Model Test Study of Dynamic Ice Force on Compliant Conical Structures

To study ice-induced vibration of a compliant conical structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2005.In the tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to fail in two-time breaking.From 2005 to 2006,this type of ice failure was studied through more groups of tests.The tests show that two-time breaking is the typical failure of ice before steep conical structures,and is controlled by other factors at the same time,such as ice speed and the angle of the cone.     

Model Test Study on Ice-Induced Vibrations of Compliant Multi-Cone Structures

For the study on the ice-induced vibration of a compliant mono-cone structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2006.In these tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to be failed in two-time breaking.Based on this important finding,model tests study of the ice force on a compliant multi-cone structure were performed from 2006 to 2007.in these tests,the ice sheet broke before each single cone non-simultaneously.The exciting energy of the total ice force was found to be in a wide range of frequencies,and the structure can be easily excited with nonlinear resonance.     

渤海抗冰导管架平台失效模式分析

基于多个现役结构的监测数据,对渤海抗冰导管架平台的动力失效进行了分析。结果显示,渤海抗冰导管架平台属于典型的柔性抗冰结构,存在比较显著的冰激振动现象,冰振不仅能引起显著的导管架管结点疲劳应力,还会激起较大的甲板加速度响应,引起作业人员与上部设施的疲劳问题。     

Dynamics of Sea Ice and Spectrum of Ice Force

Spectrum and self-excite characters are the two significant characters of the dynamics of sea ice. The spectrum character of sea ice is mainly shown by the spectrum of ice force. The spectrum character of the sea ice is its intrinsic attributes. When the spectrum of ice force from the dynamic response of ice and structure interaction are evaluated, the effect of dynamic character of the structure must be eliminated. In this paper, the ice force spectrum at Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay is evaluated from the displacement and strain responses of a single degree and a multi-degree freedom structure. The evaluated ice force spectrum can be used to define the spectrum character of ice in the analysis of ice induced vibration.     

Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Ice-Induced Displacement Responses of Offshore Fixed Platforms

—On the basis of ice-induced forced vibration model,ice-induced displacement responses ofoffshore fixed platforms are investigated in both time domain and frequency domain.The relationships ofice-induced displacement responses with ice breaking modes,ice acting directions and platform structuresare analyzed and determined.The results lead to an important conclusion obtained for the first time thatice breaking frequency and the natural frequency of the first mode of the platform are the two main fac-tors that dominate the degree of vibration.The present work provides a firm basis for both design and op-eration of fixed platforms against ice loading.     

Mitigation of Ice-Induced Vibrations for Offshore Platforms Using Tuned Mass Damper

The problems of ice-induced vibration have been noticed and concerned since the 1960s, but it has not been well resolved. One reason is that the dynamic interaction between ice and structure is so complicated that practical ice force model has not been developed. The recent full-scale tests conducted on jacket platforms in the Bohai Sea presented that ice could cause intense vibrations which endanger the facilities on the deck and make discomfort for the crew. In this paper, the strategy of mitigation of ice-induced offshore structure vibration is discussed. Based on field observations and understanding of the interaction between ice and structure, the absorption mitigation method to suppress ice-induced vibration is presented. The numerical simulations were conducted for a simplified model of platform attached with a Tuned Mass Danlper （TMD） under ice force function and ice force time history. The simulation results show that TMD can fa- vorably reduce ice-induced vibrations, therefore, it can be considered to be an alternative approach to utilize. Finally, the application possibilities of utilizing TMDs on other miniature offshore structures in ice-covered areas of marginal oil fields are discussed.     

锥角对锥体结构抗冰性能影响的离散元分析

在寒区海洋工程中,锥体海洋结构的尺寸参数对其破冰性能具有重要影响。采用具有黏结-破碎功能的离散元方法模拟海冰与锥体结构的相互作用过程中海冰的破坏模式及冰载荷分析。该离散元方法的计算参数通过与渤海油气平台的实测数据对比进行了可靠性验证。在此基础上,当设计海域的潮差固定时,对不同锥角下风电单桩锥体结构的冰载荷和海冰破坏模式进行了离散元分析。计算结果表明:锥体冰载荷随锥角的增大而增大,海冰的平均断裂长度则随锥角的增大而减小;当锥角小于70°时海冰的破碎模式主要为弯曲破坏,而当锥角大于70°时海冰破坏模式则主要为挤压破碎。以上研究结果可为冰区海上风电单桩结构的抗冰锥设计提供参考。     

基于实测动冰力时程的海洋平台结构冰振反应分析

冰激平台结构振动是影响渤海石油钻采平台冬季正常生产和安全的主要因素。本文采用实测冰压力时程,对渤海辽东湾北部的ＪＺ２０－２ＭＵＱ平台结构进行了冰振反应分析,计算了不同设计冰厚、不同冰作用方向和标高及平台桩腿有无正倒锥体（一种破冰装置）的结构反应,探讨了正倒锥体对减轻冰力和结构反应的作用,发现了结构冰激振动的一些特征,为在该平台上实施振动控制方案提供了依据     

渤海海域单柱三桩式海上风电结构冰激振动分析

针对渤海某区域以单柱三桩式结构为支撑的海上风电系统进行了冰激振动分析。首先模拟风电结构具有显著动力特性差异的主-从式结构特征,根据工程场址海域冰情条件,设置了合理的海冰分析工况,随后依据概化冰力函数确定作用于风电基础结构上的动冰力时程,开展全时域瞬态动力分析。通过对计算结果的详尽分析,选定表征冰与风电结构相互作用进程的综合控制因子Ic,建立基于综合控制因子的冰振事件区划及其出现概率的预判方法。相关方法将为渤海海域风电工程结构冰激振动问题的预判与评估提供参考。     

锥体冰力的实验研究

通过冰力模型试验,研究了锥体冰力的特征和锥间距对冰力的影响。试验发现冰在正-倒锥交界线上的破坏为挤压破坏;根据试验数据给出了冰在双锥前的非同时破坏系数。     

正倒锥体结构上冰力谱分析实验研究

利用研制的新型非冻结可破碎合成模型冰材料，进行了冰排与正倒锥体结构物作用的物理模拟试验研究，试验中观察记录了冰排的破碎过程并测定了作用于锥体结构物上的冰力，通过快速傅立叶变换方法由所测得的冰力时程曲线得到冰力频谱，分析并讨论了冰排速度，本结构物的水线直径，锥角以及冰排弯曲破坏方向等对冰力频谱对冰力频谱因子的影响。     

海洋平台基于隔振锥体装置的减振效应研究

针对导管架式海洋平台结构型式与特点,利用冲击隔振理论,将冰锥体与隔振技术结合起来,提出一种能有效降低冰荷载激励的"两级柔性隔振锥体"设计方案。建立了两极隔振锥体简化计算模型,确定了系统振动传递系数参数之间的关系。通过建立海洋平台有限元模型,采用有限元程序,进行了模拟冰荷载激励下的振动响应分析,并对安装隔振装置的小比例模型结构进行了冲击荷载下的减振试验。结果表明采用"两级柔性隔振锥体"能有效降低传递给海洋平台的冰力极值,减小海洋平台冰激励的响应。     

冰激锥体振动物理模拟实验

应用DUT 1非冻结可破碎模型冰进行冰激锥体振动模拟实验的实验设备和模型的设计 ,给出了低冰速和高冰速两种情况下的结构位移曲线、冰力曲线及其幅值谱分析结果 ,得出了结构卓越频率和冰速与特征长度之比的关系 ,发现冰激锥体振动同冰激柱体振动一样有“频率锁定”现象。将实验结果与已有的冰排与圆柱相互作用实验结果进行比较 ,发现冰激锥体振动和冰激柱体振动有着相似的机理     

A New Model for Ice Forces on A Conical Structure

The ice force is an important factor to be taken into account for offshore structures in cold regions, and the calculation method of the ice force is meaningful for the offshore structure design. The cone is now used as an optimal ice-resistant structure because it can cause bending failure of the ice sheet. The interaction between an ice sheet and a conical structure is studied in this paper and Croasdale‘s model is modified based on field observations. The newly built model separates the ice sheet into the emersed part and the floating part, and the equilibrium analyses are canied out respectively. The bending moment distribution of the ice sheet is analyzed for the determination of the position of bending failure, which serves as a supplementary restraint. The analytic solution of the ice foree on a conical structure is obtained it is verified with the experimental data of previous researches.     

Ice-Induced Fatigue Analysis by Spectral Approach for Offshore Jacket Platforms with Ice-Breaking Cones

The spectral methods and ice-induced fatigue analysis are discussed based on Miner's linear cumulative fatigue hypothesis and S-N curve data.According to the long-term data of full-scale tests on the platforms in the Bohai Sea,the ice force spectrum of conical structures and the fatigue environmental model are established.Moreover,the finite element model of JZ20-2MSW platform,an example of ice-induced fatigue analysis,is built with ANSYS software.The mode analysis and dynamic analysis in frequency domain under all kinds of ice fatigue work conditions are carried on,and the fatigue life of the structure is estimated in detail.The methods in this paper can be helpful in ice-induced fatigue analysis of ice-resistant platforms.     

自升式平台冰激动力响应分析

应用ANSYS软件建立了平台和冰相互作用的有限元模型,构建了自升式平台的冰激振动模型,并计算基于2种冰力模型的自升式平台的动力响应。此动力分析方法具有建模方便和计算精度高的特点。以某自升式平台为例,计算了冰和平台结构相互作用的耦合效应,为自升式平台冰激振动安全评估提供了参考依据。     

基于黏聚单元法计算分析海洋平台锥形立柱冰载荷

基于非线性有限元分析方法和LS-DYNA计算软件,使用黏聚单元法建立层冰的数值模型,并进行了层冰与锥形立柱相互作用的数值模拟,研究抗冰锥角、冰厚等参数对立柱所受冰载荷的影响。模拟结果与实测和试验结果吻合良好。研究结果表明:使用黏聚单元法建立的层冰模型可以较好地模拟出层冰的破碎和堆积过程,冰载荷计算结果与ISO冰力标准结果以及离散单元法计算结果吻合较好;锥形立柱的抗冰锥角大小对冰载荷影响明显,随着锥角增大,水平方向的最大冰力增大而竖直方向上最大冰力减小;锥形结构改变了碰撞过程中层冰的破坏形式;结构物所受冰力大小与层冰厚度呈正相关,且增加速度接近线性。     

海上风电大直径单桩基础结构在渤海海冰环境下的抗冰性能研究

文章以大连庄河临近的渤海海域为例,基于SACS模型研究大直径单桩基础结构在渤海海冰环境下的抗冰性能。研究结果表明：在静冰力方面,根据不同规范推荐公式设计的大直径单桩基础材料的用量可相差约10%;在动冰力方面,在不同冰速和冰厚的组合工况下,低冰速和大冰厚作用下的大直径单桩基础结构更易产生持续振动。     

多桩锥体海洋平台结构冰荷载遮蔽效应离散元分析

在海冰与多桩锥体海洋平台结构的相互作用中,平台结构总冰力在海冰流向和桩腿方位的影响下呈现出显著的遮蔽效应。采用具有粘结-破碎效应的离散元方法,基于GPU并行的高性能计算,对不同冰向下锥体海洋平台结构的冰荷载进行了数值分析,确定了不同冰向下平台结构各桩腿的冰力衰减系数并分析了总冰力的遮蔽效应。最后,对自由边界影响下多桩平台结构冰荷载遮蔽效应的产生机理进行了讨论。本文工作可为多桩腿平台结构的冰荷载特性、冰激结构振动以及冰区结构设计提供参考。     

Ice Induced Low Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation in Offshore Structural Steel A131

To investigate the low temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of offshore structuralsteel A131 under random ice loading,three ice failure modes that are commonly present in the Bohai Gulfare simulated according to the vibration stress responses induced by real ice loading.The test data are pro-cessed by a universal software FCPUSL developed on the basis of the theory of fatigue crack propagationand statistics.The fundamental parameter controlling the fatigue crack propagation induced by randomice loading is determined to be the amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor K_(arm).The test resultsare presented on the crack propagation diagram where the crack growth rate da/dN is described as thefunction of K_(arm).It is evident that the ice failure modes have great influence on the fatigue crack propaga-tion behavior of the steel in ice-induced vibration.However,some of the experimental phenomena and testresults are hard to be physically explained at present.The work in this paper is an init