Metallogenic Mechanism of the Tianbaoshan Pb—Zn Deposit,Sichuan

The Tianbaoshan Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province,exhibiting open-space-filling and /or replacement textures,occurs as being of vine style in the Sinian(Late Proterozoic) carbonate rocks,and is simple in ore composition.A systematic study of lead isotope and rareearth elements reveals that the ore-forming materials were derived from multiple sources.The ultimate source of the sulfur in all stages in seawater sulfate but the reducing mechanisms are different,The carbon was derved from marine carbonate and organic matter,The ore-forming fluid,meteoric in origin,belongs to a Ca^2 -Mg^2 -Cl^--Hco3^- type of weak acidic to alkalic solutions with a salinity of about 5wt% NaCl.The ore was formed at the depth of about 1 km from 150 to 250℃ during the main stage of ore deposition.The heated meteoric water,after extracting ore materials from wall rocks,evolved into ore-forming solution with a low salinity, in which metals were trasported as chloride complexes such as PbCl,ZnCl and ZnCl.The metal-bearing solution moved upward along deep faults to low-pressure zones,where the metal ions reacted with reduced sulfur and were precipitated as sulfied minerals.The textures of the minerals were controlled by the rate at which the reduced sulfur was supplied.     

Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids of Mississippi Valley-Type （MVT） Pb-Zn Deposits in Kangdian Area, China

Analyses of fluid-inclusion leachates from ore deposits show that Na/Br ratios are within the range of 75 - 358 and Cl/Br 67 - 394, respectively, and this variation trend coincides with the seawater evaporation trajectory on the basis of the Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios. The average Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of mineralizing fluids are 185 and 173 respectively, which are very close to the ratios ( 120 and 233 ) of the residual evaporated seawater past the point of halite precipitation. It is suggested that the original mineralizing brine was derived from highly evapo-rated seawater with a high salinity. However, the inclusion fluids have absolute Na values of 69.9—2606.2 mmol kg^-1 and Cl values of 106.7 — 1995.5 mmol kg^-1. Most of the values are much less than those of seawater: Na, 485 mmol kg^-1 and Cl, 566 mmol kg^-1 , respectively; the salinity measured from fluid inclusions of the deposits ranges from 2.47 wt% to 15.78 wt% NaCl equiv. The mineralizing brine has been diluted. The δ ^18O and δD values of ore-forming fluids vary from -8.21‰ to 9.51‰ and from -40.3‰ to -94.3‰, respectively. The δD values of meteoric water in this region varied from - 80‰ to - 100‰ during the Jurassic. This evidenced that the ore-forming fluids are the mixture of seawater and meteoric water. Highly evaporated seawater was responsible for leaching and extracting Pb, Zn and Fe, and mixed with and diluted by descending meteoric water, which resulted in the formation of ores.     

Helium and argon isotopic compositions of the Longquanzhan gold deposit in the Yishu fault zone and their geological implications

The Longquanzhan gold deposit hosted in granitic cataclasites with mylontization of the foot wall of the main Yishui-Tangtou fault. 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions range from 0. 14 to 0. 24 R/Ra,close to those of the crust-source helium. 40Ar/36Ar ratios were measured to be 289-1811, slightly higher than those of atmospheric argon. The results of analysis of helium and argon isotopes suggested that ore-forming fluids were derived chiefly from the crust. The δ18O values of fluid inclusions from vein quartz range from -1.78‰ to 4.07‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions vary between -74‰ and -77‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicated that the ore-forming fluid for the Longquanzhan gold deposit had mixed with meteoric water in the process of mineralization. This is consistent with the conclusion from the helium and argon isotope data.     

Characteristics of Ore-forming Fluid of the Gaoshan Gold-Silver Deposit in the Longquan Area,Zhejiang Province and its Implications for the Ore Genesis

The Gaoshan gold-silver deposit, located between the Yuyao-Lishui Fault and JiangshanShaoxing fault in Longquan Area, occurs in the Suichang-Longquan gold-silver polymetallic metallogenic belt. This study conducted an investigation for ore-forming fluids using microthermometry, D-O isotope and trace element. The results show that two types of fluid inclusions involved into the formation of the deposit are pure liquid phase and gas-liquid phase aqueous inclusions. The homogenization temperature and salinity of major mineralization phase ranges from 156°C to 236°C(average 200°C) and 0.35% to 8.68%(NaCleqv)(average 3.68%), respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluid is characteristic of low temperature and low salinity. The oreforming pressure ranges between in 118.02 to 232.13'105 pa, and it is estabmiated that the oreforming depth ranges from 0.39 to 0.77 km, indicating it is a hypabyssal deposit in genesis. The low rare earth elements content in pyrites, widely developed fluorite in late ore-forming stage and lack of chlorargyrite(Ag Cl), indicates that the ore-forming fluid is rich in F rather than Cl. The ratios of Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta of between different samples have little difference, indicating that the later hydrothermal activities had no effects on the former hydrothermal fluid. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pyrites from country rocks and ore veins are basically identical, with the characteristics of light REE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, implying that the ore-forming fluid was oxidative and derived partly from the country rocks. The δD and δ18O of fluid inclusions in quartz formed during the main metallogenic stage range from -105‰ to -69 ‰ and -6.01‰ to -3.81‰, respectively. The D-O isotopic diagram shows that the metallogenic fluid is characterized by the mixing of formation water and meteoric water, without involvement of magmatic water. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the Gaoshan gold-silver deposit are similar to those of continental volcanic hydrothermal deposit, and could be assigned to the continental volcanic hydrothermal gold-silver deposit type.     

Isotopic Characteristics of Mesozoic Au-Ag Polymetallic Ore Deposits in Northern Hebei and Their Ore-Forming Materials Source

It has long been a controversy about the source of ore-forming materials of Au-Ag polymetallic deposits both in metallogenic theory and in ore-searching practice. In terms of a large wealth of the isotopic statistics data from Indosinian-Yanshanian endogenic ore deposits in northern Hebei (generally referring to the areas along the northern part of Taihang Mountains and northern Hebei, the same below) , it is considered that the ore-forming materials came from the deep interior of the Earth, which had migrated through plumes to the Earth surface while ex-perienced multi-stage evolution and then emplaced progressively in favorable structural loci to form ores. Their isotope data show that 559 sulfur isotopic data from 40 ore deposits are, for the most part, within the range of -5‰ -5‰, with a high degree of homogenization, indicating that the sulfur is derived mainly from magma; 200 lead isotope data from 37 ore deposits indi-cate that the ore-forming materials are principally of mantle source though some crust-source ma-terial was involved; 96 oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotope data from 34 ore deposits illustrate that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic water while other sources of water would be involved. It may therefore be seen that the formation of endogenic deposits has nothing to do with the strata .     

The genesis of the slab window-related Arzular low-sulfidation epithermal gold mineralization （eastern Pontides, NE Turkey）

The Arzular mineralization is one of the best examples of epithermal gold deposits in the eastern Pontides orogenic belt.The mineralization is hosted by the subduction-related basaltic andesites and is mainly controlled by E-W and NE-SW trending fracture zones.The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite,pyrite.chalcopyrite.tetrahedrite and gold.Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are between 130 and 295℃ for quartz and between 90 and 133℃ for sphalerite.Sulphur isotope values obtained from pyrite,galena and sphalerite vary between 1.2‰ and 3‰.indicating that sulphur belongs to magmatic origin and was derived from the Lutetian non-adakitic granitic intrusions in the region.Oxygen isotope values are between 15.0‰ and 16.7‰ and hydrogen isotope values are between -87‰ and -91‰ The sulphur isotope thermometer yielded temperatures in the range of 244-291℃ for the ore formation.Our results support the hypothesis that the Arzular mineralization is a low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit associated with non-adakitic subduction- related granitic magmas that were generated by slab window-related processes in a south-dipping subduction zone during the Lutetian.     

Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China:Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.     

Geochemistry of main types of gold deposits in shear zones, China

Shear zone-hosted gold deposits in China can be divided into four types:ductile,brittle-ductile,ductile-brittle and brittle,of which the ductile and brittle types are the basic ones.All these types of gold deposits have their own geochemical characteristics.The Hetai gold deposit in Guangdong Province,for example,is a mylonite-type gold deposit in a ductile shear zone.With increasing mylonitization,obvious changes took place in trace elements in minerals and rocks,enriching gold and mineralizing elements.The S and Pb isotope data indicated that the ore-forming materials were derived from the strata.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and fluid inclusion studies also implied that the ore-forming fluid was much closer to meteoric water from the early to the late ore-forming stage.The Linglong gold deposit,Shangdong Province,is a quartz-type gold deposit in a brittle shear zone.Changes in rocks,minerals and trace elements occurred in the process of f ormation of gold quartz veins,and the analytical results of S,Pb ,Hand O isotopes showed that ore deposition is connected not only with the Jiaodong Group,but also with anatexic granites.     

Magmatic-Hydrothermal Superlarge Metallogenic Systems A Case Study of the Nannihu Ore Field

Located in the Qinling (秦玲) molybdenum metallogenic belt on the southern margin of North China craton, the Nannihu (南泥湖) molybdenum (-tungsten) ore field, consisting of the Nannihu, Sandaozhuang (三道幢), and Shangfang (上房) deposits, represents a superlarge skarn-porphyry molybdenum (-tungsten) accumulation. Outside the ore field, there are some hydrothermal lead-zinc-silver deposits found in recent years, for example, the Lengshuibeigou (冷水北沟), Ylndonggou (银洞沟), Yangshuwa (杨树凹), and Yinhegou (银河沟) deposits. Ore-forming fluid geochemistry indicates that these deposits belong to the same metallogenie system. The hydrothermal solutions were mainly derived from primary magmatic water in the early stage and from the mixture of the primary magmatic water and meteoric water in the later stage, with an obvious decreasing tendency in temperature, salinity and gas-liquid ratio of fluid inclusions. Sulfur and lead isotope data show that the ore-forming substances and related porphyries were mainly derived from the lower crust, and a hidden magmatic chamber is indicated by aeromagnetle anomaly and drill hole data indicate that the Nannihu granite body extends to being larger and larger with depth increasing. The large-scale mineralization was the consequence of lithospheric extension during the late stage of the tectonic regime when the main compressional stress changed from NS-trending to-EW trending.     

A Study of Ore-forming Fluids in the Shimensi Tungsten Deposit, Dahutang Tungsten Polymetallic Ore Field, Jiangxi Province, China

The Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field is located north of the Nanling W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt and south of the Middle—Lower Yangtze River Valley Cu-Mo-Au-Fe porphyry-skarn belt.It is a newly discovered ore field,and probably represents the largest tungsten mineralization district in the world.The Shimensi deposit is one of the mineral deposits in the Dahutang ore field,and is associated with Yanshanian granites intruding into a Neoproterozoic granodiorite batholith.On the basis of geologic studies,this paper presents new petrographic,microthermometric,laser Raman spectroscopic and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies of fluid inclusions from the Shimensi deposit.The results show that there are three types of fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages:liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,vapor-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,and three-phase fluid inclusions containing a solid crystal,with the vast majority being liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions.In addition,melt and melt-fluid inclusions were also found in quartz from pegmatoid bodies in the margin of the Yanshanian intrusion.The homogenization temperatures of liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions in quartz range from 162 to 363℃ and salinities are 0.5wt%-9.5wt%NaCI equivalent.From the early to late mineralization stages,with the decreasing of the homogenization temperature,the salinity also shows a decreasing trend.The ore-forming fluids can be approximated by a NaCl-H_2O fluid system,with small amounts of volatile components including CO_2,CH_4 and N_2,as suggested by Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses.The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data show that δ5D_(V-smow) values of bulk fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages vary from-63.8‰ to-108.4‰,and the δ~(18)O_(H2O) values calculated from the δ~(18)O_(V-)smow values of quartz vary from-2.28‰ to 7.21‰.These H-O isotopic data are interpreted to indicate that the ore-forming fluids are mainly composed of magmatic water in the early stage,and meteoric water was added and participated in mineralization in the late stage.Integrating the geological characteristics and analytical data,we propose that the ore-forming fluids of the Shimensi deposit were mainly derived from Yanshanian granitic magma,the evolution of which resulted in highly differentiated melt,as recorded by melt and melt-fluid inclusions in pegmatoid quartz,and high concentrations of metals in the fluids.Cooling of the ore-forming fluids and mixing with meteoric water may be the key factors that led to mineralization in the Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field.     

云南宾川雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床的成矿流体

雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床产于沉积岩中，生成工业意义矿床主体的改造期石英中的流体包裹体显微测温、成分分析以及氢氧同位素研究结果表明，雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床的流体为具有中低温、中低盐度和中低密度特征的富钠氯化物型热卤水，成矿流体水来源于与围岩发生了同位素交换的演化大气降水，形成于浅成低压的较酸性还原环境。     

河南省老湾金矿床地球化学特征及矿床成因

在详细分析河南省老湾金矿床成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的基础上,研究该矿床流体包裹体和氢、氧、硫、铅同位素,结果表明该金矿床的成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的富CO₂的K⁺-Na⁺ -Cl^--SO ₂^-4体系。氧、氢同位素分析显示,成矿流体δ¹⁸O值变化于-5.25‰～+5.37‰,δD变化于-67‰～-76‰,表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水;硫化物的δ³⁴S值变化于-0.1‰～+5.3‰,平均值为+3.98‰,显示深源硫的特征;Pb同位素组成显示铅主要来源于地幔,有少量地壳铅的加入。综合研究表明,老湾金矿床为受韧性剪切带控制的中-低温热液构造蚀变岩型金矿床。      

山东省埃子王家—原疃矿区成矿流体特征及流体来源

[摘 要] 通过对埃子王家-原疃矿区流体包裹体岩相学、测温学及铅、硫同位素等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源,结果表明:①流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体;包裹体液相成分阳离子以K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以SO²₄、Cl^-、F^-为主;气相成分以H₂O、CO₂、CH₄为主;②成矿流体均一温度、盐度分别为120～350℃,4. 26%～8. 66%,为中低温(200℃以下为70%)、低盐度的流体;③²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为16. 217～18. 034;²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为15.180～16.889;²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 范围为36. 586～39. 987。分析认为,本区铅同位素来源应为壳幔混合源。     

大兴安岭北段宝兴沟金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

宝兴沟金矿床是大兴安岭北部上黑龙江成矿带内大型金矿床之一,矿体主要产于下侏罗统二十二站组砂岩与早白垩世石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩内外接触带内,其热液成矿作用可划分为：黄铁矿±毒砂-石英（Ⅰ）、多金属硫化物-石英（Ⅱ）及少硫化物-碳酸盐（Ⅲ）3个阶段。流体包裹体岩相学研究表明：Ⅰ阶段矿石主要发育气液两相（LV）、少量含CO₂三相包裹体（H_CO2）及富气相包裹体（FV）;Ⅱ阶段矿石中主要发育LV及少量H_CO2包裹体;Ⅲ阶段矿石中只发育LV包裹体。测温结果显示：Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段包裹体总体均一温度峰值集中于225.00~300.00℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为2.00%~10.00%;Ⅲ阶段均一温度峰值集中于175.00~225.00℃,盐度为4.00%~8.00%;成矿流体为简单的含CO₂中低温、低盐度的NaCl-H₂O热液体系,总体具有从成矿早期到晚期均一温度、盐度逐渐降低的特征。氢、氧同位素分析结果显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段成矿流体δD_SMOW为-131.00‰~-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为1.00‰~4.00‰,Ⅲ阶段δD_SMOW为-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为-1.89‰,表明早期以岩浆水为主,晚期逐渐演化为与大气降水混合热液。矿石中黄铁矿（毒砂）δ³⁴S_V-CDT为1.50‰~4.20‰,显示其物质来源以深源岩浆为主。综合分析认为,区内金成矿作用与早白垩世（石英）闪长岩、闪长玢岩侵入活动有直接关系,矿床属中低温岩浆热液成因类型。     

云南个旧卡房矿田锡-铜矿床成矿作用过程探讨:成矿流体约束

云南个旧是世界上最大的锡多金属矿区,卡房矿田是其中一个主要的铜矿区。卡房铜矿主要的矿床类型有:变玄武岩型层状铜矿和接触带型铜矿,本文主要对前者进行了流体包裹体测试及同位素地球化学分析,并对比研究了接触带型铜矿的同位素地球化学特征。流体包裹体研究显示,卡房矿田变玄武岩型层状铜矿的成矿流体,属于岩浆流体体系演化的一部分,成矿作用分为三个阶段:石英-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-方解石-黄铜矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱa)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅱb)。从Ⅰ-Ⅱa-Ⅱb成矿流体的温度(平均从363.9℃至283.2℃至185.0℃)显著降低,流体盐度(平均从20.18% NaCleqv至12.59% NaCleqv至11.97% NaCleqv)缓慢降低,流体密度(平均从0.854g/cm³至0.863g/cm³至1.001g/cm³)基本不变。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的挥发份主要为H₂O及少量CH₄,液相中主要成分为H₂O及少量CO^2-₃。氢、氧同位素研究(δD_H2O值介于-98‰~-79‰;δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于-0.82‰~7.09‰)显示,成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,在成矿流体上升过程中与地层中的大气降水相混合。硫同位素分析结果表明,卡房矿田变玄武岩型铜矿中硫化物的硫(δ³⁴S值介于-0.86‰~3.8‰)来源于三叠纪变玄武岩,而花岗岩浆和变玄武岩共同为卡房接触带型铜矿(δ³⁴S值介于-3.2‰~6.2‰)提供了成矿所需的大部分硫。     

陕西省凤县九子沟铜矿矿床地质特征及成因研究

本文通过对九子沟铜矿床成矿地质背景,矿区地质特征,矿体特征,矿石特征,流体包裹体特征,硫同位素特征等几个方面的综合研究,九子沟铜矿床矿体主要赋存于星红铺组地层中的九子沟-太山庙灰岩单斜层北接触面及其附近,以层状、似层状产出。九子沟铜矿床分为三个成矿期:早期沉积-变质期、中期热液改造期和晚期表生期,中期热液改造期为主要成矿期。流体包裹体特征显示成矿温度主要集中于180~240℃,盐度集中于2.0%~6.0%NaCl,密度为0.68%~0.95%,成矿深度为0.9~3.2km,成矿流体属于低盐度低密度体系。九子沟铜矿δ18OH2O平均为-4.098‰;δDH2O平均为-80.625‰,说明成矿流体主要为大气降水或地下热卤水。δ34S值变化范围为6.21‰~9.37‰,平均7.44‰,说明硫主要来源于地壳,且有少量海水硫酸盐中硫的加入。认为该区矿床属沉积-热液叠加改造型铜矿床。     

黑龙江省漠河县砂宝斯金矿床流体特征及矿床成因

成因类型与控矿条件的不确定一直是制约砂宝斯金矿床找矿突破的关键因素.就成矿背景而言, 多数学者认为其形成于造山过程的挤压背景, 而是否与伸展构造体系有关则鲜有研究.为重新确定砂宝斯金矿床的成因类型, 在详实的野外调研基础上, 对该矿床的控矿构造、成矿流体特征、成矿物质来源等方面展开深入研究.结果表明, 矿床受大型拆离断层控制, 矿体主要赋存于拆离断层的次级张性断裂中.通过扫描电镜首次发现了含砷黄铁矿, 与毒砂、黄铁矿共生于早阶段, 指示该矿床形成于中温或中温偏高的热液环境.石英中流体包裹体较为发育, 以气液两相为主.主成矿阶段流体具有中温(峰值为200~260℃)、低盐度(平均值为5.56% NaCl equiv.)、低密度(平均值为0.87g/cm3)的特征.成矿流体气相成分主要为H₂O、CO₂与CH₄, 属于H₂O-CO₂-CH₄体系.硫主要来自深源岩浆(成矿早阶段黄铁矿δ34S为-1.3‰~5.6‰), 也有少量地层硫.成矿流体盐度随着温度降低而降低, 不同流体混合是成矿物质卸载沉淀成矿的主要机制.综合研究表明, 砂宝斯金矿床的成因类型属受拆离断层控制的中温热液脉型金矿床, 形成于燕山晚期地壳强烈伸展和幔源物质大规模参与地壳演化的构造背景.      

山东莱州新城金矿床流体包裹体

山东新城金矿是胶东焦家-新城成矿带上重要的蚀变岩型金矿床。矿体主要赋存在焦家断裂带下盘靠近主裂面的黄铁绢英岩和黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩内,严格受焦家断裂构造控制。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿和辉银矿等。区内围岩蚀变类型主要有黄铁绢英岩化、绢英岩化、绢云母化、硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化等,且矿化主要与黄铁绢英岩化和硅化关系密切。本次研究主要针对新城金矿床深部矿石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱及氢、氧同位素分析研究。研究表明：该矿床深部矿石中纯CO₂包裹体数量有明显增加现象,同时发育含CO₂包裹体和气液两相包裹体;成矿流体具有低盐度(w(NaCl))（2.06%~10.24%）、低密度（0.54~0.97 g/cm³）的特点;主成矿温度为260~300 ℃,成矿压力为65~113 MPa,成矿深度为6.51~8.82 km。成矿过程中流体经历了CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系的不混溶作用。氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δD_SMOW为－75.1‰～－61.4‰,δ¹⁸O_水为4.80‰～6.40‰,并将新城金矿床与典型“焦家式”金矿床成矿流体特征及来源进行对比,认为新城金矿成矿流体主要以幔源流体为主。综合研究表明,新城金矿床成因类型为幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

山东省寺庄金矿床成矿流体特征

莱州寺庄金矿床位于焦家成矿带南段,是焦家金矿田的一部分,也是焦家成矿带上重要的热液脉型金矿床。区内主要有黄铁绢英岩带、黄铁绢英岩化花岗碎裂岩带和黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩带3个控矿带,位于焦家断裂带下盘。矿石矿物主要为银金矿、黄铁矿、自然金、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等。该矿床发育了绢英岩化、硅化、钾化、碳酸盐化等蚀变类型,且硅化和绢英岩化与矿化关系最为密切。本文从流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱分析以及氢、氧同位素分析方面对山东省寺庄金矿床成矿流体特征进行综合研究。结果显示：该矿床金矿石中主要发育含CO₂相、气液两相和CO₂相三类包裹体。在成矿过程中,流体经历了CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系的不混溶作用。成矿流体具有低盐度（w（NaCl）为（0.53%~10.24%））、低密度（0.50~1.03 g/cm³）的特点。成矿温度为260~340℃,压力为82~116 MPa,成矿深度为中成（7.40~8.94 km）。氢、氧同位素分析成矿流体δD_V-SNOW为-76.6‰~-69.0‰,δ¹⁸O_水为2.94‰~7.24‰,说明成矿流体以幔源流体为主,并有少量的岩浆水和大气降水参与。结合该矿床地质特征与实验结果综合分析,认为寺庄金矿的矿床成因类型为受断裂构造控制的幔源流体参与成矿的中温中成热液蚀变岩型金矿床。     

东天山小尖山金矿床成矿流体特征及成矿模式探讨

小尖山金矿床产于东天山康古尔韧性剪切带南缘,对该矿床流体特征和矿床成因类型了解较少。矿区普遍发育低绿片岩相变质,矿床由多条走向为100°~120°的陡倾斜蚀变岩型矿体组成,金平均品位3.11×10^-6~24.99×10^-6;成矿过程可划分为3个阶段:(1)黄铁矿-磁铁矿-绿泥石-绢云母-石英阶段;(2)黄铁矿-黄铜矿-自然金-石英-绿泥石阶段;(3)石英-方解石-贫硫化物阶段。本文通过对矿床不同成矿阶段石英脉内发育的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温与氢氧同位素研究分析,发现矿床主要发育H₂O-CO₂及气液两相流体包裹体,从早至晚成矿过程中流体内CO₂包裹体逐渐减少,气液两相包裹体内气液比逐渐减小。各成矿阶段包裹体显微测温结果表明,从早至晚成矿流体均一温度分别为216.9~396.4℃、183.1~319.2℃与145.1~220.8℃;成矿流体盐度分别为1.40%~10.11%NaCleq、1.91%~11.22%NaCleq与1.63%~6.74%NaCleq,成矿流体属于中低温、中低盐度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系,并经历了从中温、中盐度流体向低温、低盐度流体的演化过程;成矿早阶段流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-22.550‰,δ¹⁸O_水值为9.44‰,指示变质水成因;成矿晚阶段δD_V-SMOW值介于-41.913‰~-34.796‰之间,平均值为-37.413‰,δ¹⁸O_水值介于1.99‰~3.98‰之间,平均值为2.99‰,指示混合水成因,但接近变质水;成矿流体主要为变质水,成矿早阶段至晚阶段具有从变质水向混合水演化的特征。综合分析,小尖山金矿床成因类型为造山型金矿,其成矿模式为早期韧性剪切变形过程中产生的变质流体在运移过程中萃取岩石中成矿物质,形成含金成矿流体,并在糜棱岩面理等裂隙处发生结晶作用,导致金的初步富集;晚期地壳快速抬升,地质体由韧性变形向脆-韧性、脆性变形转变,伴随有花岗岩脉的侵入,变质流体在运移过程中从流经岩石中淋滤萃取金等成矿物质,形成含矿流体,岩浆水、大气降水的混入以及深度、压力的降低使得流体内的成矿物质在裂隙或断层发育的有利地段卸载沉淀,形成金矿体。