河南新密溱水流域全新世人类文化演化的环境背景研究

溱水流域新石器至夏商时期人类文化发达,且持续发展,是中原地区乃至全国新石器至夏商时期人类文化最为发达的地区之一.本文在详细野外考察和多个地层剖面分析基础上,初步阐明了区域地貌特征及演化历史.对区域内的柿园仰韶遗址外的自然沉积剖面(34°29.409′N,113°36.933′E)进行了连续采样,并对样品进行了14C年代测定和粒度、磁化率、孢粉等古环境指标分析,结合考古遗存资料,探讨了区域全新世气候演变历史.在上述古环境研究基础上,分析了区域全新世环境与人类文化演化之间的关系.结果表明:流域在地形上,处于嵩山以东至黄淮平原以西的黄土丘陵台地地形区.溱水流域共发育了3级河流阶地:第三级阶地形成于晚更新世末期;第二级阶地形成于大致6000～4000cal.aB.P.时期,下游阶地形成时代较上游早;第一级阶地形成于历史时期晚期.溱水流域全新世早期(8500 ～ 7000cal.aB.P.)气候的暖湿程度与现在相当,仰韶文化时期(7000 ～5000cal.aB.P.)的气候是该地区全新世最为暖湿的时期,龙山文化时期(5000 ～ 4000cal.aB.P.)以来气候的暖湿程度呈波动下降,4000cal.aB.P.以后气候逐渐变干凉.整体上较为暖湿的气候是该地区全新世人类文化持续发展的有利条件.广阔平坦的多级黄土台地和第三级阶地以及广泛分布的黄土沉积物质为新石器以来逐渐发展的旱作农业提供了有利的地貌和土地资源条件.仰韶早期及之前的人类文化遗址分布在第三级阶地和地势更高的黄土台地之上;仰韶中期以后,由于区域人口的增加和农业的发展,人类聚落有向沿河阶地和下游地区发展的趋势.     

北京西山大石河山峡阶地发育特征

大石河山峡总体上阶地较发育,阶地类型以基座阶地为主。下游陈家台—红煤场一带1~4级阶地发育较全,上游至庄户台一带,阶地数量减少,仅见一级阶地。上游沉积物多为砾石,砂、粘土等含量较少;而至下游,沉积物中砂、粘土组分的含量增加。红煤厂四级阶地棕红色泥质含砾粉砂中获得ESR年龄567±56ka,显示大石河河谷在第四纪中更新世早期初始发育,由于新构造运动产生间歇性隆升,在高位宽谷之下发育4级阶地,形成了如今的地貌特征,对比得出大石河流域辛开口至龙门台一段(山区)平均比降为7.71‰,600ka以来,大石河流域山区隆升速率为0.96mm/a。     

兰州市城市供水现状评价及可持续发展对策研究

兰州市辖3县5区,总面积1.3万km2。位于陇西黄土高原西部,海拔1 500~3 500m,地势总体上表现为西南部高、东北部低。广覆黄土的低山丘陵及其夹峙的河谷平原,构成了本区的基本地貌景观。平原区生态地质环境较好,特别是河谷平原内的一、二级阶地,具有地形平坦、地势开阔的优越条件,是人类生产与生活最佳地段、也是人口相对密集的区域,如兰州黄河河谷平原、永登庄浪河谷平原、榆中盆地、秦王川盆地等。本文剖析,评价其供水现状,提供可持续发展的对策,具有重要意义。     

德兴铜矿区主要流域内环境介质中重金属含量特征与健康风险评价

德兴铜矿位于江西省东北部,是我国重要的有色金属生产基地,同时也导致发生了一些矿山环境问题。本文系统分析了矿区附近的大坞河、浮溪河和乐安河(德兴段)流域重金属在一级阶地(T1)和二级阶地(T2)环境介质(土壤-底泥-粮食-蔬菜)中的含量特征,并对土壤和农作物中重金属对成人和儿童的健康风险进行了评价,揭示矿业活动对周边环境和人体健康的影响。结果表明,三个流域土壤重金属平均含量均高于背景值,其中Cu累积最为明显,大坞河土壤样品中Cu超过国家Ⅱ级土壤标准的超标率达86.8%,而且Cu、As和Hg在大坞河T1上平均含量明显较T2上的高。与背景值相比,大坞河和浮溪河底泥重金属中Cu超过的倍数是最大的,土壤与底泥中Cu、As和Hg以及pH值呈现显著的正相关关系。研究区范围内稻米中超标严重的重金属元素主要有Cu、As和Pb,而稻米对Cd的富集系数明显高于其他重金属。小白菜重金属中Cd污染最为严重,超过国家蔬菜卫生标准的9~14倍,且富集系数在2~4。健康风险评价结果表明,土壤和农作物(稻米和小白菜)中重金属对人体的非致癌风险总和在5~13,为不可接受风险,而致癌风险在10-3水平,大于USEPA推荐的最大接受水平10-4,因此研究区居民有较大的致癌风险。不同流域健康风险在一级和二级阶地上的分布特征存在差异,大坞河和浮溪河非致癌和致癌风险T1上比在T2上大,但乐安河(德兴段)相反,因此在不同河流阶地上种植农作物也应有差别。     

介绍南京大学水文地质站

一、水文地质站的目的与任务本站位于长江下游南京市区一级阶地上。区域内无论是—级阶地,抑二级三级阶地,在岩性及地质结构上均存在很多共同之点,因而它们的水文地质条件也存在着某些相似。江淮丘陵区域一级阶地虽然大部分都巳开墾,然而此其面积更广大的二级三级阶地,由于缺乏水源,大部分为荒芜之地或旱作地,产量受到—定限制,所以目前随着人民公社化后,关于在新墾荒地上灌溉,及旱改水问题,均提出很多要求我们     

雅鲁藏布江中游及昌果沟遗址古环境分析

西藏拉萨昌果沟遗址位于雅鲁藏布江中游支流的阶地上,是重要的新石器时代遗址.为探讨昌果沟遗址附近的古环境,对遗址附近开展地貌调查,在遗址北面约1 km处选取1个全新世风成沉积剖面进行光释光测年和环境指标分析,在雅鲁藏布江中游选2个阶地剖面进行光释光测年分析;此外,还总结了雅鲁藏布江中游23个全新世古土壤/泥炭的测年数据,进行概率密度分析,试图揭示区域的环境演化特征.研究表明:全新世古土壤/泥炭年代的概率密度可以较好地反映区域气候变化,9.0~6.0 ka古土壤/泥炭发育在波动中增强,气候由冷干向暖湿转换;6.0~2.9 ka古土壤/泥炭发育最强,气候相对温干;2.9 ka后鲜有古土壤/泥炭发育,气候变得冷干,史前人类活动受限.4.5 ka之后雅鲁藏布江中游及其支流一级阶地的形成为新石器时期先民提供农业耕作的场所,古土壤的发育为农作物提供了丰富的营养.1.4~1.1 ka期间(吐蕃王朝时期)局部地区有古土壤发育,气候好转.     

青藏高原北部不同地区河流和湖岸阶地的演化特征

把青藏高原北部空白区已完成的1:25万区调成果报告中有关河流和湖岸地貌的剖面、实测数据提炼出来,将其位置点绘于同一张水系分布图上,然后根据不同位置、不同的剖面、不同的测试数据进行区域性对比研究,结果表明:①青藏高原北部昆仑山中部和东部地区,河谷、湖岸地貌都具有100 kaBP、10 kaBP、5～6 kaBP的阶地,这3个时期东西部河谷、湖岸地貌的形成具有同步性;②昆仑山中部地区具有70 kaBP的阶地,昆仑山东部地区具有50 kaBP的阶地,这2个时期昆仑山东西部河流、湖岸地貌的形成不具有同步性.对该地区河流、湖岸地貌成因分析后认为,除气候作用外,河流阶地、湖岸阶地对高原北部的隆升具有一定的指示作用,表现为从西向东抬升速率逐渐减小,总体上同一地方从老到新抬升速率逐渐增加.     

青藏高原北部不同地区河流和湖岸阶地的演化特征

把青藏高原北部空白区已完成的1∶25万区调成果报告中有关河流和湖岸地貌的剖面、实测数据提炼出来,将其位置点绘于同一张水系分布图上,然后根据不同位置、不同的剖面、不同的测试数据进行区域性对比研究,结果表明:①青藏高原北部昆仑山中部和东部地区,河谷、湖岸地貌都具有100kaBP、10kaBP、5～6kaBP的阶地,这3个时期东西部河谷、湖岸地貌的形成具有同步性;②昆仑山中部地区具有70kaBP的阶地,昆仑山东部地区具有50kaBP的阶地,这2个时期昆仑山东西部河流、湖岸地貌的形成不具有同步性。对该地区河流、湖岸地貌成因分析后认为,除气候作用外,河流阶地、湖岸阶地对高原北部的隆升具有一定的指示作用,表现为从西向东抬升速率逐渐减小,总体上同一地方从老到新抬升速率逐渐增加。     

青藏高原北部不同地区河流和湖岸阶地的演化特征

把青藏高原北部空白区已完成的1:25万区调成果报告中有关河流和湖岸地貌的剖面、实测数据提炼出来,将其位置点绘于同一张水系分布图上,然后根据不同位置、不同的剖面、不同的测试数据进行区域性对比研究,结果表明:①青藏高原北部昆仑山中部和东部地区,河谷、湖岸地貌都具有100 kaBP、10 kaBP、5～6 kaBP的阶地,这3个时期东西部河谷、湖岸地貌的形成具有同步性;②昆仑山中部地区具有70 kaBP的阶地,昆仑山东部地区具有50 kaBP的阶地,这2个时期昆仑山东西部河流、湖岸地貌的形成不具有同步性.对该地区河流、湖岸地貌成因分析后认为,除气候作用外,河流阶地、湖岸阶地对高原北部的隆升具有一定的指示作用,表现为从西向东抬升速率逐渐减小,总体上同一地方从老到新抬升速率逐渐增加.     

依据孢粉记录初探青海湟水流域二级阶地的成因

青藏高原边缘河流阶地的成因一直是研究的热点。对湟水流域二级阶地形成时的孢粉分析结果表明:该时期湟水流域存在明显的垂直植被带且结构简单,山地高处生长着以云杉为主的森林,谷地则生长以蒿属、藜科为主要类型的草本植被。同时结合该时期相邻地区的孢粉资料并和现代植被特征比较,湟水流域二级阶地的植被显示出冰期的植被特征,阶地冲积物也是在冰期堆积的,河流可能在间冰期下切。气候变化在阶地形成过程中可能有一定的作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of