广东南山花岗岩形成时代、地球化学特征与成因

广东南山花岗岩体位于陂头复式岩体西端,锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为158.1±1.8Ma,是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物。岩石化学特征显示岩体以高硅、富碱、贫Ca和Mg以及高TFeO/MgO、低CaO/Na2O为特征。其K2O/Na2O〉1,A/NK=7.8~11.92,A/CNK=1.33~1.68,属过铝质碱性岩石。在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富含稀土元素（除明显的负Eu异常,δEu=0.09~0.16）以及Zr、Y、Th、U、Nb等高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti等,高10000x Ga/Al（比值大于2.6）。在Zr、Nb、Ce、Y对10000×Ga/Al以及TFeO/MgO-SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同。这些特征均指示,南山岩体具有铝质A型花岗岩的特点。通过Y-Nb-3Ga和Y-Nb-Ce构造环境判别图解将其进一步划分为A2型花岗岩,代表其形成于拉张的构造背景之下。本文在此研究基础上,认为南山花岗质岩浆可能形成于相对挤压的中侏罗世。而在晚侏罗世早期相对拉张的作用下,岩石圈减薄,软流圈地幔上涌,地壳的泥质岩和少量砂质岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融后上侵形成铝质A型花岗岩,且有较强的结晶分异作用。     

昆明地区重力固体潮观测的初步结果

本文报道了昆明地区1975年4月12日至1979年2月28日的重力固体潮观测的结果几个主要日波（O1,K1）和半日波（M2,S2,N2）的振幅比例系数和位相差是: （O1）=1.1440.006 （O1）=——0.4度 （K1）=1.1170.003 （K1）=——0.2度（O1）——（K1）=0.027 （M2）=1.1350.002 （M2）=0.2度 （S2）=1.1360.005 （S2）=0.4度 （N2）=1.1500.014 （N2）=0.8度并给出振幅比例系数有可能随时间变化的例子。      

陆相热水沉积成因硅质岩与超大型锗矿床的成因—— 以临沧锗矿床为例

临沧锗矿床的硅质岩中存在大量的热水沉积构造和植物化石, 该硅质岩富SiO₂ , 低TiO ₂和Al₂O₃, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值平均为0.010, 明显富集Ge, Sb, As, W; 其次Cs, U, Mo和Tl有不同程度的富集, 稀土总量一般小于1 μg/g, 最大2.324 μg/g , 相对富集LREE; δ Eu为0.452 ~ 5.141, δ Ce为 0.997 ~ 1.174; 稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式呈平坦状或向左倾斜; 氧同位素组成与热泉硅华类似. 上述特征表明本区硅质岩属陆相热水沉积成因. 硅质岩作为中寨锗矿体的顶板或夹层, 在空间上与锗矿体紧密接触. 硅质岩中含锗5.6 ~ 360 μg/g, 平均78 μg/g. 靠近硅质岩的煤中锗含量明显升高. 随着煤中锗含量的不断升高, 含矿煤的特征微量元素比值及稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化分配模式与硅质岩越来越相似. 临沧锗矿床煤中锗可能主要由与煤层形成近同时的、以热水成因硅质岩为标志的热水活动带入.     

SQ-70B 型水平摆倾斜仪在山东泰安台的固体潮观测c

本文报道了山东省泰安地震台的高精度倾斜固体潮观测结果.所用仪器是 SQ-70B 型石英水平摆倾斜仪,使用格值可达0.0004/毫米.观测资料稳定可靠.本文还报道了依据1980年5月以来的资料所算得的泰安地区的因子及相位滞后 k,其中,东西分量的主要潮波结果如下:（M2）=0.6480.004（K2）=0.6320.019（O1）=0.6990.028（K1）=0.7400.029（M3）=0.7310.126k（M2）=-13.60.4K（K2）=-14.51.9K（O1）=-13.92.4k（K1）=-14.02.0k（M3）=11.59.9      

广西来宾中上二叠统硅质岩海底热液成因的地球化学证据

广西来宾中上二叠统（茅口组和吴家坪组）硅质岩可按岩性分为两类,第一类为钙质硅岩,主要发育在茅口组,第二类为硅岩,主要发育在吴家坪组.地球化学分析表明,这两类硅质岩具有极低的Al2O3与TiO2含量（分别为0～0.23%和0.001%～0.024%）和ΣREE（0.55～9.94ppm）,较高Fe2O3/TiO2比值（17～443,平均为111）,低Al2O3/（Al2O3＋Fe2O3）比值（0～0.26,平均为0.09）且Ce负异常（0.24～0.46,平均为0.35）显著,接近大洋中脊附近硅质岩的平均值0.29,而小于远洋盆地的平均值0.60,表明它们形成于远离陆源物质干扰而受热液作用影响的海盆环境,其硅质主要来源于海底热液.通过讨论本区的地层中硅质含量高低与海底热液活动强弱相应的对应关系,并结合Eu异常和ΣREE/Fe比值变化,认为本地区中晚二叠世可能一直存在着热液活动,且吴家坪期比茅口期更为强烈,并推测与峨眉山玄武岩喷发事件有成因联系.     

固体地球观向流体地球观的概念更新

长时间内人们把地球看成为一个固体星球,忽视流体在地球动力学中非常重要的作用.在本文中我们将列举一系列的资料来证明它.此流体由H\|A\|C\|O\|N\|S组成.H (氢, 卤素和热), A (碱金属, 例如 Na, K等.), C (碳), O (氧), N (氮), S (硫族).此流体从深部外地核H, H2流向上进入地幔演化为H\|HACONS, 向上到上地幔演化为A\|HACONS, 向上进入地壳后演化为O\|HACONS. 此流体可以使固体地幔,地壳发生弱化,变软,熔融和排气,结果造成地球动力学及大地构造运动和众多自然灾害.     

上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O时空变化特征

在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采用Tedlar气袋采集了“雪龙号”考察船航线上洋面大气样品以及东南极米洛半岛近地面大气样品（采样时间分别为地方时上午10：00和夜间22：00）,在室内通过带有全自动预GC浓缩接口（PreCon）的Thermo Finnigan MAT-253同位素质谱仪,对这些大气样品中N20的同位素组成进行了高精度地测量;并分析了其δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化规律．上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．21±0．50）‰和（44．52±0．52）‰．由30°N往南极随着纬度的变化,δ^15N（6．05‰～7．88‰）呈线性增加趋势,增加率为0．01‰/纬度,δ^18O（43．05‰～48．78‰）则呈现较大的波动;且δ^15N气温、N2O浓度呈负相关,而与δ^18O呈弱的正相关．东南极米洛半岛近地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O夏季变化趋势相一致,且二者呈显著正相关,而与N2O浓度呈显著负相关;不同地点大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．46±0.39）％。和（44．6±0．45）‰,略高于洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O;而显著高于北半球低纬度大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O值．分析讨论了引起地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化的主导因素．提供了全球大区域洋面大气N2O的同位素资料,有助于定量评估全球与区域大气N2O的净收支．     

内蒙古达里诺尔湖水体稳定同位素空间分布特征指示的区域补给差异

基于内蒙古寒旱区达里诺尔湖（简称"达里湖"）无河流外泄、冬季湖面冰封、水体流动缓慢等典型区域水文气象特征,对夏、冬季湖泊底层、表层水（冰）、入湖河水、浅层地下水（井水、泉水）等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素（δD、δ¹⁸O）值的变化进行对比分析,结果显示湖区不同水体δD和δ¹⁸O平均值均存在湖泊水体（水、冰体） > 大气降水 > 入湖河水 > 浅层地下水的变化特征.在达里湖,夏、冬季底层水δD、δ¹⁸O值均比表层水（含湖冰）中δD、δ¹⁸O值偏负且季节变化幅度较小.此外,冬季不同采样点底层水δD、δ¹⁸O平均值的区域差异性比夏季明显,这反映了湖泊底层水体相对封闭、稳定的储存环境,也说明地下水补给过程存在一定程度的区域差异.而基于不同区域底层水δD、δ¹⁸O值及氘盈余指数（d）值和水深变化间相互关系的分析,发现水深变化可能是影响达里湖底层水δD、δ¹⁸O值分布区域差异及补给过程的主要因素之一：东北部水体较浅（水深小于8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ¹⁸O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏负且d值偏正,指示浅层地下水输入及二次蒸发作用的影响;西南部水体较深（水深超过8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ¹⁸O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏正且d值偏负,说明水体相对稳定,受二次蒸发作用的影响较弱.     

北武夷地前寒武系变质岩地球化学特征

通过对北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩的岩石化学及微量元素等综合研究，从中元古代铁沙街岩组，周潭岩组到晚震旦世至早寒武世万源组，洪山组，外管坑组，SiO2,K2O,K2O/Na2O等具有宵渐增大的趋势，而TiO2,Al2O,FeO,MgO,Na2O及SiO2/AlO3则逐渐减小；∑LREE／∑HREE增加，而∑REE总体具减小趋势，Sc,Ba,Ba,Rb,Cu,Cr等微量元素含量增大，而Ni,Th,U,Ta,Nb,Ga,Zr,Hf,V,Za,Co等则减少。本文利用地球化学参数判别本区前寒武系岩石形成构造环境为被动大陆地边缘。     

哈尼泥炭δ^18O记录的过去14000年温度演变

在末次冰消期至全新世期间,格陵兰冰芯（GISP2）δ18O记录和北大西洋浮冰记录显示了一系列百年至千年尺度的突然变冷事件.但是这种反复出现的气温变冷模式在环大西洋以外区域,特别是在东亚区域是否也同时存出,还较少直接从温度代用记录方面进行系统研究.为此,从中国吉林省的哈尼泥炭中,提取了一个约14000年的泥炭纤维素δ18O温度代用记录.对比表明,哈尼泥炭纤维素δ18O温度记录几乎全部重现了由GISP2δ18O和浮冰记录所指示的突然的气温变冷事件,例如Older Dryas,Inter-Aller-d,Younger Dryas,以及9次浮冰事件,证明这种反复出现的气温变冷模式不仅出现在高纬度的北大西洋区域,同时也出现在中纬度的西北太平洋区域.此外,进一步论述了全新世的开始时间,大暖期、“8.2ka”事件、“4.2ka”事件、中世纪温暖期和小冰期等特征气候变化事件.同时根据泥炭沼泽生态环境的特征,还论述了哈尼泥炭纤维素δ18O对地表温度敏感响应及泥炭纤维素14C年龄准确性的原因.     

Continental hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock and genesis of superlarge germanium (Ge) deposit hosted in coal: A study from the Lincang Ge deposit,Yunnan, China

The study on marine hydrothermal sedimentationtends to be perfect at present, and a suit of hydrother-mal sedimentary distinguishing criterions (includingstructure, conformation, geochemistry, etc.) has beenfound[1—12]. While it is unsubstantial on the study ofhydrothermal sedimentation in continental deposi-tional environment, and little was known about therelation between continental hydrothermal sedimenta-tion and metal mineralization. The Lincang Ge deposit,hosted in coal with independent…     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学及构造背景分析

本文利用奥陶系米钵山组砂岩地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究,探讨贺兰山中、晚奥陶世的构造环境。贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的地球化学研究表明,砂岩的siO2平均含量为81．3％;A120。／Si02值0．07～0．11,平均值为0．08;K20／Na20值变化较大,最大60．7,一般介于4．79～7．81;Fe2O3＋MgO含量较低,介于2．1％～2．81％。砂岩微量元素Nb丰度及V／（V＋Ni）与Ce／La、Sr／Ba值均较高,说明砂岩沉积于湿热、还原、低盐度环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。砂岩稀土元素富集,含量在116×10^-6～195×10^-6之间,平均值为158×10～;8Eu为0．52～0．58,具显著的负铕异常。这些数据指示了米钵山组具有重力流快速堆积的特征和大量陆源补给,浊流沉积作用是重力流携带陆源物质的主要途径。通过多种构造环境判别图解分析,显示物源区地质构造具有被动大陆边缘性质。     

Zircon U–Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implication of the Tuotuohe Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

A large number of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline/alkali-rich igneous rocks were developed in the Tuotuohe region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we present zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope data,and major and trace element compositions of the Cenozoic alkaline rocks from the Tuotuohe region in order to constraint the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of Qiangtang Block.Zircon U-Pb ages were measured via LA-ICP-MS to be39.6,37.6 and 32.0 Ma.The 39.6 Ma trachyte was characterized by low SiO2 and high K2O and MgO contents.The 37.6 and 32.0 Ma orthophyres show enrichment in SiO2 and K2O,but deficient in MgO.All of the samples belong to the alkaline rocks.These rocks display enrichment in REE,LREE,and LILE,depletion in HFSE,and no obvious Eu anomalies.Geological and geochemical features suggest that there were two possible mechanisms for the origin of the alkaline rocks in the Tuotuohe region:(1)the removed mafic lower crust dropped into the asthenosphere,forming the mix magma(Nariniya trachyte);(2)the upwelling asthenosphere triggered the crustal melting(Nariniya and Zamaqu orthophyre).The Eocene-Oligocene alkaline rocks in the study and adjacent areas are likely to be the result of the same tectonic-magmatic event of deep lithospheric evolution that is the crustal material melting triggered by lithospheric delamination.This conclusion extends the influence scope of lithospheric delamination eastward to the Tuotuohe region(*92°E)from Banda Co(*82°E).     

Late Permian post‐ophiolitic trondhjemites from Central Iran: a mark of subduction role in growth of Paleozoic continental crust

Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO ₂ (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al ₂ O ₃ (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na ₂ O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K ₂ O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area.     

Gravity evidence for a mafic intrusion beneath a mineralized zone in the Bondy gneiss complex, Grenville Province, Quebec — Exploration implications

A ground gravity survey over the Bondy gneiss complex and its mineralized iron oxide- and copper-rich hydrothermal system(s) in the Grenville Province of SW Quebec was undertaken to aid mineral exploration in mapping subsurface intrusions. Several kilometric-scale positive Bouguer anomalies were identified that coincide with outcropping mafic and intermediate intrusive rocks of the post peak-metamorphic, 1.17-1.16 Ga mafic to intermediate Chevreuil suite intrusions and a 1.09-1.07 Ga Rolleau ultramafic stock. An additional 4 × 3 kilometre positive gravity anomaly indicates a mafic body underlies part of the metamorphosed hydrothermal system in the area of magnetite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite mineralization. Advanced argilic alteration associated with sulphide enrichment here is however indicative of an epithermal system with a felsic intrusion fluid source. As a felsic intrusion cannot explain the positive Bouguer gravity anomaly both felsic and mafic bodies must be present beneath the mineralized zone. Our preferred interpretation based on integrating gravity data and 2D forward gravity modelling with the results of field and geochemical studies is that this anomaly corresponds to a ca. 500 m deep mafic 1.17-1.16 Ga Chevreuil suite pluton that may have provided the source for hydrothermal fluids associated with late ductile shear- and fault-related mineralization or remobilization of early mineralization associated with a felsic pluton into late structures. This interpretation is compatible with gabbro xenoliths in the 1.07 Ga Rivard lamprophyre dyke on the NW margin of the gravity anomaly that bear significant similarities with those of the Chevreuil intrusive suite. The presence of both early felsic and late mafic intrusions beneath a group of three mineral occurrences in the Bondy gneiss complex strengthens their prospectivity in comparison to other mineral occurrences in the area. That early, pre-metamorphic mineralization was upgraded late in the tectonothermal evolution during a subsequent igneous and deformation event agrees with interpretations of other IOCG-style deposits in the Lac Manitou area of the eastern Grenville Province.     

西藏措勤县打加错地区硅质岩中首次发现晚三叠世放射虫化石及其意义

在西藏冈底斯山西部措勤县打加错地区新发现一套紫红色石英砂岩、钙质粉砂岩、生物碎屑微晶灰岩夹放射虫硅质岩的地层体,在硅质岩中首次发现了晚三叠世卡尼期—诺利期放射虫动物群Pseudostylosphaera sp.,Perispongidium cf.tethys De Wever.放射虫化石的发现对冈底斯山西部打加错地区地层的划分和地质构造发展演化史的研究具有重要意义.     

The Anomaly Field of Subsurface Fluids and Its Formation and Evolution Mechanism Before Three Strong Earthquakes in the Northern North China Area

The data of pre-seismic subsurface fluid anomalies of such earthquakes as Datong-YanggaoM_s6.1 event on Oct.19,1989,western Baotou M_s6.4 event on May 3,1996 and Zhangbei-Shangyi M_s6.2 event on Jan.10,1998 are systematically collected and arranged.Then thefeatures of patterns,spatial distribution,time variation and time-spatial evolution of theseanomalies are compared and comprehensively analyzed.Then the formation and evolutionmechanism of medium-and short-term anomaly field of subsurface fluids in the northernNorth China area is proposed.The results show that the medium-term anomaly field is causedby regional tectonic activities,which further strengthen the local tectonic activities andpromote the formation and evolution of the seismic source body.The enhancement of loealtectonic activities causes the formation of anomaly field of short-term subsurface fluids,andthe evolution of source body engenders the source-precursor anomalies of subsurface fluids inthe epicenters at imminent stage.     

Ultra-high pressure metamorphism of granitic gneiss in the Yinggelisayi area, Altun Mountains, NW China

With the discovery and further studies of high- pressure (HP) to ultra-high-pressure (UHP) eclogites and UHP garnet lherzolite in the Altun Mountains[19], it becomes interesting if the country rocks of these HP-UHP metamorphic rocks also underwent HP-UHP metamorphism, which will be crucial for understand-ing the relationship of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks and their country rocks, the mechanism of their forma-tion and uplifting and the existence of continental deep subduction in the are…     

Regional metallogenic structure based on aeromagnetic data in northern Chile

Chile is a very important country that forms part of the Andean metallogenic belts. The Atacama and Domeyko fault systems in northern Chile control the tectonic–magmatic activities that migrate eastward and the types of mineral resources. In this paper, we processed and interpreted aeromagnetic data from northern Chile using reduction to pole, upward field continuation, the second derivative calculation in the vertical direction, inclination angle calculation, and analytical signal amplitude analysis. We revealed the locations and planar distribution characteristics of the regional deep faults along the NNE and NS directions. Furthermore, we observed that the major reasons for the formation of the tectonic–magmatic rocks belts were the nearly parallel deep faults distributed from west to east and multiple magmatic activities along these faults. We ascertained the locations of volcanic mechanisms and the relationships between them using these regional deep faults. We deduced the spatial distributions of the basic–intermediate, basic, and acidic igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, and sedimentary sequences. We showed the linear positive magnetic anomalies and magnetic anomaly gradient zones by slowly varying the background, negative magnetic anomaly field, which indicated the presence of strong magmatic activities in these regional deep faults; it also revealed the favorable areas of copper and polymetallic mineralization. This study provides some basic information for further research on the geology, structural characteristics, and mineral resource prospecting in northern Chile.     

古水文地球化学形迹与地浸砂岩铀成矿的关系

本文以水成铀矿床、地质构造学、沉积学、古水文地质学、铀水文地球化学、同位素地质学等学科理论,从分析伊犁盆地南缘铀成矿大地构造背景人手,初步进行了盆地地质构造、地质演化、含矿岩系沉积特征、地下水中同位素（D、^18O、^3H、^234U／^238U、^230Th／^232Th等）和水文地球化学的研究,基本查明了伊犁盆地南缘区域地下水动力条件,研究了区域水文地球化学条件与铀成矿的关系,探讨古地下水演化与铀成矿作用的关系,为全盲型地浸砂岩铀成矿的水文地球化学及古水文地质预测研究提供理论基础。