基于Amzi! Prolog的帆船辅助训练专家系统

为指导帆船运动员对训练中常见问题进行判断和故障排除操作,构建此帆船辅助训练专家系统.此系统将帆船训练和帆船比赛等有关的知识和经验转换成计算机可处理的规则和事实,建立基于规则和事实的诊断树;将Delphi扩展谓词技术应用于界面的显示和控制,方便的实现了专家系统的诊断界面随着诊断的深入,一步步动态变化的过程.帆船辅助训练专家系统不仅仅是1种新型的训练辅助手段,而且是1种实现帆船教练的经验知识共享的有效平台.     

多参数帆船运动监测系统研究

本文根据帆船运动操作各部分的实际需要,寻找航向角、帆角、船速之间的定量关系,设计并实现了一套参数帆船运动监测系统。利用多传感器的有效数据融合,实现了相对于现在国内帆船运动数据测量的更高准确度的要求。通过在帆船搭建系统,进行多次出海训练采集有关运动数据,并MATLAB方法进行数据分析,实现了在某一风流条件下,帆角速度变化数据图和航向角速度变化数据图,为更好指导帆船训练比赛提供数据依据。     

2008奥运会帆船基地平面物理模型试验研究

2008北京奥运会青岛帆船比赛基地的平面布置对港内泊稳条件、比赛效果、场地外观等提出较高要求。文中总结帆船比赛基地平面布置的水工物理模型试验成果,分析赛船区的泊稳条件,讨论布局合理性,并提出改进措施。     

浮山湾帆船赛场水动力条件数值模拟

潮流数值计算是研究海域现状潮流场及预测潮流场分布的一个重要方法.根据帆船比赛的要求,结合青岛浮山湾及邻近海域的地理信息,应用分步杂交方法建立浮山湾变边界潮流数值模型进行模拟计算,分析浮山湾帆船赛场的水动力条件,从潮波、海水流速等方面证明选址的合理性.结果表明,浮山湾及附近海域的水动力和气候务件等均能够满足帆船比赛的要求.     

青岛市作为2008年奥运会海上赛场可行性分析

为支持北京申办2008年奥运会，青岛已在前年四月份、六月份和去年四月份先后三次向国家体育总局和北京市政府递交了要求承办2008年奥运会海上项目的申办报告。前年十月国际帆船联合会主席保尔－亨德森先生在视察青岛时认为，就青岛的城市环境、水域状况而完全有条件承办奥运会的帆船、帆板比赛，同意把奥运帆船比赛放在青岛举行。本文从青岛市优越的自然环境有社会环境来分析将其作为奥运海上赛场的可行性。     

用多波束系统对奥运帆船赛区进行水深地形测量的建议

2008年奥运帆船比赛将在青岛举行。预选赛场如何符合帆船比赛的要求?海底是否有影响运动员安全的障碍物7为此，建议对预选赛场海区进行多波束全覆盖水深地形测量。同时介绍了多波束测深系统的先进性以及在许多海洋工程中的应用。     

亚运帆赛战鼓声响 海洋预报保驾护航——广州亚运会海洋预报服务系统建设和运作纪实

随着以“水”为主题的大型开幕式文艺表演《启航》拉开帷幕，第16届亚洲运动会于11月12日在广州开幕，其中帆船比赛项目于14日-21日在汕尾市红海湾遮浪半岛海域举行。帆船项目是对海洋环境最敏感的运动项目之一，准确的海流、海浪、潮汐和水温的预测和观测服务关系到帆船比赛的顺利进行。     

奥运青岛帆船赛场气象服务关键技术分析

帆船比赛是与气象关系最密切的比赛项目。以青岛8，9月份的天气为分析、预报的对象，在深入分析及参照悉尼2000年奥运气象服务的预报技术组成、实施方法与技术要求的基础上，分析讨论了青岛奥运帆船比赛气象服务体系中关键性环节的技术要求与技术构成。主要研究问题包括：（1）GIS青岛气象资料预报服务系统；（2）青岛地区站点的布设及资料观测系统；（3）青岛夏秋Nowcasting集成预报系统。     

帆船·要素阶

帆船运动场地及设施要素 帆船正式比赛的场地距海岸应有0．5～2千米，需要在开阔的水域上设4～5个比赛场地，每个场地直径约为1．9～3．6千米。这些区域水流不宜太大，水深不宜超过30米，不允许有固体漂浮物，渔网、渔排等障碍物。赛前及比赛期间这些场地区域对民用船及商业船只应当实行禁航。由海警在各区域外值守。     

帆船·要素阶

帆船运动场地及设施要素 帆船正式比赛的场地距海岸应有0．5～2千米，需要在开阔的水域上设4～5个比赛场地，每个场地直径约为1．9～3．6千米。这些区域水流不宜太大，水深不宜超过30米，不允许有固体漂浮物，渔网、渔排等障碍物。赛前及比赛期间这些场地区域对民用船及商业船只应当实行禁航。由海警在各区域外值守。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,