恒山地区变基性岩墙群的发现及"五台群"绿岩地层的解体

构造填图及剖面研究揭示了恒山中南部"绿岩带"实为变基性岩墙群强烈剪切、构造置换的产物, 它们明显侵入于新太古代灰色片麻岩内及高压麻粒岩区. 恒山高压麻粒岩区产状平缓, 向南逐渐被产状陡立变基性岩墙群侵位. 变基性岩墙的侵位明显晚于高压麻粒岩相变质事件, 形成于伸展构造环境并经历后期走滑剪切变形. 锆石同位素年龄研究表明, 恒山中南部的变基性岩墙侵位于(2499 ± 4)～(2512 ± 3) Ma之间, 并经历后期构造-热事件的影响. 恒山南部-五台山区新太古代末期变基性岩墙群的发现, 进一步证实这一时期华北中北部经历伸展构造热事件, 提供了划分太古宙/元古宙界限的构造-岩浆活动事件标志, 及华北与其他大陆早期构造演化对比的基本线索.     

在西藏白朗发现蛇绿混杂岩

雅鲁藏布江南岸有一条规模巨大的超基性岩带已为人们所知,作者于1979年6月在西藏日喀则地区白朗附近的蛇绿岩带南部发现了一套很好的混杂岩。白朗蛇绿混杂岩分布在白朗西南侧到罗布江孜村之间。该地的蛇绿岩自下而上包括超基性岩、基性岩、中基性火山岩、枕状熔岩和深海相放射虫硅质岩等(图版Ⅱ-4、5),属保存较好的有序型蛇绿岩套。蛇绿岩带南侧为浅变质的中生界复理石带,由灰色、灰黑色的砂、板岩组成。蛇绿岩带与变质中生界之间为断层接触,并且被一套以红色为主的杂色砾岩不整合覆盖。蛇绿岩带之北侧为晚白垩世的日喀则群,是由一套灰色、黄绿色的砂、页岩地层组成的复理石。蛇绿岩带与日喀则群之间也为断层接触     

华北克拉通中部中元古代岩墙群的古地磁学研究及其地质意义

华北克拉通中部(主要在晋北、五台和吕梁地区)广泛发育着中元古代的基性岩墙群, 这些基性岩墙群未变形、未变质、具有较强的磁性, 分布广泛, 成为利用古地磁对比前寒武纪高级变质岩区的理想标志. 从这一地区基性岩墙群的古地磁结果分析, 华北板块向南掀斜18°左右, 晋北地区相对五台地区翘起并左旋10°左右, 而吕梁地区的岩墙群比晋北五台地区的岩墙群形成晚. 并且在吕梁地区NNW向和WNW向岩墙形成过程中, 华北板块持续向北漂移, 因此造成吕梁地区NNW向和WNW向岩墙群与晋北-五台地区的岩墙群具有较大的古地磁差异.     

大别山北部榴辉岩的地球化学特征和Sr,Nd同位素组成及其大地构造意义

大别山北部镁铁－超镁铁质岩带中榴辉岩的岩石地球化学特征及Ｓｒ,Ｎｄ同位素组成表明：（ｉ）本区榴辉岩的原岩主要为拉斑玄武岩和少数可能为辉长岩,并且大多数可能属于扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,为扬子陆壳（下地壳）俯冲变质成因,少数可能属扬子与华北大陆板块之间的古洋壳残片;（ｉｉ）本区榴辉岩大多具有Ｎｂ正异常、Ｋ负异常等,排除了它们形成于岛弧环境下的可能性;（ｉｉｉ）磨子潭－晓天断裂以南含榴辉岩和变质橄榄岩的变质镁铁－超镁铁质岩带可能代表扬子与华北两个大陆板块之间的碰撞缝合带．其中除含有扬子俯冲陆壳外,还混有古洋壳残片．     

西南天山洋壳高压-超高压变质岩石的俯冲隧道折返机制

出露于造山带的高压-超高压榴辉岩记录了地壳俯冲到地幔深度而后又折返回地表的过程,其俯冲过程与折返机制的研究对理解俯冲带性质、演化、地球动力学过程乃至板块构造理论都有着非常重要的作用.相对于较轻的陆壳长英质高压-超高压岩石,基性洋壳榴辉岩密度大,其折返难度大且过程复杂.折返过程除了受内在浮力的影响,还受外在构造力(如隧道流)的制约,另外板片构造环境(如板片后撤和板片断离)的作用也不可忽视.中国西南天山高压-超高压变质带是典型的经历过深俯冲变质作用的增生混杂岩带,主要由高压-超高压变质沉积岩及夹杂其中的变基性岩透镜体组成,但长期以来其折返模式一直不太清楚.根据其野外产状、岩相学特征、峰期变质温压条件和峰期变质年龄等多方面的综合分析,可以采用沉积岩型"俯冲隧道折返模式"来概括西南天山高压-超高压变质带的形成和演化.部分经历多期变质作用的榴辉岩岩块记录了多期俯冲-折返循环,反映了俯冲隧道内的上下环流运动,有力证明了俯冲隧道的存在.最后,本文对目前研究存在的问题和未来的探索方向进行了展望.     

郯庐断裂带南段与大别──胶南造山带构造复合（叠加）的显微构造证据

对那庐断裂带南段构造岩特别是中深层次韧性剪切带中的糜棱岩进行了研究自北向南于部庐断裂带主干断裂沿线选取6条有代表性的初一脆性剪切带进行地质测量,应用高分辨透射电子显微镜对构造岩中变形石英的位错结构进行观察,求得了韧性剪切作用下构造岩石所受的古差异应力和应变速率等一系列应变参数从显微构造角度提出了郊庐断裂带与大别一胶南造山带构造复合（叠加）的证据：构造岩石的一组应变参数是郊庐断裂带的产物,严格受其中的韧性剪切带控制,另一组系大别-胶南造山带与部庐断裂带复合的产物还讨论了都庐断裂带南段中深层次构造岩的变形一变质历史     

高黎贡剪切带变形花岗质岩石中的长石细粒化和岩石流动特性

以高黎贡剪切带中发育的变形花岗质岩石为研究对象,主要通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、阴极发光仪(CL)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对其显微构造、组构以及矿物成分进行了精细的测试分析,重点针对岩石中的长石细粒化和流体制约因素进行了深入讨论.研究结果表明:(1)高黎贡剪切带中的变形花岗质岩石随糜棱岩化程度的增强,呈现出两个明显的端元变形岩石类型,即Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩和Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩.(2)在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型岩石中,主要矿物组合均为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母和(或)白云母.然而其中Ⅰ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:钾长石(残斑为主)斜长石石英±黑云母;Ⅱ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:细粒化的斜长石钾长石石英±黑云母.(3) EBSD组构结果显示无论是Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩,还是Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩,条带状石英在Y轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,表示以柱面a滑移系发育为主;而Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中的石英单颗粒在X轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,指示了柱面c滑移系.(4)Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中分布的钾长石矿物变形是以(100)[010]滑移系的发育占主导地位的位错蠕变动态重结晶,斜长石矿物呈现较弱的EBSD组构,表现出颗粒边界为主的滑移超塑性流动特征.值得注意的是从Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩到Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩中,变形长石残斑主要为钾长石.在角闪岩相剪切变形过程中钾长石呈现出明显细粒化以及矿物相、矿物成分和结构的转变,表现为钾长石矿物残斑被细粒化斜长石和石英颗粒取代并伴随着流体作用.钾长石残斑的强烈细粒化进一步形成高应变局部化的超糜棱岩和整个岩石的超塑性流动.     

华北、扬子板块碰撞后热演化史的初步研究

对采自苏北－胶南－大别高压变质构造混杂岩带的片麻岩、糜棱岩和郯庐断裂带上的片麻岩中９个钾长石进行了￣４０Ａｒ－￣３９Ａｒ年龄测定和多重扩散域（ＭＤＤ）模式处理，９个样品的热演化史表明上述地区存在５个不同的快速冷却时段，并就其可能的构造含义，提出了华北与扬子板块碰撞后的折返历史过程     

新疆西南天山科克苏河新发现榴辉岩岩石学特征和相平衡研究及其地质意义

西南天山高压-超高压变质带东段特克斯县科克苏河一带首次发现了榴辉岩和含绿辉石的蓝片岩,通过详细的岩石学研究,并运用THERMOCALC软件、在MnNC(K)FMASHO体系下对其进行了相平衡模拟.选择的样品为新鲜的榴辉岩TK003,含绿辉石包体的蓝片岩TK026-8及退变榴辉岩TK027.3个样品石榴石成分均显示出从核部到边部Xpy和Xgrs逐渐升高,Xsps不断降低的变质生长环带特征.相平衡模拟结果显示,榴辉岩和蓝片岩经历了相似的P-T演化轨迹,早期近等压条件下升温至峰期,达到榴辉岩相变质作用温压范围,峰期温压条件为T=480~515℃,P=2.0~2.3 GPa;而后在近等温条件下快速降压,退变初期经历的温压条件为515~519℃,1.78~1.93 GPa.不同样品中变质矿物组合及其含量的不同主要受全岩成分控制的退变路径不同所引起,此外还可能与体系含水量有关.峰期温压条件及其地热梯度(6~7℃km-1)表明科克苏河流域出露的高压变质岩石同样经历了冷俯冲榴辉岩相变质作用,它与西端的昭苏境内的榴辉岩-蓝片岩带相连,构成了东西向长约200 km的榴辉岩相变质带.但在该区并未发现超高压变质矿物,说明西南天山东段的科克苏河一带可能没有俯冲到达发生超高压变质作用的深度.     

豫南鄂北大别山中部和北部的榴辉岩类

一个高压超高压地体出现在豫南鄂北大别山中.高压超高压地体包括6个亚单元,其中的4个发育有榴辉岩.4个亚单元的榴辉岩在变质条件和变质历史上是不同的.     

Review of the Pilbara Craton and Fortescue Basin,Western Australia: Crustal evolution providing environments for early life

The oldest part of the Pilbara Craton is 3.80–3.55 Ga crust. Between 3.53 and 3.22 Ga, mantle plume activity resulted in eight successive volcanic cycles forming the Pilbara Supergroup. Large volumes of granitic magma were intruded during the same period. By 3.22 Ga, a thick continental crust, the East Pilbara Terrane, had been established. Between 3.22 and 3.16 Ga, rifting of the East Pilbara Terrane separated off two additional terranes (Karratha and Kurrana), with intervening basins of oceanic crust. After 3.16 Ga, the three terranes began to converge, resulting in both obduction of oceanic crust (Regal Terrane) and, in another area, subduction to form a 3.13 Ga island arc (Sholl Terrane). At 3.07 Ga, the Karratha, Regal, and Sholl Terranes collided to form the West Pilbara Superterrane, and this collided with the East Pilbara Terrane. The 3.05–2.93 Ga De Grey Superbasin was deposited as a succession of basins: Gorge Creek, Whim Creek, Mallina, and Mosquito Creek. Eventual closure of the basins, between 2.94 and 2.93 Ga, formed two separate orogenic belts on either side of the East Pilbara Terrane. Post‐orogenic granites were intruded between 2.89 and 2.83 Ga. The 2.78–2.63 Ga Fortescue Basin developed in four stages: (i) rifting of the Pilbara Craton; (ii) folding and erosion; (iii) large igneous province (LIP) volcanism; and (iv) marine sedimentation on a passive margin. A review of all known evidence for early life in the Pilbara Craton is provided. In hydrothermal settings, most of the evidence occurs as filamentous and spheroidal microfossils, organic carbon, microbial mats, and rare stromatolites. By contrast, shallow‐water marine sedimentary rocks contain a diverse range of stromatolites, and microbial mats. Lacustrine and shallow‐water marine carbonate rocks in the Fortescue Basin contain abundant and morphologically diverse stromatolites, widespread microbial mats, and organic carbon.     

用板块构造学说对中国部分地区构造发展的初步分析

为便于在大陆上研究板块构造,作者提出了几项原则,作为参考:1.板块接触带时常表现为一条大断层或断裂带,延伸至少数百公里,经常超过一千公里;2.在两个相邻的板块上,沉积岩相和古生物群有显著的划分;3.有混杂堆积的出现;4.有蛇绿岩带的出现;5.有蓝片岩的出现;6.侵入岩与喷出岩具有规律性的分布;7.地震震中的分布;8.两个相邻板块所指极向的不同移动轨迹. 根据上述原则,结合中国地质情况进行分析,作者认为我国有几条山脉和地区可能是板块构造接触带.这些是:1.秦岭东西构造带,2.台湾省东岸,3.西藏的雅鲁藏布江,4.金沙江上游,5.龙门山及“康滇地轴”,6.祁连山北部边缘. 在工作中也遇到了以下几个有待进一步研究的问题:1.大陆板块对大陆板块互相碰撞的说法,似应作一定的修改.因为几乎所有大陆上的俯冲带都是沿着地槽的一边或两边发生的,而不是两个大陆板块直接相互接触.它和大陆边缘的海洋板块对大陆板块的移动,极为相似。2.超基性岩是否能侵入到大陆地壳,还是只能生成于地幔?3.如果说超基性岩只出现于地槽,则古老地块中有超基性岩出现时,是否可以说,这是以前地槽沉积的变质岩,而不是古老的岩浆岩体,例如秦岭的大华群和大别山的淮阳地盾等。     

郯庐断裂中段的早白垩世拉分盆地(英文)

石场－中楼盆地位于郯庐断裂带中段的沂河－沭河地区。郯庐断裂左旋切割了秦岭－大别－胶南造山带及前中生代地层,研究区内沂河－沭河断裂切割了年龄为１３６．２Ｍａ（４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ法）的胶南造山带北缘剪切带,并被时代为１１９Ｍａ（Ｋ－Ａｒ法）的青山群地层不整合覆盖,显示郯庐断裂在早白垩世曾发生了明显的走滑运动。石场－中楼盆地受沂河－沭河断裂的控制,整体为长６０ｋｍ、宽３０ｋｍ,长宽比近于２∶１的“菱型”构造盆地。盆地内早白垩世莱阳群的沉积厚度大于６２６３．７１ｍ,沉积速率大于０．４ｍｍ／ａ;沉积相特征反映盆地具有深而窄,沉积速度快、沉积相变剧烈的特点。盆地沉积中心的迁移方向与边界断裂的左旋走滑效应一致,“边走滑边沉积”的特征明显。根据构造背景、构造格架及沉积特征,确定石场－中楼盆地为郯庐断裂早白垩世左旋走滑过程中形成的拉分盆地     

INTERPRETATION OF LANDSAT MSS DATA IN AN IRON-ORE-BEARING ZONE IN GOA,INDIA*

In South and Central Goa iron ore occurs in two parallel belts with the general NW-SE Dharawar trend. The ore occurrence, however, is not continuous. There are barren zones as well as zones of very high concentration in some of which there are mining activities. Landsat MSS data have been interpreted over a zone covering both mineral belts in order to delineate the ore occurrences. As a guide line a known ore-bearing area has been considered along with the unknown zones. On the basis of two-dimensional plotting of gray level values it has been found that the MSS bands 4 and 7 are most suitable for the studies over iron-rich areas in Goa. Two techniques are described here for the processing of the MSS data; the separation of residual from the regional and MSS band-ratioing. It is observed that (i) the gray level residual maps of MSS bands 4 and 7 are of use in demarcating the iron-ore-bearing zones, and (ii) an existing mine, an abandoned mine, and a proved iron ore zone could be delineated by MSS band-ratioing. On the basis of the latter technique, a few areas with ore occurrence potential have been indicated.     

鲜水河断裂带多断层相互作用的流变断裂力学分析

本文研究了流变介质内多断层的相互影响,通过对鲜水河断裂带的分析,对该断裂带提出一个不共线三断层的断裂力学模型.把介质考虑成流变的,用有限元法结合解析方法求解了流变断裂力学问题的应力、应变及能量场的时空变化.结果表明,多断层的力学场与单一断层的力学场相差甚远,在断层间形成了影响区.在影响区内应力集中,梯度大,分布复杂,应变能在影响区内形成较大范围集中.应变能等值线在孕震期间从影响区向外扩张,能量从外围流向断层区,流动在时空上都是不均匀的,孕育初期增加速率大,后期渐渐平缓.流向影响区的能量比其周围区域大,形成很大梯度.并讨论了地震前兆的某些特征.根据本文的结果,认为在道孚-乾宁-带发生地震的可能性较大.     

A review on developments in the electrical structure of craton lithosphere

Cratons have a long history of evolution. In this paper, applications of the magnetotelluric method used in the study of craton lithosphere over the past 30 years were reviewed, examining case studies of cratons in North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The nuclei of the Archean cratons, for example the Kalahari Craton and Rae Craton, are usually characterized by thick and highly resistive lithospheric roots. During or after the formation of the cratons, tectonothermal events, such as collision, mantle plume, and asthenosphere upwelling led to the formation of high-conductivity zones in the craton lithosphere, which could be attributed to the increased hydrogen content (of nominally anhydrous minerals), higher iron content, and formation of graphite films or sulfides along the grain boundary of minerals. These conductive zones are characterized by resistivity discontinuities in craton lithosphere. In particular, the conductive zones include (1) large-scale lithospheric mantle conductors beneath the Slave Craton, Gawler Craton, and central part of North China Craton(Trans-North China Orogen); (2) near-vertical high-conductivity zone associated with the fossil subduction zone beneath the Dharwar Craton and Slave Craton; and (3) regional lateral electrical discontinuities, such as a conductive anomaly under the Bushveld Complex of the Kaapvaal Craton. The eMoho refers to the electrical discontinuity in the crust-mantle boundary. In existing research, this has been detected under the condition of extremely high lithospheric resistivity with only a slight decrease in the lower crust, and in the case of a very thin conductive lower crust or the lack thereof. In the resistivity model, the unique “mushroom-like” lower crust-lithosphere mantle conductor and very thin lower crust layer of the North China Craton may represent lithosphere destruction and/or thinning. We also find that some of the cratons are still not well understood. Therefore, extensive three-dimensional inversion and joint interpretation of geochemical, geophysical, and geologic data are necessary to understand the tectonic evolutionary history of craton lithosphere.

     

中国南北地震带(北段、中段)的深部环境与地震关系的初步探讨

本文从部分地球物理资料出发,初步探讨了中国南北地震带北段(贺兰山—六盘山地震带)、中段(天水—武都、文县—川西北地震带)地壳和上地慢的结构特征。 根据对有关资料的分析研究,初步得出中国南北地震带北段、中段深部地震环境的主要特点: 地震带下部的上地幔顶面呈带状隆起:银川地堑地区上地幔顶面带状隆起的轴向呈北北东向;西吉、海原、固原地区呈北西向;天水—武都地区呈近南北向。 强烈地震的断层走向、震中迁移方向与软流圈顶面等深线轴向方向一致。 强烈地震往往发生在深部构造与浅部构造在深部的交汇区,如天水、武都地区。 强烈地震与壳内高导层和上地幔高导层的局部隆起和拗陷有关。 进而尝试性的分析了深部环境与地震孕育发生的关系。最后文章讨论了深部地震环境对中长期地震预报和地震成因研究的意义     

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event. The E-W-striking ductile shear zone, accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip, was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones, accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip, successively. An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica, and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder (10-10) 〈a〉 or 〈c〉 glide. The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian. The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures, accompanied by typical microstructures, including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization, etc., and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic (1011) 〈a〉 glide. The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels, yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization. The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma, and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.     

鄂尔多斯块体北缘中强以上地震活动特征分析

从阴山地震带6.0级以上地震周期性规律等角度,着重研究了该区域中强以上地震活动特征。阴山地震带6.0级以上强震自公元849年以来,具有百年尺度的周期性特征,1900年之后进入第五活跃期,且当前应变处于较高状态,未来几年内该地震带发生6级以上地震可能性较大。临河—乌海—巴彦浩特地区是7.0级地震的主体空区。ML5.0以上地震具有以东经110°为轴东西对跳特征,东经110°以西地区是新一轮中等以上地震活动的主体区域。1970年以来,发生的6次5.9级以上地震前,均存在ML4.0级以上地震空区或条带。2000年1月1日至2011年9月30日,阴山地震带逐渐形成两条明显的ML4.0级以上地震条带,条带交汇部位所在临河—乌海地区可能是未来发生强震的区域。     

应用布格重力异常研究郯庐断裂构造

使用布格重力资料对郯庐断裂带的中段部分（沂沭断裂带）进行了研究. 结果表明, 郯庐断裂带莫霍面及地壳内界面均发生错断,断裂带两侧地壳各界面起伏平缓. 该结果与前人的郯庐断裂带是切穿地壳的深大断裂的认识相一致. 在郯庐断裂带两侧,地壳结构明显不同,西侧沉积层较薄,平均在5 km以下;东侧多数在6 km以上;在断裂带中央沉积物最薄,大约为3～4 km. 断裂带东侧莫霍面埋深浅,大约为33～34 km;西侧莫霍面埋深明显增加,达到36～38 km．反映了莫霍面深度在断裂带附近整体是向西增加的. 郯庐断裂带在重力场分布中则表现为一条宽度较大的线性布格重力异常梯度带.