塔中地区志留系沥青砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

运用沉积学原理对塔中地区志留系经历复杂成岩演化的沥青砂岩进行研究分析,了解到该岩石主要经过压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用。其胶结物的主要类型有绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石、伊-蒙混层等粘土矿物以及碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石、黄铁矿等。孔隙类型以粒间孔隙、粒内孔、铸模孔、特大孔、裂缝孔隙等为主,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育,低地温梯度有利于在深层形成次生孔隙。志留系沥青砂岩储层物性受沉积和成岩双重因素的影响,成岩演化阶段处于晚成岩A期。根据影响储层物性的储层成岩作用,可将成岩相类型划分为不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相、压实-弱溶蚀成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相等几种主要类型,成岩相类型决定了储层性质,不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相和压实-弱溶蚀成岩相是本区较好的油气储层。     

西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化研究

使用西湖凹陷某构造的常规岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及储层物性分析资料,利用视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率等参数,定量研究了西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化序列及孔隙演化过程。研究结果表明: (1)研究区低渗储层孔隙类型以次生溶蚀孔隙为主,粒间溶蚀孔是最主要的次生孔隙类型。(2)机械压实作用是储层低渗的主要因素,导致原始孔隙度损失达65%,溶蚀作用产生的次生溶蚀孔隙一定程度上使储层物性变好。(3)研究区处于中成岩阶段A2期和中成岩阶段B期,成岩演化序列为: ①脆性颗粒破碎,塑性颗粒变形,局部绿泥石衬边胶结; ②部分长石及岩屑早期溶解,早期石英次生加大; ③碳酸盐胶结并交代石英、长石等,石英颗粒发生溶蚀作用; ④碳酸盐、长石、岩屑等矿物溶蚀形成次生孔隙,石英次生加大; ⑤晚期铁方解石少量胶结、交代。该研究成果可为西湖凹陷低渗气藏优质储层的预测与评价提供科学依据。     

文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩成岩特征与孔隙演化

基于薄片鉴定分析、扫描电镜、物性分析、X射线衍射分析、碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析等实验手段, 研究文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩储层岩石学特征和成岩作用特征, 通过定量化分析, 评价压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储层孔隙演化的影响, 实现成岩相预测及储层分类评价.结果表明:（1）研究区珠三南断裂带以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主, 中、粗砂岩含量高; 6号断裂带以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主, 细砂岩含量高.储集空间以次生溶孔为主, 物性变化大, 纵向及平面均表现出明显的分带性.（2）机械压实造成珠海组原生粒间孔隙大量丧失; 含铁碳酸盐、自生伊利石、硅质胶结等使粒间孔进一步减少, 早期绿泥石则能抑制石英次生加大; 溶蚀作用使深部储层物性得以改善, 研究区珠海组发育两个次生溶蚀带.成岩相预测结果表明, 发育厚层粗粒级砂岩的水下分流河道是研究区的有利储集相带.（3）通过孔隙演化定量分析, 认为成岩作用对粗粒砂岩和细-中粒砂岩的孔隙度演化的影响具有差异性.      

陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

庆阳地区长8油层为湖泊三角洲前缘沉积。水下分流河道和河口砂坝组成的指状砂坝控制了水下三角洲沉积格局。砂岩主要由细砂和少量中砂组成,砂岩类型主要为细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊-蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用,对石英和长石加大起到抑制作用。烃类注入时储层埋深已较大,不利于孔隙保存。储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔隙、特大孔隙、裂缝孔隙和微孔隙等多种孔隙类型,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育。局部发育的特大孔隙和伸长状孔隙表明该区发生了一定规模的次生溶蚀作用。长8油层主要受埋藏作用的影响,成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。主要成岩相类型为绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相,不同成岩相类型决定了油气储层性质不同,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相构成了本区最好的储层类型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长6油层组储集层成岩作用及其影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6油层组储集层是受沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制的典型低孔低渗储集层.长6油层组储集层主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩.盆地北部砂体具有长石含量高和石英含量低的特点,西南地区具有长石含量低、石英含量高和杂基含量高的特点.储集空间以剩余粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主.主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用...     

鄂尔多斯盆地彬长地区长6储层成岩作用及有利成岩相带

鄂尔多斯盆地彬长地区长6油层组发育与深湖相泥岩相伴生的细粒砂岩沉积,是致密油勘探的有利区域。根据岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定及各类分析测试资料,研究彬长地区长6油层组砂岩储层的孔隙类型及物性特征、成岩演化过程,建立成岩相分类方案,并通过成岩相带平面展布指出勘探有利区。结果表明,研究区长6储层成岩阶段主要处于晚成岩A-B期,压实作用造成原始孔隙大量损失,后期高岭石胶结作用使得渗透率进一步降低。早期绿泥石薄膜的发育可以使原生孔隙得到保存;后期长石、岩屑等不稳定组分发生的溶蚀作用,使孔隙再次分配,物性得到提高。根据成岩作用对物性的影响,划分出强压实成岩相、强溶蚀成岩相、弱溶蚀成岩相、强钙质胶结成岩相,以及微裂缝成岩相等5种成岩相带。优质储层与成岩相密切相关,强溶蚀成岩相的砂体物性、含油性最好,是研究区长6储集层油气最为富集的成岩相带。     

安塞油田长2油层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

安塞地区长2油层储层以中细粒长石砂岩为主，主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊一蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用。石英加大级别达Ⅲ级，加大边含有丰富的有机包体，均一温度范围48．1～76．5℃，烃类进入储层的时间为早白垩世中期至晚白垩世。储层发育多种孔隙类型，面孔率平均为11．60％．主要类型有粒间孔、骨架颗粒溶孔和微裂缝等。残余粒间孔和骨架颗粒溶孔是本区长2储层的主要孔隙类型。根据成岩作用的矿物岩石学标志、有机质成熟度及古温度，将长2油层砂岩的成岩作用划分为3个成岩阶段：早成岩阶段、晚成岩阶段和表生成岩阶段。储层性质明显地受到沉积微相和成岩作用的影响，沉积物粒度较粗、厚度较大的分流河道储集物性明显优于各种粒度较细、厚度较薄的分流间席状砂体。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山23段储层成岩演化及成岩相研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山_2~3段储层为例,利用测井资料,岩心资料和铸体(普通)薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射及压汞等实验,对储层基本特征、成岩作用特征、成岩相类型及平面展布特征进行研究。结果表明:储层岩石类型以石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主,成分成熟度较高,结构成熟度较低,物性低孔-特低渗。成岩作用以中等-强压实、中等-强胶结及强溶蚀为主,处于中成岩B期。依据成岩作用强度、典型自生矿物和孔隙类型,划分出4种成岩相。优势沉积微相与有利成岩相密切相关,分布于边滩或河道砂坝主砂带上的中等压实-石英弱加大-粒间孔-溶蚀相属最有利成岩相带,中等压实-中等-强伊利石、高岭石胶结-晶间孔-溶蚀孔相次之。     

陕北地区延长组长10_1储层成岩作用与成岩相

通过大量野外地质调查、钻井岩心观察和室内分析测试,对陕北地区长101储层的成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。结果表明,研究区长101储层处于中成岩A期阶段,压实作用与碳酸盐、粘土(高岭石、伊利石)矿物胶结、浊沸石胶结和硅质胶结作用是造成储层原生孔隙丧失的主要原因;绿泥石胶结抑制孔隙充填,长石、浊沸石矿物的溶蚀作用使孔隙间的连通性得到改善,储层物性得到提高。成岩相类型可划分为8种,优质储层与成岩相关系密切,其中压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、粘土矿物胶结相、石英加大相、浊沸石充填相不利于储层的发育,而长石溶蚀相、绿泥石膜胶结相、浊沸石溶蚀相对储层物性的改善具有重要作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部下二叠统山西组山2段成岩相划分及展布

鄂尔多斯盆地东部下二叠统山西组山2段岩石类型主要为石英砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,储集层经历了压实、压溶、硅质胶结、碳酸盐胶结交代、高岭石胶结、杂基蚀变以及溶蚀等多种成岩作用。在成岩作用研究的基础上,通过大量的岩心观察和薄片鉴定,结合阴极发光、探针分析等方法,将研究区划分出7种单因素成岩相,即：强压实、压溶-石英次生加大、蚀变高岭石、沉淀高岭石、杂基充填、碳酸盐胶结交代、不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相,在此基础上对其进行平面叠加,确定了利于储集层发育的优势成岩相。其中压溶-石英次生加大与杂基、假杂基溶蚀作用的综合作用（叠加和改造）决定了山西组山2段有利的成岩相带,在陕141井区、榆37井区、子洲-清涧地区山西组山2段形成了天然气优质储集层。     

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩成岩序列及孔隙演化特征

通过岩芯观察、镜下薄片、扫描电镜和X衍射分析等资料,对松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和成岩共生序列及孔隙演化特征进行了研究。结果表明：龙西地区泉四段主要为长石质岩屑砂岩,局部为岩屑质长石砂岩;经历的主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、自生石英胶结作用、自生黏土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、交代和溶蚀作用等;龙西地区泉四段砂岩为中成岩阶段A期,且细分为A1和A2亚期;随着成岩演化,压实和胶结作用使得原生孔隙减小,而溶蚀作用使得储层孔隙结构得到改善;孔隙类型由缩小粒间孔组成变为由缩小粒间孔和溶蚀粒间孔组合组成。     

苏德尔特油田低渗透凝灰质砂岩成岩作用及储层质量差异性演化

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷苏德尔特油田兴安岭油层为典型的富火山物质的低渗致密砂岩储层。利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、压汞测试分析等方法,对兴安岭油层储层成岩作用及其控制下的储层质量演化过程进行了系统研究。结果表明,储层目前主要处于中成岩A期,整体经历了压实作用-早期方解石胶结作用/方沸石胶结作用-方沸石溶解/长石溶解作用/高岭石胶结作用/硅质胶结作用-晚期方解石胶结作用。兴安岭油层储层可以划分出强压实成岩相（I）、弱压实-方解石中强胶结成岩相（II）、中等压实-方沸石/长石强溶解成岩相（III）、中等压实-方沸石/长石中强溶解-高岭石强烈充填成岩相（IV）4种类型的成岩相。压实作用和早期方解石胶结作用导致储层孔隙度和渗透率降低,方沸石和长石的溶解作用有效提高储层孔隙度和渗透率,高岭石的沉淀作用导致储层渗透率大大降低。成岩相I和成岩相II储层质量最差,孔隙度和渗透率均较低,为典型的特低孔特低渗致密储层;成岩相III储层质量最好,具有较高的孔隙度和渗透率,为中孔-中低渗储层;成岩相IV储层质量中等,具有较高的孔隙度,但渗透率较低,为中孔（特）低渗储层。     

车镇北带古近系砂砾岩储层成岩作用特征及其对物性的影响

综合利用岩芯资料、铸体薄片、物性资料及相关分析测试资料,对车镇北带砂砾岩成岩作用特征及其对储层物性的影响进行了研究。研究表明:工区砂砾岩储层成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、灰泥重结晶作用和交代作用;成岩环境经历了中性/弱碱性→酸性→碱性→酸性→碱性的变化,相应的成岩作用序列为:压实作用→长石溶蚀/早期石英加大→碳酸盐胶结/石英溶蚀→长石溶蚀/碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀/晚期石英加大→黄铁矿胶结;区内砂砾岩储集物性较差,储集空间以次生孔缝为主;不同亚相岩相和成岩作用的差异使其储集物性有所不同,扇根主要发育颗粒支撑和杂基支撑砾岩,成岩作用以压实和灰泥重结晶为主,物性较差,发育无效储层;扇中亚相溶蚀作用较为发育,储集物性得到很好地改善,有效储层比例较高;扇缘亚相以胶结作用为主,使物性变差,局部溶蚀作用发育,可成为有效储层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地彭滩-杨井地区长2储层的成岩作用

彭滩-杨井地区长2主力层砂岩岩石学、成岩作用、孔隙类型研究表明：该区长2储层岩石类型以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,成分和结构成熟度均较低,主要经历的成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶解作用。根据砂岩成岩作用特征,结合其埋藏深度、岩石古地温、有机质成熟度等分析资料及岩石结构、孔隙类型特征,长2主力层主要处于晚成岩A期成岩阶段。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块延长组长81储层成岩作用特征及其对储集物性的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长81储层具有成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等到好的特点,岩性以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主.长81砂岩属于特低孔特低渗储层,以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主要储集空间.目前储层正处于中成岩阶段A期,主要发育压实、胶结、溶解和交代4种成岩作用类型.机械压实作用是造成长81储层埋深小于2000 m砂岩...     

Diagenesis in the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation sandstones in the Shoushan Basin,northern Western Desert,Egypt

The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diagenetic evolution vis-a-vis reservoir characteristics of Dhosa sandstones,Ler dome,Kachchh, western India

The detrital mineralogy as well as diagenetic characters of the Dhosa Sandstone Member of Chari Formation exposed at the Lerdome, south of Bhuj was studied. In order to assess the potential of the Dhosa Sandstone as a reservoir, it is substantial to understand the diagenetic processes that are controlled largely by post-depositional cementation and compaction in addition to framework composition and original depositional textures. The petrologic analysis of 33 thin sections was carried out to discern primary composition and diagenetic features including primary and secondary porosity patterns. Monocrystalline quartz dominates the detrital mineralogy followed by polycrystalline quartz. Among the polycrystalline variety recrystallized metamorphic quartz surpasses stretched metamorphic quartz in terms of abundance. Feldspars comprise microcline and plagioclase where the former is dominant over the latter. Orthoclase too comprises a very small percentage. Mica, chert, rock fragments, and heavies form the remaining detrital constituent in descending order of their constituent percentage. The diagenetic precipitates are mainly carbonate (8.30%) and iron (7.80%) followed by clay (0.66%) and silica (0.88%) that are minor constituent of the total cementing material. The main paragenetic events identified are early cementation, mechanical compaction, late cementation, dissolution, and authigenesis of clays. The overall reservoir quality seems to be controlled by compaction and authigenic carbonate cementation. The minus cement porosity average 29.4%. The porosity loss due to compaction is 21.92% and by cementation is 29.71%. The loss of original porosity was due to early cementation followed by moderate mechanical compaction during shallow burial. Preservation of available miniscule primary porosity was ascribed to dissolution of carbonates and quartz overgrowth which resisted chemical compaction during deep burial. The studied sandstones may have low reservoir quality owing to existing porosity of less than 9%. More carbonate dissolution and its transformation in dolomite in sub-surface condition and macro-fracture porosity may result in enhanced secondary porosity and good diagenetic traps.     

成岩作用对河流-三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响--以延长油区上三叠统延长组长2砂岩为例

延长油区上三叠统长 2地层河流相-三角洲相砂岩储层的物性明显受埋藏-成岩作用事件的影响。埋藏压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙丧失的主要原因,造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 17.8%。其中黑云母的早期成岩蚀变是造成原生孔隙丧失的一个重要原因。胶结作用造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 7.1%。其中碳酸盐胶结物和次生石英加大是造成砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物。碎屑颗粒周围绿泥石薄膜的存在阻止了一部分石英次生加大及碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀,使一部分原生粒间孔隙得以保存。晚期成岩阶段有机质分解形成的酸性流体及表生成岩作用阶段的大气降水是形成次生孔隙的主要原因,从而使长 2砂岩的物性得到改善     

开江-梁平地区上二叠统长兴组储层岩石学特征

以露头剖面测量、单井岩芯观察和室内薄片鉴定为依据,结合不同结构和成因类型白云岩(或白云石)的n(Mg)/n(Ca)比值,有序度和C、O、Sr同位素特征,对开江-梁平地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙发育和演化规律进行了综合研究,确定研究区对储层破坏最大的成岩作用是胶结、压实-压溶、新生变形和次生矿物的充填等作用,而对储层贡献最大的建设性成岩作用主要为埋藏白云岩化、重结晶、溶蚀和破裂等作用,有效地改善了储层的孔渗性,形成以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间溶孔、超大溶孔、溶洞和溶裂缝等多种次生孔隙类型组合的礁、滩相储层基本特征。在再造成岩序列和恢复孔隙演化历史的基础上,对储层发育与孔隙演化的关系可得出如下几点结论:①有利的礁、滩相带决定了储层发育的位置和空间展布规律;②礁、滩复合体的多期次埋藏白云岩化是形成储层的基础;③破裂作用和溶蚀作用是改造储层和提高储层质量的关键。     

Classification and Diagenetic Characteristics of the Cretaceous Sandstones in the Southern Bredasdorp Basin,Offshore South Africa

A systematic petrographic and geochemical studies of 92 representative sandstone samples from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1 and E-D3 in the southern part of the Bredasdorp Basin was undertaken to classify the sandstones as well as unravel the main diagenetic processes and their time relations. Petrographic study shows that the sandstones are largely subarkosic arenite and arkosic litharenite, which have underwent series of diagenetic processes as a result burial, rifting and subsequent uplift. The main diagenetic processes that have affected the reservoir properties of the sandstones are cementation by authigenic clay, carbonate and silica, growth of authigenic glauconite, dissolution of minerals and load compaction. The major diagenetic processes reducing the porosity are calcite cementation in the subarkosic arenite, and compaction and quartz cementation in arkosic litharenite. On the other hand, the formation of secondary porosity due to the partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement, feldspars and minor grain fracturing has improved the reservoir property of the sandstone to some extent. The clay minerals in the sandstones commonly acts as pore choking cement, which reduces porosity. In general, there is no particular diagenetic process that exclusively controls the type or form of porosity evolution in the sandstones.