大别超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的组构与变形

从组构、位错及显微构造等方面研究了超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的流变学性质。①榴辉岩经历了高温塑性变形,形成了绿辉石LPO组构。绿辉石的塑性变形除位错蠕变外,还可能包含其他机制,如扩散蠕变和GBM等。②本区榴辉岩的主期变形,以共轴变形为主;由于造山带内部应变分解,部分榴辉岩含非共轴应变分量。③弗氏台所测双晶面均为[100],这可能说明绿辉石在高温变形的基础上有低温变形叠加。④亚颗粒的发育是比较普遍的。但碧溪岭和双河地区的绿辉石变形表象并不一样。⑤分别对碧溪岭和双河地区的代表性岩石96DB-21和96D-23作了付林图解分析,结果如下:96DB-21,X:Y:Z=     

大别山超高压岩石的流变学研究

本文利用野外构造解析、透射电镜、岩组等手段,对大别山地区超高压岩石的变形表象及变形机制进行了详细的观察和研究,从而动态地建立了超高压岩石折返的PTtD轨迹。结果表明:超高压石榴橄榄岩经历了高温和低温两种变形,其中橄榄石中发育高温[001](100)和中低温[010](100)两种滑移系。超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的位错构造发育,位错密度为4.98×10~7/cm~2。绿辉石亚颗粒的特征显示存在颗粒边界迁移和扩散蠕变。绿辉石的组构测定表明,绿辉石晶内塑性流动形成了[001]极密,该极密平行于线理,属L型收缩组构。组构对称型显示本区榴辉岩以共轴变形为主,由于应变分解,部分地区含非共轴成分。付林图解表明,绿辉石和石榴子石的变形均属于收缩型椭球,拉伸型应变,这与绿辉石组构测定结果一致。石榴子石位错密度为3.54×10~7/cm~2,部分地区的石榴子石发育动态重结晶及核幔构造等,形成榴辉岩相糜棱岩。另外根据不同超高压岩石中石英的位错密度或亚颗粒大小,计算了超高压岩石折返时各个阶段的应力大小。     

超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石组构测定及其流变学意义

绿辉石高温变形特征在很大决定了榴辉岩流变学表象,绿辉石变形显微构造和晶格优选方位（ＬＰＯ）的研究是认识榴辉岩变形机制和动力学背景参数（应变,应力,应变速率）的重要途径之一,详细介绍了绿辉石ＬＰＯ测定方法和步骤,报道了潜山县双河地区超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石组构初步研究成果及流变学意义,ＬＰＯ测量成果表明：双河榴辉岩绿辉石组构（００１）极密位于页理面附近,并于近平行线理Ｌ（０１０）环带垂直直于Ｌ（００１）     

大别山双河超高压硬玉石英岩显微组构特征及其流变学意义

硬玉石英岩是大别—苏鲁超高压(UHP) 变质带内重要超高压岩石类型之一, 其变形机制和动力学背景参数(应变、应力、应变速率) 对于全面了解超高压造山带的形成和演化有非常重要的意义.对大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩3个样品中的主要组成矿物硬玉和石英进行显微组构和透射电镜(TEM) 的初步研究.晶格优选方位(LPO) 测量成果表明: 硬玉组构类型与绿辉石相近, 为L, LS型; 石英组构类型主要为单斜对称.TEM研究表明硬玉滑移系以(100) [001]、(110)[001]及(110)1/2[110]为主.石英中位错发育, 滑移系以(0001)[1120]底面滑移为主, 代表硬玉石英岩折返过程中经历的区域性剪切作用      

水在大别山榴辉岩的绿辉石变形中的作用

大别山超高压变质带内发育强烈变形的榴辉岩,其中的绿辉石被强烈拉长变形,形成LPO组构。通过透射电镜观察和测试,笔者在变形的绿辉石晶体中不仅识别出自由位错、位错环和位错墙等塑性变形结构特征,而且还识别出水汽泡。这些水汽泡常常与位错环相共生。同时通过显微红外光     

榴辉岩组构运动学与大陆深俯冲——中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩的EBSD研究

中国大陆科学钻探主孔位于苏鲁超高压带南部的东海县毛北榴辉岩体之上。主孔0-600米深度的榴辉岩的塑性变形以具中等倾角的东倾面理,近南北向的水平拉伸线理、“A”型剪切褶皱和一系列平行面理的微型韧性剪切带为特征。使用电子背散射（EBSD）技术测量的主孔7个榴辉岩样品的石榴石和绿辉石的晶格优选定向（LPO）表明：石榴石基本上无序排列,而绿辉石表现出强烈的LPO。绿辉石的[001]轴近平行于拉伸线理方向,（010）面的法线和[100]轴垂直面理分布,{110}的法线形成垂直面理的环带,反映绿辉石的位错蠕变由[001]（100）和1／2〈^-110〉滑移系控制,其不对称的LPO指示了由北向南的剪切指向。根据单斜辉石的高温实验结果,毛北榴辉岩经历了800-900℃的超高压变质作用。通过构造重塑,揭示毛北榴辉岩体为剪切流变褶皱,形成于扬子板块深俯冲时的超高压变质过程。因此榴辉岩中保留的早期岩石组构特征可以为板块的深俯冲运动学和俯冲极性提供重要信息。     

大别山双河地区超高压变质岩矿物超微构造的HRTEM研究

报道了大别山双河地区超高压榴辉岩和硬玉石英岩矿物超微构造及缺陷结构的高分辨透射电镜研究结果。在天然变形绿辉石晶内的自由位错、位错倾斜壁、位错环、位错网、亚晶界、堆垛层错等亚构造中 ,发现了纳米级水分子团 ,这种球形状水分子团包体的存在是导致绿辉石晶体水解弱化和塑性变形的重要因素。在榴辉岩矿物中广泛发育的层错、(10 0 )变形双晶、晶畴结构、界面与晶面的交叉滑移、晶格畸变等变形构造及缺陷结构 ,指示超高压岩石经历了快速折返。在硬玉单晶大约 5 0 0nm的微晶畴内 ,发现了C2 /c和P2 1/n两种结构 ,C2 /c结构的晶体学参数对应于硬玉 ,而P2 1/n结构的晶体学参数对应于绿辉石 ,纳米级P2 1/n出溶结构的存在 ,表明在退变质过程中 ,硬玉在纳米尺度上部分转变为绿辉石 ,并且未能达到平衡。也说明在主体岩石的抬升过程中 ,硬玉晶体伴随有复杂的非平衡退变质作用。对于大别山超高压变质岩的p T轨迹描述及其构造解释具有重要意义。     

大别高压和超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的透射电镜研究

近年来有关大别山超高压变质岩的研究取得了重要进展。但对榴辉岩的显微和超微构造的研究仍然不足。榴辉岩主要由石榴石和绿辉石组成,其中石榴石基本上相当于刚性体,除非在很高温条件下石榴石才发生韧性变形［１～４］。因此,笔者对高压和超高压榴辉岩中的绿辉石进行了...     

西藏罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形显微构造特征及其地质意义

地幔橄榄岩是罗布莎蛇绿岩的主要组成成分之一,通过显微构造特征可对其变形特征进行分析,确定流变学参数,探讨地幔橄榄岩的变形历史。以蛇纹石化程度较低的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为研究对象,橄榄石位错特征研究显示,本区橄榄石主要发育了低温常见的直线型自由位错,局部可见位错弓弯、位错环、位错壁等高温位错,反映罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形以低温塑性流变为主,局部经历了高温塑性流变,主导变形机制为位错蠕变。橄榄石自由位错统计结果表明,二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石自由位错密度为4.422×107/cm2,方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石为9.137×107/cm2,变形过程中所受差异应力分别为65MPa和93MPa。橄榄石和斜方辉石显微组构测量采用了电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),分析结果表明,橄榄石均发育A型组构,为浅部地幔常见的组构类型,该结果与金刚石、柯石英等超高压矿物所指示的形成深度不一致。     

大别山硬玉石英岩中发现α-PbO2型TiO2超高压相

大陆深俯冲深度对于了解大陆碰撞造山带中超高压变质岩的折返动力学具有重要意义.2005年笔者在中国大别山石马地区含柯石英榴辉岩绿辉石中发现了α-PbO2型TiO2晶体,最近笔者用高分辨透射电子显微镜和能量散射X-射线谱仪测试技术在中国大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩硬玉中鉴别出纳米级α-PbO2型结构的TiO2天然超高压相.α-PbO2型TiO2晶体的保存,为超高压变质作用(6~7GPa,730~870°C)提供了新的证据,同时指示陆壳物质的俯冲深度大于170~200km,也指示了俯冲陆壳到地表的抬升,虽然其速率还不能确定,但可能是相当快速的.     

Fabric and Deformation of Omphacite in Dabie Ultra-high-pressure Ecologites

The rheological characters of omphacites in Dabie ultra-high-pressure eclogite have been studied interms of fabric, dislocation and micro-structures. 1. The eclogite has undergone high-temperature deformation, thus forming omphacite lattice preferred orientation. In addition to creep dislocation, the omphacite ductile deformation may have other mechanisms, such as diffusion creep and grain boundary migration. 2. The main-phase deformation of eclogite is coaxial, but asymmetry strain also exists due to strain partitioning in the Dabie erogenic belt. 3.The twin measured by the universal stage is (100), indicating that omphacite high-T deformation was superimposed by low-T deformation. 4. Subgrain structure is common in omphacite, but the deformation features of the omphacites in the Shuanghe area and Bixiling area are different, the latter being dominated by dynamic recrystallization. 5. The Flinn plots show that the strain of omphacite belongs to the constriction ellipsoid and stretching strain, which is     

Microfabric characteristics and rheological significance of ultra-high-pressure metamorphosed jadeite-quartzite and eclogite from Shuanghe, Dabie Mountains, China

Quantitative analysis of the structural evolution of jadeite‐quartzite, a rare ultra‐high pressure (UHP) rock type from the Dabie Mountains of eastern China, sheds light on the formation and evolution of UHP orogenic belts worldwide. Geological mapping of the Shuanghe area, where jadeite‐quartzites crop out, was carried out to determine the spatial relationships between different UHP rocks within this orogen. The deformation mechanisms of jadeite‐quartzite, geodynamical parameters (stress, strain, strain rate), and microstructure including lattice preferred orientation (LPO) were determined from six jadeite‐quartzite samples from the Shuanghe area. LPOs of clinopyroxene (jadeite and omphacite), garnet, rutile and quartz from these jadeite‐quartzite samples are compared with those of three eclogites preserving different degrees of deformation from the Shuanghe area. Microstructural LPOs of jadeite, omphacite, garnet, rutile and quartz were determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Quartz fabrics were largely recrystallized during late, low‐grade stages of deformation, whereas garnet shows no strong LPO patterns. Rutile fabrics show a weak LS fabric along [001]. Jadeite and omphacite show the strongest eclogite facies LPO patterns, suggesting that they may provide important information about mantle deformation patterns and control the rheology of deeply subducted continental crust. Microstructural data show that the jadeite LPO patterns are similar to those of omphacite and vary between L‐ and S‐types, which correlate with prolate and oblate grain shape fabrics (SPO); quartz LPOs are monoclinic. Microstructural analysis using TEM shows that the dominant slip systems of jadeite in one sample are (100)[001], (110)[001] and (1 1 0)1/2[110], while in another sample, no dislocations are observed. Abundant dislocations in quartz were accommodated by the dominant slip system (0001)[110], indicating basal glide and represents regional shearing during the exhumation process. This suggests that dislocation creep is the dominant fundamental deformation mechanism in jadeite under UHP conditions. The protoliths of jadeite‐quartzite, metasedimentary rocks from the northern passive continental margin of the Yangtze craton, experienced the same deep subduction and were deformed under similar rheological conditions as other UHP eclogite, marble and paragneiss. Experimental UHP deformation of quartzo‐feldspathic gneiss with a chemical composition similar to the bulk continental crust has shown that the formation of a jadeite–stishovite rock is associated with a density increase of the host rock similar to the eclogite conversion from basaltic protoliths. The resulting rock can be denser than the surrounding mantle pyrolite up to depths of 660 km (24 GPa). Thus, processes of deep continental subduction may be better‐understood through understanding the rheology and mechanical behaviour of jadeite. Jadeite‐quartzites such as those from the Shuanghe may be exhumed remnants of deeply‐subducted slabs of continental crust, other parts of which subducted past the ‘depth of no return’, and remain in the deep mantle.     

Role of Water in Deformed Omphacite in UHP Eclogite from the Dabie Mountains, Eastern China

Omphacite grains from UHP eclogite of the Dabie Mountains in eastern China are elongated and show strong lattice preferred orientations (LPOs). Observations by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified not only structures of plastic deformation occurring as free dislocation, dislocation loops and dislocation walls, but also bubbles of water present in the deformed omphacite. The bubbles attach to the dislocation loops which are often connected to one another via a common bubble. Using infrared spectroscopy (IR), two types of hydrous components are identified as hydroxyl and free-water in the omphacite. An analysis of deformation mechanism of microstructure in omphacite suggests that the mineral deformed plastically under UHP metamorphic conditions by dislocation creep through hydrolitic weakening.     

Experimental Investigation of Eclogite Rheology and Its Fabrics at High Temperature and Pressure

Eclogite plays an important role in mantle convection and geodynamics in subduction zones. An improved understanding of processes in the deeper levels of subduction zones and collision belts requires information on eclogite rheology. However, the deformation processes and associated fabrics in eclogite are not well understood. Incompatible views of deformation mechanism have been proposed for both garnet and omphacite. We present here deformation behaviour of eclogite at temperatures of 1027–1427 °C, confining pressures of 2.5–3.5 GPa, and strain rates of 1 × 10^?5 s^?1 to 5 × 10^?4 s^?1. We obtained a power‐law creep for the high temperature and pressure deformation of a ‘dry’ eclogite (50 vol.% garnet, 40% omphacite and 10% quartz) with A = 10^{3.3 ± 1.0}, n = 3.5 ± 0.4, ΔE =403 ± 30 KJ mol^?1 and ΔV = 27.2 cm³ mol^?1. The two principal minerals of eclogite have greatly different strengths. Progressive increase of garnet results in a smooth increase in strength. Analysis by electron back‐scattered diffraction shows that: (1) garnet displays pole figures with near random distributions of misorientation angle under both dry and wet conditions; (2) omphacite shows pronounced lattice preferred orientations (LPOs), suggesting a dominant dislocation creep mechanism. Further investigation into the water effects on eclogite show: (3) water content does not influence the style of omphacite fabric but increases slightly the fabric strength; (4) grain boundary processes dominate the deformation of garnet under high water fugacity or high shear‐strain conditions, yielding a random LPO similar to that of non‐deforming garnet, despite the strong shape preferred orientation (SPO) observed. {110} [001] slip may dominate the deformation of rutile. Quartz displays complicated and inconsistent LPOs in eclogite. These results are remarkably similar to observations from deformed eclogites in nature.     

Variation of mineral composition,fabric and oxygen fugacity from massive to foliated eclogites during exhumation of subducted ocean crust in the North Qilian suture zone,NW China

Eclogites from the North Qilian suture zone are high‐pressure low‐temperature metamorphic rocks of ocean crust protolith, and occur in both massive and foliated varieties as individual blocks of tens to hundreds of metres in size. The massive type is weakly deformed and shows granoblastic texture characterized by a coarse‐grained peak mineral assemblage of Grt¹ + Omp¹ + Ph + Rt ± Lws (or retrograde Cz). In contrast, the foliated type is strongly deformed and shows a fine‐grained retrograde mineral assemblage of Grt² + Omp² + Cz + Gln + Ph. Both total FeO and aegirine contents in omphacite, as well as X_Fe[=Fe³⁺/(Fe³⁺ + Al^VI)] in clinozoisite/epidote, increase significantly from massive to foliated eclogites. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of omphacite, determined by electron back‐scatter diffraction analysis, is characterized by weak and strong SL‐type fabrics for massive and foliated eclogites, respectively. Clinozoisite/epidote also developed SL‐type fabric, but different from the LPOs of omphacite in <010> and <001> axes, owing to their opposite crystallographic long and short axis definitions. The transition of deformation mechanism from dislocation creep to diffusive mass transfer (DMT) creep in omphacite and the concomitant retrograde metamorphism both are efficiently facilitated when the original coarse‐grained Omp¹ + Grt¹ + Lws assemblage is dynamically recrystallized and retrogressed into the fine‐grained Fe³⁺‐rich assemblage of Omp² + Grt² + Cz + Gln. The DMT process with concomitant anisotropic growth assisted by fluids is considered to be an important deformation mechanism for most minerals in the foliated eclogite. P–T estimates yielded 2.3–2.6 GPa and 485?510 °C for the massive eclogite and 1.8–2.2 GPa and 450?480 °C for the foliated eclogite. The significant increase in total Fe and Fe³⁺ contents in omphacite and clinozoisite/epidote from massive to foliated eclogite suggests changes in mineral compositions accompanied by an increase in oxygen fugacity during ductile deformation associated with exhumation. The LPO transition of omphacite, clinozoisite and rutile from weak SL‐type in massive eclogites to strong SL‐type in foliated eclogites is interpreted to represent the increment of shear strain during exhumation along the ‘subduction channel’.     

超高压变质岩的塑性流变：显微构造和变形机制

超高压变质岩是大陆深俯冲作用的产物。超高压变质岩在深俯冲和快速折返过程中,经历了长距离地构造搬运和构造力的作用。其构造变形主要集中在韧性剪切带中,并发生强烈地塑性流变。研究超高压变质构造岩的显微构造及其变形机制对于深入了解大陆壳岩石在深俯冲过程中的流变学行为有十分重要的意义,山东仰口的超高压韧性剪切带中榴辉岩质和花岗质糜棱岩记录了超高压变形的历史。在超高压条件下的稳定矿物绿辉石、多硅白云母、兰晶石和钾长石具有不规则波状消光、亚晶界、核幔构造和动态重结晶等显微构造特征,TEM 研究揭示了大量的位错构造,表明位错蠕变是其主要的变形机制。在花岗质糜棱岩中,金红石在刚性矿物的压力影中沉积,细粒的石榴石条带平行片理延伸,都说明超高压变形过程中有流体存在,流体助力的物质扩散迁移是又一个重要的变形机制。依据现有的流变学定律估算的流变应力应该在几十兆帕以上。     

变质构造岩类型及其特征

变质构造岩是由变质变形作用形成的一种特殊类型岩石,形成于地壳不同构造层次上的韧性变形带中,具有明确的构造成因的含义。依据变形机制、组构、同构造新生矿物组合,以及形成环境,将韧性剪切带中变质构造岩分为构造片麻岩系列、构造片岩系列和糜棱岩系列。构造片麻岩系列形成于地壳深部构造层次上,以颗粒流动和扩散蠕变变形机制为主,宏观上表现为条纹和条带状构造,微观上为三边平衡结构。构造片岩系列形成于地壳中浅部构造层次上,以位错蠕变和新矿物化作用为主,由同构造新生片状矿物和基质组成。糜棱岩系列主要以位错蠕变变形机制为主,动力重结晶现象普遍,由残斑和基质两个部分组成,粒度变细,S-L组构发育,形成于地壳中-中浅部层次。