氦与冕洞

本文介绍了红外氦He I 10830 A谱线、光谱单色像以及用光谱单色像观测到的冕洞的一些特性和工作进展状况。 提出了用“氦光谱单色像”做工作的理由。     

太阳D_2线光谱单色像的试观测

试观测表明,D_2光谱单色像能反映某些活动客体在色球下层的一些活动特征;照相方法时空分辨率低。 光谱单色像的辐射接收系统采用高集光效率的接收器件为宜。     

银盘径向丰度梯度及冷气体的演化

为了理解银盘的径向丰度梯度形成机制及冷气体演化,构建了银盘化学演化模型.模型中采用了与分子氢相关的恒星形成律,分开计算了分子氢和原子氢的质量面密度演化,并将模型预言和观测到的各物理量径向轮廓进行了比较.结果表明,模型预言对所采用的内落时标非常敏感,采用与分子氢相关的恒星形成律的模型能够较好地符合银盘基本的观测特征,尤其是能够自然地得到银盘的径向氧丰度梯度和冷气体的径向面密度轮廓.采用瞬时或非瞬时循环假设对冷气体的演化影响不大,在气体密度较低的情况下更是如此.     

2003年10月22日太阳活动区AR0484内日浪事件的研究

利用色球Hα、TRACE／WL、SOHO／EITEuV单色像观测资料及SOHO／MDI光球磁场观测资料，对2003年10月22日太阳活动区AR0484内发生的日浪事件进行了研究．发现：(1)在Ha线心观测上，日浪包含有亮、暗2个分量，这2个分量先后出现而且并不共空间．日浪的亮分量与UV和EUV波段上观测到的喷发具有较好的同时性和共空间性．(2)日浪喷发物质沿着EUV环运动。(3)在光球层，日浪足根处的黑子和磁场有明显的变化．这些观测结果支持日浪的磁重联模型。     

实时相关跟踪图像处理系统

文章介绍了怀柔太阳观测基地最近完成的一套实时高分辨太阳磁场观测系统。系统采用局部相关跟踪算法来提高磁场观测数据的空间分辨率，同时对相关跟踪算法的实现程序进行了优化以满足常规太阳磁场观测的要求。通过对试观测和常规观测数据的分析，我们发现：1）该系统能够大大提高单色像、磁场数据的对比度和空间分辨率；2）对相关跟踪算法的优化大大提高了系统的时间分辨率，系统可以投入常规观测使用。     

一个土墩日珥的D3线光谱分析Ⅰ-D3线特征及其计算

198 4年 5月 5日太阳东边缘土墩日珥的Hα单色像和D3线被观测到了。D3发射线由两部分组成 :主成分和致宽成分。本文利用双层模型方法对该土墩日珥的 1 7条D3发射线成功地进行了计算 ,给出了D3线的计算结果。计算结果表明 :日珥的D3发射线主要由热的多普勒致宽和微观湍流致宽所致 ,其它致宽机制的作用可以忽略     

日冕单色仪的一种设计方案

本文介绍了日全食观测用日冕单色仪的一种设计方案.该仪器可用来拍摄5303A和6374A的日冕单色像和测量日冕的线偏振。仪器采用双折射滤光器为单色器.在5303A和6374A处的透过带半宽分别为4A和3A。在滤光器设计中考虑了使用KDP晶体的可能t性.文章还估计了拍摄不同太阳半径上日冕所需的曝光时间.     

一个土墩日珥的D3线光谱分析：Ⅰ—D3线特征及其计算

１９８４年５月５日太阳东边缘土 墩日珥的Ｈα单色像和Ｄ３线被观测到了。Ｄ３发射线由两部分组成：主成分和致宽成分。本文利用双层模型方法对该土墩日珥的１７条Ｄ３发射线成功的进行了计算,给出了Ｄ３线的计算结果。计算结果表明：日珥的Ｄ３发射线主要由热的多普勒贡和微观湍流致宽所致,其它致宽机制的作用可忽略。     

南京大学太阳塔CCD成像光谱观测系统和初步观测结果

本文介绍南京大学太阳塔的ＣＣＤ成像光谱观测系统的结构，工作方式，给出了该系统的一些性能测试结果，作为应用该系统的实例，文中给出了根据该系统观测的二维光谱资料，经处理得到的一个Ｈａ耀斑在线心和不同偏带处单色像的变化过程，该耀斑的亮度场轮廓图和速度场轮廓图。     

不同谱线的太阳单色光观测

本文利用紫金山天文台光谱仪加配太阳像和底片同时移动的同步装置,在底片盒前加可以调节的狭缝,旋转光栅,扫描太阳单色像,得到氢 H_α(λ6563)、氢 H_σ(λ4202)、钠 D_2(λ5896)、氦 H_el(λ5876)(即D_线)、铁 FeⅠ(λ6302A)、钙 C_aⅡK(λ3934)等谱线以及连续光潜区的太阳单色像。从单色像照片上可以看出不同谱线单色像有明显的不同。     

Monochromatic images in stokes parameters and the structure of magnetic fields in sunspots

Taking into account magneto-optical effects, we have obtained numerical solutions of the transfer equations for the Stokes parameters, calculated the linearly polarized intensity (U) and constructed its monochromatic images of unipolar sunspots. By comparison with the observational material of the vector magnetograph of the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville (Alabama), we have found that the model of radial magnetic fields may give rise to U monochromatic images close to those observed. The same conclusion has been obtained previously by Landi Degl'Innocenti (1979), although his analysis was performed with the Milne-Eddington approximation instead of a detailed sunspot model. Moreover, we have shown that the model of spiral magnetic fields leads to results in contrast with observations.     

Monochromatic images of sunspots in linearly polarized radiation and the structure of their magnetic fields

When unipolar sunspots are observed in the linearly polarized radiation represented by the Stokes parametersQ andU of magneto-sensitive spectral lines, their images display a complicated and interesting configuration. This is caused by the magneto-optical effect and also is connected with the 3-D structure of spot magnetic fields. In the process of numerical simulation it is possible to infer the regularity of variation of the angle of inclination of magnetic lines of force with distance from the spot center.     

Total resonant absorption of acoustic oscillations in sunspots

The question of total resonant absorption of acoustic oscillations in sunspots is studied for cylindrical 1-D flux tubes that are stratified only in the radial direction and surrounded by a uniform, non-magnetic plasma. The numerical investigation of Goossens and Poedts (1992) in linear resistive MHD is taken further by increasing the strength of the azimuthal magnetic field in the equilibrium flux tubes. For relatively strong azimuthal magnetic fields, total absorption is found over a relatively wide range of spot radii.     

Penumbra filamentary structure as a purely higgs-field-induced phenomenon

Regarding areal-valued part of the U(1)-symmetric Higgs field, satisfactorily describing sunspots within an Abelian Higgs model, as being ofkink-type one demonstrates that the penumbra of a cylindrically-symmetric sunspot consists ofradial filaments whose number is twice of that representing magnetic flux quanta carried by the spot.     

Modelling surface magnetic field evolution on AB Doradûs due to diffusion and surface differential rotation

From Zeeman–Doppler images of the young, rapidly-rotating K0 dwarf AB Doradûs, we have created a potential approximation to the observed radial magnetic field and have evolved it over 30 d subject to the observed surface differential rotation , meridional flow and various diffusion rates. Assuming that the dark polar cap seen in Doppler images of this star is caused by the presence of a unipolar field, we have shown that the observed differential rotation will shear this field to produce the observed high-latitude band of unidirectional azimuthal field. By cross-correlating the evolved fields with the initial field each day we have followed the decay with time of the cross-correlation function. Over 30 d it decays by only 10 per cent. This contrasts with the results of Barnes et al. , who show that on this time-scale the spot distribution of He699 is uncorrelated. We propose that this is due to the effects of flux emergence changing the spot distributions.     

Naked sunspots

Naked sunspots are spots seen in Hα to be devoid of associated plage. In magnetograms and K-line little if any opposite polarity field is found, and in soft X-ray images a blank appears in the region of the spot. In almost all cases studied in which naked spots resulted the spot groups had emerged in unipolar regions of the same polarity as the naked spot. At least half of the naked spots are associated with coronal holes. The naked spots are long-lived and show rotation rates close to the Newton-Nunn curve. Most of the naked spots had bright rims in Hα, and the one spot observed to disappear left no trace in the background magnetic field. These spots may be a means by which separation of p from f magnetic polarity occurs.     

黑子磁流体静力学的一个模型

本文对Ｏｓｈｅｒｏｖｉｃｈ的黑子返回磁通量模型作了适当的修改，使用黑子中心作为边界条件，用五种观测结果，导出了理论模型所需的五个主要参量，用半经验方法求得了黑子静力学模型的磁场、压力和温度等物理量．将此模型应用于一个中等大小的圆形对称黑子，可得到一个特解，结果发现我们的模型既能满足黑子的磁性质，同时又能满足合理的热力学量分布．     

Solar cycle general magnetic fields of 1959–1974 and dynamical structure of the convection zone

The concept of the solar general magnetic field is extended from that of the polar fields to the concept of any axisymmetric fields of the whole Sun. The poloidal and toroidal general magnetic fields are defined and diagrams of their evolutionary patterns are drawn using the Mount Wilson magnetic synoptic chart data of Carrington rotation numbers from 1417 to 1620 covering approximately half of cycle 19 and cycle 20. After averaging over many rotations long-term regularities appear in the patterns. The diagrams of the patterns are compared with the Butterfly Diagram of sunspots of the same period. The diagram of the poloidal field shows that the Sun behaves like a magnetic quadrupole, each hemisphere having two branches of opposite polarities with mirror images on the other hemisphere. This was predicted by a solar cycle model driven by the dynamo action of the global convection by Yoshimura and could serve as a verification of the model. The diagram of the toriodal field is similar to the Butterfly Diagram of sunspots. The slight differences which do exist between the two diagrams seems to show that the fields responsible for the two may originate from different zones of the Sun. Common or different characteristics of the three diagrams are examined in terms of dynamical structure of the convection zone referring to the theoretical model of the solar cycle driven by the dynamo action of the global convection.     

黑子磁场的Stokes光谱反演技术

对太阳大气磁场的可靠测量有助于人们更好地理解太阳活动区内外的许多活动现象,如耀斑的触发和能量释放过程、黑子的形态和黑子大气的平衡、日珥的形成等.由于原子在磁场中的一些能级会产生分裂(Zeeman效应),使对应这些能级的谱线分裂成若干个具有不同偏振特性的分量,因此目前对黑子磁场的测量主要是通过偏振光,即Stokes参量I、Q、U、V的观测来实现的.该文主要介绍近30年来太阳黑子光谱反演的方法以及所取得的成就;同时也对光谱反演和滤光器型的望远镜矢量磁场的测量进行了简单的比较.