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气象数据上行传输是各类气象业务和服务正常开展的基础。针对气象通信系统切换至CTS以后,台站实时获取上行气象数据传输状况的业务需求,在分析气象数据上行传输流程的基础上,提出了台站上行气象数据传输监控平台的建设思路,设计了平台总体结构,传输日志同步策略和数据个性化显示方案,采用MVC框架、Quartz调度器和jQuery Grid Plugin等技术对平台进行了实现。该平台面向台站用户具有提供上行气象数据传输状态实时监控、传输状态统计和错报查询功能;作为县级综合观测业务集成平台的一个模块投入业务使用,为提高上行气象数据传输质量提供平台支撑。 相似文献
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以全国综合气象信息共享平台(China Integrated Meteorological Information Service System,简称CIMISS)内气象资料为数据源,设计一个气象综合观测自动化监控报警系统,实时监控观测数据的传输情况,同时通过收集历年来各地区观测到的历史极值、故障和数据异常情况,建立要素阈值算法判断气象观测数据是否异常,并将异常告警信息分别推送至电脑端和手机微信端,方便气象工作人员查看,及时进行故障处理。该系统集多个监控平台为一体,对气象观测数据监控和告警效果良好,大大提高台站维护维修工作效率,进一步提升了气象装备保障能力,对推进气象现代化、智能化、自动化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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气象通信系统发展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
气象通信系统是支撑气象业务和大气科学研究的数据收集和传输平台。在经历了从手工到自动,从点对点的数据传输到网络通信和数据广播的发展后,我国气象通信系统已成为由国际气象通信系统、国内气象通信系统组成,覆盖各级气象部门及部门外相关业务和科研用户,具备全球及国内各类观测资料和预报预测产品收集、分发、交换控制及传输监视能力的数据传输平台。作者回顾了气象通信发展历程,分析了气象通信系统的技术和业务现状,对气象通信的未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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为收集管理应用新型地基遥感设备观测的海量、多源、实时数据,中国气象局气象探测中心设计并搭建了超大城市观测数据系统平台。系统基于主流Web开发技术和分布式列存储集群方式MySql数据库,具备数据实时传输、监控、存储、分析、显示和共享等功能,实现了新型地基遥感观测数据管理规范化、产品服务多样化、资料共享便捷化。该系统平台既提高了新型地基遥感设备数据的支撑保障能力,同时分钟级廓线数据产品满足了短临天气预报对实时数据的高时效需求。目前,平台已在部分城市中推广应用,为地基遥感设备业务化运行提供全面的平台支持。 相似文献
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文章针对目前基层观测台站传输现状,设计了气象观测数据采集传输监控平台,实现了观测数据采集、传输、分发、管理、监控的统一,克服和解决工作人员工作流程繁琐、效率低;数据传输管理分散,监控难度大:原始数据存储分散,不利一统管理,共享能力低;格式及数据质量控制程序由各厂家开发,不利于根据本地化情况进行修改和调整;不利于基础数据传输工作的全区统一规范管理和部署等方面的弊端和难题。系统具体功能包括:观测数据文件的实时采集传输、观测数据初步质量控制、观测数据文件存储管理、监控信息采集存储、信息前台显示操作平台、实时报警功能、时钟同步功能,系统的实施将降低工作强度、提高工作效率、促进全区整体信息网络业务的进一步发展。 相似文献
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Rain and air of Florence have been collected in a continuous way andanalysed by flow analysis spectrofluorimetric methods for formaldehydeand hydrogen peroxide. Diurnal and seasonal variations were observed;the mean/maximum concentrations of all data (as gm–3) are 3.3/23.4 for HCHO and 0.4/4.93 forH2O2. The effect of external sources and ofphotochemical reactions produces periods of positive and negativecorrelations for these compounds. The mean/maximum rain concentration ofall data are 98/443 g l–1 for HCHO and 84/685 g l–1 for H2O2. Concentrationratios rain/air and discrepancies to Henry's Law equilibrium arediscussed. 相似文献
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"经济大国能源与气候论坛"在推动全球主要国家就应对气候变化主要议题达成一致方面取得了进展,已初步显示出其作为联合国气候谈判晴雨表的特征。该论坛的实质是主要发达国家为转移减排责任和压力,降低减排成本,绑架主要发展中国家在全球应对气候变化领域实施的集体强权政治。论坛的核心目标在于推动全球量化减排,目的是借全球量化减排,营造低碳和气候友好技术的广大市场,使得具有技术优势的这些经济大国拥有新的主导全球经济的力量。我国应坚持"共同但有区别的责任"原则,联合与会发展中国家强调气候变化的历史责任,反对为全球温室气体排放设限等不公平提议,团结广大发展中国家,同时抓住论坛力推低碳经济和低碳技术发展的机遇,使我国站在全球新一轮技术革命的前沿。 相似文献
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为了提高雾与能见度的预报水平,对业务上常用的两种能见度诊断方案,即Stoelinga and Warner(SW)方案与Forecast Systems Laboratory(FSL)方案的改进进行预报试验,SW方案基于Gultepe方案考虑了液态水粒子数浓度对能见度的影响,FSL改进方案中利用了递减平均法对公式中用到的温度与露点温度进行订正,并用其重新计算公式中的相对湿度。基于山东省气象科学研究所逐时更新循环(hourly update cycle,HUC)业务模式输出结果,从2015—2016年选取10次雾天气过程,并详细分析了2015年11月13—14日这次雾天气过程的预报结果,比较了改进前后各方案对雾与能见度的预报效果,结果显示:在模式预报的雨水含量占总液态含水量比例较大的预报时效,改进后的SW方案对雾与能见度预报效果优于原始方案,在模式预报液态含水量接近0的预报时效,改进前后的SW方案对雾与能见度的预报效果相当;利用订正的温度与露点温度重新计算相对湿度,其平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)降低明显的预报时段,改进后的FSL方案对雾与能见度的预报效果大大提升。将两种改进后的方案相融合并进行预报试验,结果显示,综合对能见度与雾的预报效果,Combined Visibility(CVIS)方案要优于其他两种改进方案。 相似文献
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广西春夏季旱涝的等级划分及时空分布特征分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
利用广西80多个站点1961~2006年的逐月降水资料,采用Z指数定义方法,对广西春夏季的旱涝进行等级划分.利用经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法对春夏季旱涝等级的时空分布进行研究,给出了四个旱涝典型场的分布特征.分析结果表明:全区性偏涝或偏旱是春夏季早涝分布的最主要型态;春季和夏季的前4种分布形态都通过了显著性检验,两个季度的第一、第二分布形态都是全区一致型和南北反向型;春季近5年时间系数多为正值,说明近年来全区春季表现为偏旱;1990年以后,夏季第一特征向量时间系数只有3年为正值,其余均为负值,说明近16年广西夏季降水较多,以偏涝为主,年代际变化也较明显. 相似文献
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Vast areas of rangelands across the world are grazed with increasing intensity, but interactions between livestock production, biodiversity and other ecosystem services are poorly studied. This study explicitly determines trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and livestock grazing intensity on rangelands. Grazing intensity and its effects on forage utilization by livestock, carbon sequestration, erosion prevention and biodiversity are quantified and mapped, using global datasets and models. Results show that on average 4% of the biomass produced annually is consumed by livestock. On average, erosion prevention is 10% lower in areas with a high grazing intensity compared to areas with a low grazing intensity, whereas carbon emissions are more than four times higher under high grazing intensity compared to low grazing intensity. Rangelands with the highest grazing intensity are located in the Sahel, Pakistan, West India, Middle East, North Africa and parts of Brazil. These high grazing intensities result in carbon emissions, low biodiversity values, low capacity for erosion prevention and unsustainable forage utilization. Although the applied models simplify the processes of ecosystem service supply, our study provides a global overview of the consequences of grazing for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The expected increasing future demand for livestock products likely increase pressures on rangelands. Global-scale models can help to identify targets and target areas for international policies aiming at sustainable future use of these rangelands. 相似文献
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W. Winiwarter H. Fierlinger H. Puxbaum M. C. Facchini B. G. Arends S. Fuzzi D. Schell U. Kaminski S. Pahl T. Schneider A. Berner I. Solly C. Kruisz 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(1-2):173-188
Experimental data from two field experiments on ground based clouds were used to study the distribution of formic acid, acetic acid, ammonia and S(IV) species between liquid and gas phase. The ratio of the concentrations of these compounds between the phases during concurrent measurements was compared to ratios expected according to Henry's law (considering the pH influence). Large discrepancies of several orders of magnitude were seen. Three hypotheses have been investigated to explain the observed discrepancies: The existence of a microscale equilibrium which does not persist in a bulk sample, a thermodynamic shift of the equilibrium due to competing reactions, and nonequilibrium conditions due to mass transfer limitations. Approximate quantitative calculations show that none of these hypotheses is sufficient to explain all of the discrepancies, so a combination of different effects seems to be responsible for this observation. The same theoretical considerations also suggest that mass transfer limitation may be an important factor for highly soluble compounds. The data presented here indicates that it is not possible to simply extrapolate interstitial gas phase composition from measured bulk liquid phase concentrations of a fog or cloud.Notation [r
max]
liquid phase molar uptake rate (mol l–1 s–1)
- [A
g
]
concentration ofA in gas phase (atm)
- [A
l
]
concentration ofA in liquid phase (mol l–1)
- [A
g
, 0]
concentration ofA in gas phase (atm) at time 0
- LWC
liquid water content (g m–3)
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R
universal gas constant (0.082 l atm mol–1 K–1
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D
g
diffusivity (for all gases 0.1 cm2 s–1 was used)
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K
H
*
effective Henry's law coefficient (mol l–1 atm–1)
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t
f
lifetime of fog droplet (s)
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a
droplet radius (cm)
-
accommodation coefficient
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R
factor of discrepancy
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T
temperature (K)
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v
mean molecular speed (cm s–1) formic acid: 35 000 acetic acid: 31 000 ammonia: 58 000 相似文献
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由中国气象科学研究院主持,江苏农业科学院、广东气候应用研究所、吉林气象科学研究所、国家气候中心科研人员参加的“十五”国家科技攻关项目“农林重大病虫害和农业气象灾害的预警及控制技术研究”13课题“农业气象灾害预警技术研究”经过近3年的研究取得了大量成果,并于2003年12月顺利通过农业部项目办公室组织的专家验收,得到专家一致好评。 相似文献
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In weather sciences, the two specific terms “storm” and “cyclone” frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure, strong winds, large precipitation amounts in the form of rain, freezing rain, or snow, as well as thunder and lightning. But what is the connection between these two specific terms? In this paper, the historic evolutions of the terms “storm” and “cyclone” are reviewed from the perspective of... 相似文献