, boromuscovite, danburite, light pink beryl); B—quartz–adularia–axinite (± laumontite); and C—quartz and laumontite (± B-containing cookeite). Each type of pockets contains feldspars of specific composition and structure. This evidences that pockets formed in strongly different conditions, though some pockets of different types are localized as close as 0.5–2 m from each other within a zone. The reported data disagree with the common model implying the formation of zonal pegmatite bodies as a result of crystallization differentiation within the vein.     

云南泸水钨锡矿床微量钾矿物40Ar-39Ar马鞍形年龄谱的含义

采用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar计时方法测定滇西泸水钨锡矿床的白云母、石英、电气石和绿柱石等矿物的年龄，其中微量K矿物（石英、电气石和绿柱石）均形成含过剩⁴⁰Ar的马鞍形年龄谱。研究表明鞍形谱最小年龄的含义比较复杂，有些样品的最小年龄接近于成矿年龄，而有些样品的最小年龄大于甚至远大于成矿年龄。     

Malinovka deposit—A new type of gold mineralization in Primorye,Russia: Geology,mineralogy, and genesis

Original data on the ore composition are obtained by studying samples from mining workings. In terms of mineral composition, gold-productive veinlets are subdivided into three types: sulfide–quartz, sulfide–carbonate–quartz, and sulfide. The wall-rock metasomatites and typomorphic features of the minerals are studied and the genetic problems of the ores and deposit are discussed. It is established that the Malinovka deposit is ascribed to the gold–tourmaline type (gold–quartz formation), which is identified for the first time in Primorye. In terms of many parameters, the ores of this type are close to those of the large deposits from the Transbaikalian and Amur regions (Klyuchevsky, Kariy, Kirov, Darasun, and others), which are genetically related to granitoid magmatism.     

四川雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床中矿物化学组成及矿床成因

雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究。本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析。结果显示,雪宝顶矿床中的绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、白云母、萤石、磷灰石、电气石,除富含W、Sn、Be、Na、K、Ca等主要成矿元素外,还富集Li、Rb、Cs等碱金属元素和F、B、P等挥发份。其中,雪宝顶绿柱石中富含Li(3484~4243μg/g)、Rb(39.3~71.1μg/g)、Cs(2955~3526μg/g);白云母中Li、Rb和Cs元素含量分别高达4243μg/g、72.3μg/g和3526μg/g;磷灰石中除主量元素P外,F(4.48%~5.21%)含量相对较高;电气石中的B含量高达30990~32880μg/g。雪宝顶矿床中的花岗岩岩体W、Sn、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、F、B、P等元素相对富集,但CaO含量(0.46%~0.82%)相对较低。其中Li、F、B、P等元素对成矿元素在成矿流体内的富集起到了极大的促进作用。矿区内大理岩是一种富Ca的方解石大理岩,为成矿提供了大量的Ca元素,有利于粗粒矿物的大规模沉淀。因此,粗粒矿物中的W、Sn、Be、Li、Rb、Cs、F、B、P等元素主要来源于原始岩浆流体,大理岩地层为粗粒矿物提供了大量的Ca元素。     

云南大屯锡粗精矿工艺矿物学研究

以云南大屯选矿厂锡粗精矿为研究对象,采用化学分析、X射线衍射分析及光学显微镜分析等手段对该粗精矿的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布粒度特征等进行了详细的研究。结果表明,锡粗精矿中有价元素锡的品位为13.80%,锡矿物主要以锡石形式产出。锡粗精矿中TFe含量为30.78%,主要以褐铁矿、磁黄铁矿的形式存在,磁黄铁矿是导致粗精矿含硫高的主要原因。锡粗精矿中主要的脉石矿物有白云石、透闪石、电气石、石英、白云母、萤石等,且脉石矿物与锡石均有不同程度的毗邻连生、包裹共生关系。本次工艺矿物学研究认为,大屯选矿厂锡粗精矿宜采用浮选预先脱硫,除去其中的硫化物,再对浮选尾矿采用重选工艺提高锡品位和回收率。该研究结果可以为大屯选矿厂工艺流程改造和合理开发利用锡资源提供科学依据。     

The petrology and mineralogy of the pegmatite complex at Bismuth,Torrington, N.S.W.

The pegmatite complex of epi‐Permian age at Bismuth near Torrington, N.S.W., consists of an elongated intrusion of a granitoid quartz‐topaz rock (silexite) together with a series of pegmatites of varying composition. The principal pegmatite consists of orthoclase, biotite, quartz and beryl with concentric zoning passing outwards into fine‐grained biotite‐beryl rock containing a number of ore minerals: arsenides of Co, Fe and Ni, wolframite, bismuth, bismuthinite, molybdenite, joseite, cassiterite, rutile, uraninite and monazite. Small pegmatite veins issuing from this main body contain, in addition to the silicate minerals, high temperature tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. A second group is characterised by quartz, orthoclase and beryl with occasional patches of tourmaline.

Emplacement at no great depth is indicated by breccia veins and stock‐works filled with pegmatite.

The origin of a silica hydromagma is considered in terms of existing experimental work and in terms of field occurrence. Structural evidence suggests that the quartzose intrusion preceded the injection of the pegmatite fluids, both being derived from the parent Mole biotite granite.