我国的海洋灾害及减灾防灾对策

我国沿海地区人口稠密,城市集中,是国内经济最发达地带,以占全国13.6％的国土面积,创造了占全国60％以上的社会财富,是创造国家财富的重要地区,对全国经济发展起着主导作用。但是,由于沿海地区处于海洋大陆的交汇地带,是海洋灾害袭击的前沿。因此,沿海地区一向是我国自然灾害最严重的地带,同时也是世界上最严重的灾害带之一。随着沿海经济的发展,海洋灾害造成的损失也势必日益严重。     

论海南省沿海工业与城镇布局

海南省孤悬南海,是全国海域面积最广、海洋优势最为明显的省区,如何安排其沿海地区工业与城镇布局,对全省经济发展和海洋优势的发挥至关重要。 1.沿海工业与城市的发展现状沿海地区是海南省工业和城镇最集中的区域,但其发展水平较低。目前,占全省土地总面积达74％的沿海地区,高度集中了全省工业总产值的90％以上和主要工业产品的绝大部分。然而1988年整个沿海地区的工业总产值仅为27.8亿元,比连云港(39.5)、湛江(44.4)等沿海中等城市的工业产值还     

沿海滩涂开发与环境保护的可持续发展

海洋拥有丰富的自然资源、优越的气候环境和便捷的国际通道,它为全世界也为我国沿海地区的发展提供了得天独厚的条件,使我国沿海地区一直成为社会经济最发达的区域。我国沿海地区承载人口近5亿,创造全国GDP的58％,其中的海洋产业是沿海乃至全国经济发展中最具活力的增长点。沿海滩涂作为海岸带的重要组成部分,地处海陆     

浙江省海洋旅游资源开发研究的若干建议

21世纪被称为海洋经济时代,人们越来越关注沿海地区的发展及其资源的合理利用程度.以浙江省为例,着重探讨了海洋旅游的不同类型与特点,海洋旅游资源的开发要点.在日本和浙江相近沿海地区资源的比较与研究基础之上,分析了沿海地区的旅游规划与发展所面临的问题以及挑战,论述了浙江沿海地区旅游资源的开发和管理的可持续发展模式,并对浙江海洋资源开发的多样化发展提出了若干具体的建议.     

我国海洋水库建设研究与思考

随着我国经济与人口重心向沿海地区的快速转移,水资源成为制约沿海地区经济发展的重要因素。为解决日益紧迫的淡水问题,我国采取包括海洋水库在内的诸多措施。文章简述海洋水库的概念与分类,回顾海洋水库的修建历程,并对海洋水库修建的关键性问题进行探讨。研究结果表明:综合对比地下水开采、内陆水库、海水淡化、污水回用、跨流域调水和海洋水库等水资源管理方式,加之考虑沿海地区水资源的分布特征,海洋水库在沿海地区具有良好的技术可行性、环境持续性以及明显的社会经济效益;海洋水库的建设有利于沿海水资源的充分利用,是解决沿海地区淡水危机的重要措施和实现"陆海统筹"的关键技术,有利于"山顶到海洋"全过程的监控、管理和开发;结合海洋水库的修建现状和发展趋势,提出海洋水库建设的思考与建议。     

21世纪沿海呼唤法定海域界线──沿海省份行政管理海域划界的法律原则和方法初探

随着我国经济的持续发展,海洋经济所占比例越来越高,沿海地区以15％的陆地面积,创造了60％的产值,养活了40％的人口。这表明海洋经济在我国国民经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,并且作用会越来越大。对世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋经济已经并将继续成为经济的增长点。海洋及海洋资源是沿海地区经济发展的物质基础和关键所在,各沿海省份都非常重视本地区海洋经济的发展和海洋资源的开发利用,纷纷自行划定“管理海域”,并制定本地区的海洋开发规划,使得沿海省份之间没有法定海域界线的潜在矛盾“浮出海面”,进行省际间海域划界成为当务之急…     

浙江省海洋经济发展的测度与评价

概述2010年浙江省海洋经济的发展情况,分析自2000年以来海洋经济发展历程,采用因子分析法建立对全国11个沿海地区海洋经济的测量模型,定量测度浙江省海洋经济建设水平及在全国沿海地区的地位。通过对比分析,得出浙江省海洋经济发展存在的问题,从实施区域联合发展、优化海洋产业结构、促进绿色海洋建设等角度提出加快发展浙江省海洋经济的建议。     

论海洋经济竞争力评价理论框架、影响因素

海洋经济已经成为沿海地区经济发展的重要组成部分,沿海地区在激烈的市场竞争中如何取得竞争优势,科学的理论指导思想,准确把握其构成因素和特征是沿海地区提升其海洋经济竞争力的先决条件。     

海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响

因气候变暖导致的海平面上升是全球面临的海洋问题。为加强海南岛的海洋防灾减灾工作,保障其沿海地区的生态环境和经济社会发展,文章在调查评估的基础上,分析海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:我国沿海海平面总体呈波动上升趋势,海南岛沿海海平面的上升速率居全国之首;海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响主要包括淹没滨海低地和减小旅游区沙滩面积,加重风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵和土壤盐渍化、洪涝的灾害程度以及影响海岸防护设施等方面;在海南岛沿海地区发展中,应充分考虑海平面上升的因素,加强灾害风险抵御能力建设、城市科学规划、海平面观测和监测以及受损岸线整治修复等工作。     

沿海地区多项举措引领海洋产业渡危机

国际金融危机对我国沿海地区海洋经济和产业冲击严重,沿海各地纷纷出台了一系列政策和措施。在总结2009年沿海地区出台的政策和措施的基础上,展望了2010年沿海地区海洋经济的发展趋势。     

Trends in the variation of the sea level in the lagoons of the Southeastern Baltic

This paper analyses the global tendency of the sea level rise (SLR) and its long term influence on the sea level upstream drainage cascade based on the example of the level’s variation in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea compared to the other lagoons and coastal regions of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. A steady positive trend in the water level variations was revealed; its magnitude varies significantly depending on the time period. In general, during the 100–150 year period, the rate of the SLR in the lagoons and coastal areas of the Baltic Sea (1.7–1.8 mm per year) is close to the SLR rate in the World Ocean. In the second half of the 20th century, the increased rate of the SLR in the lagoons and marine areas became stronger (up to 3.6 mm per year in the Vistula Lagoon and in 1959–2006 in the sea and exceeded the rate of global ocean SLR). It dramatically increased at the end of the last century both in the lagoons and in the sea (up to 10.0–15.0 mm per year). This is the response not only to the global climate warming but it is likely that it is also a response to the changes of the climate driving forces that influence the regimes of the local wind and precipitation in the catchment.     

Distribution of Pacific-origin water in the region of the Chukchi Plateau in the Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2003

1Introduction Besidestheprecipitationandriverdischarges,the watersinthePacificOceanandtheAtlanticOceanare thesourcesoftheArcticOceanwater.TheAtlantic waterenterstheArcticOceanviatheFramStraitand theBarentsSea.Foritsdenserfeatureduetohigh salinity,mostofitsinkstothenorthofSvaldbardand circulatesinallthedeepbasinsintheArcticOcean, formingthedeepandbottomwatersoftheArcticO- cean(Aagaardetal.,1985;Rudelsetal.,1999).The BeringStraitistheonlychannelforthePacificwater toflowintotheArcticOce…     

鄂霍茨克海北部沉积盆地的含油气层系

1 古新-下渐新统含油气层系 古新-始新统母岩形成于滨海和湖泊沉积环境中,并在大量冲积源的参与之下,促进了含分散有机质混合类型砂-黏土质陆源岩层的堆积。在中国东北诸盆地中,含工业油气的白垩-早第三纪建造形成于开阔的浅水和深水湖泊环境中。与中国的盆地类似,在下第三系下部     

Peculiarities in the distribution of hydrocarbons in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea

Data on the contents and compositions of the hydrocarbons (HCs)—aliphatic (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic (PAHs)—are provided in comparison with the contents of the total organic carbon (C_org), the lipids in the particulates, and the C_org in bottom sediments. Particular attention has been paid to the distribution of the HCs in the water area of the Kravtsov oil field. It has been established that the concentrations of AHCs in the water are governed by the content of particulates, and the elevated AHC concentrations are confined to the coastal areas. In the water area of platform D-6, the sandy bottom sediments were notable for the great variability of the HC concentrations, both laterally and from year to year. In the summer of 2010, the content of AHCs averaged 40 μg/g (19% in the C_org), and that of PAHs, 23 ng/g. Natural seepage from the sediment mass is considered to be a source of HCs along with oil contamination.     

Variations in the Kinematics of Deformation in the Vicinity of the Catastrophic Sumatra Earthquake

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The Great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (GASE) on December 26, 2004, with magnitude Mw of 9.2, occurred in the Indian Ocean near the northwestern...     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Causes of the bottom hypoxia in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland in the baltic sea

The data on the bottom concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland obtained in 1923–1939 and in 1962–1989 were analyzed. No statistically reliable differences were found between the two periods studied. It was found that, during the 20th century, the fluctuations in the oxygen concentration were caused by the interannual variability of the winter severity and water salinity. A strong oxygen deficit in the summer was recorded after cold winters, when early freezing suppressed the vertical mixing, and/or in the years of a significant inflow of salt waters from the Baltic Sea with low oxygen contents. It is likely that the long-term dynamics of the oxygen concentration near the bottom in the open parts of the bay is determined by the large-scale variability of the hydrometeorological parameters.     

Role of the small-size fraction of mesozooplankton in the pelagic community of the northeastern part of the Black Sea in the autumn

The role of the small-size (SF; 0.1–0.5 mm) and large-size (LF; 0.5–20.0 mm) fractions in the biomass and abundance of mesozooplankton (0.1–20.0 mm) was assessed using the database of samples obtained during the cruises of RV Akvanavt in the northeastern Black Sea in November 2000 and October 2006. The mesozooplankton was collected by means of Juday nets (37/50, filtering gauze 160 μm) and Niskin bottles in two areas: (1) the shelf and continental slope (30–1480 m depth) and (2) the deep sea (depths of more than 1500 m). The plankton net was considerably less effective in collecting the SF of the mesozooplankton (by a factor of 30–36) than the Niskin bottles. When comparing the SF and LF, we estimated the abundance and biomass of the SF in the samples obtained with the Niskin bottles. The abundance of the SF in the deep-sea area was 2.5 times lower compared to the shelf and continental slope, and the LF abundance was 5.0 times lower in the same way. The abundance of the SF constituted 88% of the total mesozooplankton on the shelf and continental slope, and 78% in the deep-sea area. The biomass of the SF was higher as well on the shelf and continental slope. Meroplankton played a significant role in the SF zooplankton abundance (0.5 × 10³ + 0.16 ind. m⁻³) in this area. The SF grazing impact was 10% of the total mesozooplankton grazing on the shelf and continental slope, and 17% in the deepsea area. Appendicularia and nauplii of copepods had the greatest contribution to the mesozooplankton grazing among the SF group.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution in Kenya

This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution on Kenya's marine and coastal environment. The prospect of chronic oil pollution along the Kenyan coastline and the port of Mombasa is discussed. A review of the vulnerable marine and coastal resources, commonly used indicators of effectiveness in oil pollution management and the legislation governing oil pollution is given. The author concludes by emphasising that despite having the right legislation in place, there is need for the establishment of criteria and indicators necessary for evaluation of policy effectiveness.