青海省物探工作现状及对策分析

从近几年的矿产勘查工作情况看,物探工作的重要性逐渐显现,但我省目前物探基础工作程度相对较低,物探工作量的设置零散,缺乏系统性,加之物探高素质人才缺乏,技术力量分散,使物探的优势没能得到充分发挥。通过对全省物探工作现状及存在的主要问题分析认为,首先应提高对物探工作的认识和理解,其次要加强物探技术管理,提高物探工作质量,培养高素质综合型物探技术人才,合理部署物探工作,才能真正发挥出物探工作的优势,为全省地勘工作服务。     

放射性物探勘探方法技术及应用

深部找矿工作已经成为我省未来地质找矿工作的发展方向,近几年来,普通物探方法技术及仪器设备更新较快,已经成为地质找矿工作的主要方法。但在干旱、沼泽湿地及岩石完全裸露等特殊条件下,常规的电法工作受到了限制,在某些放射性矿种及解决特殊地质问题方面,放射性物探的应用还是十分广泛的。笔者通过多年实际工作经验,介绍几种简单适用的放射性物探方法技术。     

大兴安岭地区航磁异常查证中的航磁异常筛选及分类

我省大兴安岭地区1：5万航空物探测量项目,是黑龙江省政府和国土资源部合作开展的一个大型基础调查项目。此项目的开展,可以进一步丰富该地区地质找矿资料,加快其找矿步伐,通过发现、检查一批航空物探异常,为工作区提供有利成矿区段和找矿靶区。大兴安岭是全国16个重点成矿带之一,植被覆盖率高,通过航空物探先行,提高基础地质工作质量,发现和查证航空物探异常,有助于陕速、高效的发现地下矿藏。     

从地球物理场特征谈河南地质构造

利用各种地球物理探测资料,对我省浅层和深层地质构造分别进行论述,提出一些新看法,为深化我省地质构造研究,探讨构造格局的形成和演化,从物探资料上提供了依据。     

江苏物探工作回顾与展望

经过几十年的历程,江苏物探技术的应用领域在不断拓宽.回顾了几十年来江苏物探工作发展的4个阶段.提出了在新的世纪中人口、资源、环境将是最为突出的三大热点问题.江苏物探工作任重道远,尤其在矿产资源勘查和环境检测与防治方面,将成为江苏物探技术大显身手的领域.     

南水北调中线工程(河南段)综合物探运用效果

本文介绍了南水北调中线工程（河南段）物探工作概况,简要叙述了渠段地形地质概况、地球物理特征及物探方法技术,着重分析了物探测试效果。     

河南煤田物测队支援“疆煤东运”

日前，为支援“疆煤东运”先期地质勘查工作，河南省煤田地质局物探测量队抽调百余名施工人员带着国际先进的物探测量仪器奔赴新疆。首个物探项目——哈密三塘湖三维地震勘探已于近日开工。     

河南煤田局四队物探工程处走出国门谋发展

日前,从河南省煤田地质局四队获悉,该队物探工程处正在老挝华潘省桑怒区块进行的项目目前已完成6口测井2200米的工作量。河南局四队物探工程处是一支人员学历高、技术好、设备精良的专业物探队伍,成立3年多来,共完成各类测井近300口,测井工作量20多万米。去年5月,该队物探工程处在河南省叶县-舞     

小比例尺的地质普查工作中FX-1幅相仪的应用

许多地质工作程度较低的地区往往只有小比例尺的地质、水文、航磁资料,有的还有航电资料,但是往往缺少地面物探资料,现有的地面物探工作仪器在小比例尺的地质工作中显得力不从心,使得只有小比例尺地质工作的地区资料不够充分,对于未来工作目标的确定和工作开展带来一定的盲目性。     

综合物探方法在地热勘查中的应用

物探方法在金属、石油、煤炭等地质勘探中应用广泛,并占有十分重要的位置,但在地热勘探方面应用的较少,主要表现为采用的方法少和新技术应用的少。该文试图通过较系统的电、磁、重力、遥感、测井、地震等物探方法在地热资源勘查方面的应用及实例探讨,以期引起有关部门对地热物探工作的重视,使物探手段更好地为地热资源开发利用服务。     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

铁锰氧化物对苯酚氧化降解的实验研究

为了考察铁锰氧化物对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力,采用天然以及合成的铁锰氧化物对苯酚的氧化降解进行对比实验研究.土壤中铁锰氧化物样品分别为天然针铁矿及氧化锰,合成铁锰氧化物样品分别为合成针铁矿及软锰矿.结果表明:苯酚与铁锰氧化物发生氧化还原作用时,还可能与土壤中杂质发生吸附等作用;铁锰氧化物还原反应强度随着反应介质pH值的...     

Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cod(Gadus morhua),Haddock(Melanogrammus aeglefinus)and Halibut(Hippogiossus hippoglossus)

This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod(276 g±61 g),haddock(538 g±83 g)and halibut(3704 g±221 g)were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters(FAME).Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak(R).The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction(88.1%-97.1%).Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.     

人口数据空间化研究进展

人口数据空间化旨在揭示人口在地理空间上的分布位置及数量信息,展现人口统计数据的地理学含义,其研究已经成为人口学、地理学、GIS领域的研究热点。人口空间数据库在各级政府部门的规划和决策、灾害评估、资源配置等方面,具有重要的应用价值和科学意义。经过近30年的发展,人口数据空间化研究水平逐渐成熟,模型丰富多样,已获得众多成果。为把握人口空间化研究的研究现状,本文首先依据研究目的、建模思想及模型原理的异同,从3个方面对人口空间化研究进行梳理：（1）格网大小（尺度）的确定;（2）3种常用建模思想及6类主要模型的对比分析;（3）提高人口空间化精度的措施及其应用背景、优点。在此基础上,依据现阶段人口数据空间化的研究内容,从格网尺度适宜性研究、高时空分辨率人口空间分布模拟、引入新型数据源及多思想多模型综合应用等方面探讨了人口数据空间化的研究方向。     

柴达木盆地南缘和北缘金属矿产资源地球物理勘查进展

柴达木盆地南缘和北缘地处秦祁昆成矿域西段,成矿条件优越,地质构造复杂。总结分析柴达木盆地南缘和北缘找矿模型和地球物理勘探现状,对深部找矿突破具有重大指导意义。柴达木盆地南缘和北缘矿床成因以喷流沉积型多金属矿、岩浆熔离型镍铜钴矿、沉积型铁矿、层控型铅锌矿及热液型多金属矿为主。矿床形成时代分为前寒武纪、早古生代早中期、晚古生代、中生代4个时期,其成矿动力学机制包括伸展、挤压、局部伸展-挤压。由于矿体与围岩之间具有一定的物性差异,根据柴达木盆地南缘和北缘不同物性分布及成矿地质条件,优选重力、磁法、电法、地震等有效的地球物理方法进行探测,取得了一定的找矿效果。以夏日哈木镍铜矿床、锡铁山铅锌矿床、野马泉铁多金属矿床3个典型矿区为例,解剖当前柴达木盆地南缘和北缘矿产资源地质和地球物理找矿进展,并进一步指出今后的发展方向,包括移动平台探测技术、多分辨电磁探测理论与技术、综合地球物理数据联合反演技术以及人工智能与云计算技术等。     

广西象州—武宣一带泥盆系白云岩化特征

本文通过野外观察和室内镜下研究,就广西象州—武宣—带泥盆系白云岩的分布、类型和白云岩化的阶段特征以及其剖面相序进行了论述,并阐述了白云岩化作用的形成机理,提出处于古地理高部位的生物礁滩、砂屑滩以及浅水潮坪区的成岩白云岩及部分准同生白云岩与混合水白云岩化机理有关;部分泻湖相的准同生白云岩可能与渗滤回流作用有关:台凹相的泥质白云岩与埋藏压实作用机理有关:层纹石白云岩及部分条带(纹)状灰云岩则与生物作用有关:而后生白云岩属热卤水作用等看法。指出成岩及成岩—后生铅锌矿床与生物礁,滩带和潮坪泻湖相带成岩期白云岩化作用关系密切,铅锌矿化或矿体的厚度大小和富集程度往往与含矿白云岩的厚度呈正相关关系。后生铅锌矿床则与后生白云岩作用有关,矿石矿物主要赋存于含矿断裂切穿白云岩的部位,呈网脉状分布于后生脉状白云岩或层间破碎带的角砾白云岩中。     

基于众包的古琴名人时空信息采集与移动轨迹时空分析

古琴是中华民族的古老乐器,知名的古琴名人流传至今,但是由于古代历史书籍匮乏、记录不完整性以及古今地名歧义性等原因,导致无法收集完整的古琴名人移动轨迹数据。本文基于众包思想,构建基于WebGIS的古琴名人时空信息采集系统,着重解决古琴名人轨迹数据库和知识数据库的构建。基于众包数据,古琴名人时空信息采集系统对古琴名人轨迹进行可视化查询,动态展示古琴名人的二维与三维轨迹,并结合古琴知识图谱,实现古琴名人相关信息的智能化查询。古琴名人轨迹点时空核密度分析结果显示古琴名人移动轨迹与中国历史人口迁移趋势一致,且古琴名人倾向于停留在具有浓厚文化气息的历史名城与山水之地,从而有利于古琴文化的传承与发展。本文所采用的方法不仅可用于古琴名人,同样适用于其他历史名人或移动物体的轨迹采集。     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

基于遥感影像的海岸线提取方法综述

近年来,全球气候变暖等原因导致海平面不断升高,人类对海岸带的开发也越来越频繁,海岸带的变化比以前更为活跃,因此精确快速地提取出海岸线并实时监测其变化对我国海岸带的开发规划与利用具有重要的意义。本文详细梳理了国内外利用光学遥感、微波遥感和雷达遥感手段提取瞬时水边线或理论海岸线的方法,对各种经典方法和一些近年来出现的新方法进行了分析和比较,并指出各种方法的适用情况和不足。最后,针对目前中国在此方面的研究现状给出了一些建议。