高淀粉水平下精氨酸对松浦镜鲤肠道形态与功能的影响

【目的】探讨高淀粉饲料中添加精氨酸对松浦镜鲤(CyprinuscarpioL.)肠道消化酶活性及肠道形态的影响。【方法】选用初始体质量(6.84±0.02)g的松浦镜鲤360尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复18尾鱼。实验饲料分为5组,分别在45%水平的高淀粉饲料中添加质量分数0%、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%、2.4%的精氨酸,实验周期为8周,进行肠道消化酶和形态的测定。【结果】前、中、后肠的淀粉酶活性,各组之间没有显著差异(P> 0.05);添加2.4%精氨酸组的前肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P <0.05),中肠和后肠的脂肪酶活性各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05);前、中、后肠蛋白酶活性随精氨酸添加量的增加而增加,添加1.8%和2.4%精氨酸组的前肠和中肠蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加2.4%精氨酸组后肠的蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。高淀粉饲料中添加Arg显著影响了肠道皱襞高度,但对肠绒毛宽度和肌层厚度没有显著影响。2.4%精氨酸组前肠皱襞高度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),1.8%精氨酸组中肠和后肠皱襞高度显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。1.2%、1.8%和2.4%组肠体指数显著高于对照组(P <0.05),2.4%精氨酸组肠长指数显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。各组前、中、后肠肠绒毛密度没有显著差异,且排列较整齐。【结论】高淀粉饲料中添加1.8%~2.4%精氨酸可以增加松浦镜鲤肠道消化酶活性,同时改善了松浦镜鲤的肠道形态结构。     

2种乳酸菌对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及消化酶、免疫酶活性的影响

【目的】研究配合饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别按1.0×10~8、3.0×10~8、5.0×10~8cfu/g单独喷洒乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌两种菌,制作6种饲料,投喂初始体质量(10.66±0.09)g的健康军曹鱼幼鱼10周,以基础饲料为对照组,测定幼鱼生长性能、消化酶和免疫酶指标。【结果】与对照组比,乳酸菌组幼鱼饵料系数降低(P0.05),增重率和特定生长率呈现先升后降的变化趋势,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳酸杆菌添加组的增重率和特定生长率整体显著高于粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05),在3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌添加组达到最大值;乳酸菌组的淀粉酶(AMS)、胰蛋白酶(TRY)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两种乳酸菌添加组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性高于对照组,而丙二醛(MAD)活性显著低于对照(P0.05)。【结论】以喷洒方式在饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌,可显著提高军曹鱼的生长性能、消化能力和非特异性免疫力,影响效果与添加量和添加乳酸菌种类有关,乳酸杆菌对军曹鱼的相关作用效果优于粪肠球菌,以3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌的效果最佳。     

大豆酶解蛋白对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究大豆酶解蛋白对幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基础饲料添加质量分数0(对照)、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%大豆酶解蛋白,配制8种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾56 d。【结果】1.5%组的增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于2.0%—4.0%添加组(P0.05);1.0%和1.5%组全虾粗蛋白质含量高于对照组(P0.05),对照、1.0%和1.5%组蛋白质沉积率高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高肌肉磷含量(P0.05),3.0%组最大;1.0%、1.5%和2.0%组血清胆固醇含量低于对照组(P0.05);饲料中添加1.5%~4.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中溶菌酶活性(P0.05),添加1.0%~3.0%大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中酚氧化物酶活性(P0.05),2.5%和3.0%组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性与1.0%和1.5%组血清中酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),2.5%组最大;哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7 d后,1.0%组累积死亡率最低。饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白未提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,添加剂量高于3.5%可导致生长性能下降,添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。【结论】饲料中添加大豆酶解蛋白不能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,高于3.5%添加组的生长性能下降;添加质量分数1.0%大豆酶解蛋白可明显提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。     

饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道结构、消化酶活性及表观消化率的影响

在基础饲料中添加质量分数0、0.02%、0.05%、0.20%、0.50%的褐藻酸寡糖,饲喂体质量(17.61±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L)70 d,研究褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道结构、消化酶活性及表观消化率的影响。结果表明:1)褐藻酸寡糖处理组的肠道微绒毛长度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),肠道皱襞高度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),杯状细胞大于对照组(P0.05);2)饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道内蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性影响无统计学意义(P0.05),0.02%和0.05%褐藻酸寡糖实验组中的脂肪酶活性与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3)褐藻酸寡糖对饲料干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率以及脂肪消化率影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。在大菱鲆饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖可增大肠道杯状细胞,促进肠道脂肪酶活性,但对肠绒毛长度,皱襞高度,淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性,表观消化率无影响。     

酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究含非蛋白氮(L)、不含非蛋白氮(N)的2种酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinepheluslanceolatu♂)生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能和抗病能力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0%(对照C0组),2%、4%酵母培养物L(L1、L2组)以及2%、4%的酵母培养物N(N1、N2组),配制成5组等氮等脂饲料,饲喂珍珠龙胆石斑鱼56 d,测定石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、免疫力指标;观察肠道形态结构;用哈维氏弧菌对实验鱼进行攻毒,研究实验鱼抗病力。【结果】养殖实验结束后,N1和N2组珍珠龙胆石斑鱼存活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组的干物质、粗蛋白和灰分含量显著提高(P 0.05),而粗脂肪含量以N1组显著增加(P 0.05)。N1和N2组的消化酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组鱼血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和免疫球蛋白活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而葡萄糖、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和丙二醛活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。N2组溶菌酶、甘油三脂和胆固醇与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。N1和N2组肠绒毛高度显著提高,肠绒毛宽度显著增加(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼对哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的抵抗力增强,N2组的累积存活率最高。【结论】在本研究条件下,以增重率、免疫指标和累积存活率为判据,饲料中添加质量分数4%发酵底物不含非蛋白氮的酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、免疫和抗病能力的促进作用最显著。     

复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响

在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。     

外源酶制剂对黄颡鱼稚鱼消化酶活性、消化率及粪便氮磷含量的影响

在以鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕和双低菜籽粕为蛋白源的实用饲料中分别添加植酸酶1 000 IU/kg和复合酶制剂400 mg/kg,饲喂初始体质量为(1.02±0.01)g的黄颡鱼稚鱼56 d,探讨外源酶制剂对稚鱼消化酶活性、消化率及粪便氮、磷含量的影响。结果表明:与对照组比较,二实验组稚鱼胃蛋白酶活性均高于对照组(P0.05),植酸酶组稚鱼肠道蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶活性高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。植酸酶组稚鱼对饲料干物质、粗蛋白质、总能、灰分和磷表观消化率高于对照组,灰分和磷表观消化率也高于复合酶组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);复合酶组稚鱼对饲料粗脂肪、总能表观消化率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组稚鱼粪便氮含量与对照组均差异无统计学意义(P0.05);植酸酶组稚鱼粪便磷含量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在稚鱼实用饲料中添加植酸酶可提高消化道消化酶活性,提高其对饲料营养物质的表观消化率,减少粪便磷排放。     

饲料中添加4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】研究4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加姜黄素(50 mg/kg)、复方中草药Ⅰ(板蓝根、大黄,5 g/kg)、复方中草药Ⅱ(黄芩、黄柏、大黄、大青叶,5 g/kg)、复方中草药Ⅲ(辣蓼、青蒿、苍耳草、赤小豆、苦杏仁,5 g/kg),连续饲喂初始体质量(19.53±5) g大口黑鲈幼鱼60d,表观饱食投喂,每天投喂2次。【结果】饲料中添加4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼成活率、特定生长率、饲料系数的影响不显著(P0.05);饲料中添加复方中草药Ⅱ显著提高血浆SOD活性(P0.05),复方中草药Ⅲ显著增高肝脏中脂肪含量(P0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加适量的4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长不造成不利影响,复方中草药Ⅱ可提高机体抗氧化能力,但复方中草药Ⅲ会加大幼鱼肝脏病变风险。     

复方中草药对虹鳟免疫保护力的影响

【目的】研究复方中草药对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肝脏免疫功能及肠道免疫相关基因的影响。【方法】将红枣提取物、山药提取物和黄芪提取物按照质量比1∶1∶1混合,分别按质量分数0(对照)、0.3%、0.6%和1.2%添加到虹鳟基础饲料中,饲喂体长7.6~8.9 cm的虹鳟幼鱼56 d。用副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus)对幼鱼进行攻毒试验(5.48×10⁶ cfu/尾),4 d后,取其肝脏和肠道,测定肝脏的生理生化指标,用半定量PCR及荧光定量PCR测定肠道免疫相关基因的表达。【结果】与对照组比较,肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),溶菌酶(LZM)水平极显著升高(P<0.01),酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著降低(P<0.01),0.6%剂量组的丙二醛(MDA)极显著降低(P<0.01),而SOD无显著差异(P>0.05);各复方中草药组肠道的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及1.2%剂量组转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)转录水平极显著降低(P<0.01),0.3%和0.6%剂量组的补体3(C3)转录水平显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】复方中草药(红枣+山药+黄芪)可提高感染副溶血弧菌的虹鳟非特异性免疫功能。     

酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】探讨高蛋白酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%酵母培养物(记为Y0、Y2.5、Y5.0和Y7.5组),分别替代质量分数0、10%、20%和30%的鱼粉,配制4种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾(初始体质量0.70±0.03 g)56 d后,测定对虾生长性能、血清生化及免疫酶指标;用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)攻毒,测定对虾累计死亡率。【结果】Y2.5和Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率与Y0组的差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾摄食率显著高于Y0和Y2.5组(P 0.05);Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾血清甘油三酯含量显著低于Y0组(P0.05),Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾血清谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于Y0、Y2.5组(P 0.05),血清总胆固醇显著低于Y0、Y2.5组(P 0.05);酵母培养物替代饲料中20%和30%的鱼粉可显著提高对虾攻毒前肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性(P 0.05),Y7.5组对虾肝胰腺丙二醛含量在哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒后显著低于Y0组(P 0.05);攻毒7 d后,Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾累积死亡率显著低于Y0组(P0.05)。【结论】酵母培养物替代鱼粉比例小于20%时,不会显著影响凡纳滨对虾生长性能;替代比例为30%时,生长受抑制。当替代量比例为30%时可显著提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗病力。     

酵母培养物对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0(对照)和0.30%的酵母培养物,配制2种等氮等脂饲料(分别记为Y0、Y0.3组),投喂初始体质量为(1.20±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)56 d。提取凡纳滨对虾肠道总DNA,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序比较样品菌群组成和多样性,研究饲料中添加酵母培养物对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响。结果表明,Y0.3组对虾肠道分类单元(OTUs)数量、丰富度指数(Chao1、ACE值)、多样性指数(Shannon、np Shannon指数)与Y0组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);从物种分类树发现,两组的主要细菌类群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其中,γ-变形菌纲是对虾肠道的最主要菌群,所占比例达69.48%;从科分类水平看,Y0.3组对虾肠道菌群链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)比Y0组提高4.98%;从优势属水平来看,Y0.3组对虾肠道的乳球菌属(Lactococcus)高于Y0组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Y0.3组对虾肠道的发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)低于Y0组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。饲料中添加质量分数0.30%酵母培养物可改善凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性。     

Biodegradation of Enteromorpha Polysaccharides by Intestinal Micro-Community from Siganus oramin

Micro-communities are supposed to have more potential functions of biodegradation of polysaccharides than single strain; however, the intestinal micro-communities involved in the biodegradation of Enteromorpha polysaccharides(EP) were seldom reported. In order to obtain the EP-degrading micro-community, the intestines of Siganus oramin was obtained to isolate the micro-communities, which were enriched by 0.3% of EP as the sole carbon source. A stable micro-community with EP degradative capability was achieved after seven generations of subculture, named H1. Results showed that H1 was able to degrade 75% of EP within 24 hours, and the activity of EP lyases reached 500 U m L~(-1) in 32 hours. With denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and 16 S r RNA gene clone library analysis, ten bacteria closely related to Marinomonas pontica, Microbacterium sp., Leucobacter chironomi, Cyclobacterium sp., Algoriphagus winogradskyi, Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were determined. Furthermore, compared with the DGGE bands sequence and the clone library analysis, the dominant bacteria of the EP-biodegrading micro-community were Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp., with the respective proportion of 38% and 46%, and they should play an important role in EP degradation together with other degrading bacteria in the micro-community H1.     

具有多种胞外酶的对虾肠道黏附菌的分离和鉴定

用对虾饲料培养基从健康凡纳滨对虾肠道分离出500株黏附细菌,以产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶能力为指标,筛选出产该3种消化酶的细菌90株,占总菌株的18%.对其中生长较快的69株进行16S rDNA 基因测序,确定其分类地位.结果显示,69株菌分别属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、利斯顿氏菌属(Listonella)、莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)等,其中数量最多是芽胞杆菌属,占鉴定细菌总数的53.62%,数量最少是气单胞菌属和嗜盐单胞菌属,均占鉴定细菌总数的2.90%.表明对虾肠道黏附菌群中具有较多能分泌多种消化酶的细菌,可进一步开发为促进对虾消化功能的益生菌     

Intestinal microbiota of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in a recirculating aquaculture system

The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon( Salmo salar L.), the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota. The V4–V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16 S r RNA genes in the samples were analyzed by Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing. The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight. Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified. The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fishincluded Proteobacteria(44.33%), Actinobacteria(17.89%), Bacteroidetes(15.25%), and Firmicutes(9.11%), among which the families Micrococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera S phingomonas, Streptomyces, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, Burkholderia, and Balneimonas were most abundant. Proteobacteria(70.46%), Bacteroidetes(7.59%), and Firmicutes(7.55%) dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish, and Chloroflexi(2.71%), and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented. Overall, the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish. This study off ers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.     

温度和盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道两种抗氧化酶活力的联合效应

采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法研究温度(12~34℃)和盐度(0~26)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼(体长4.20±0.10 cm,体质量2.42±0.15 g)肠道超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalane,CAT)的联合效应。结果表明:1)温度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT活力的线性效应和累积效应均极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD活力线性效应显著(P<0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);盐度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道CAT活力线性效应不显著(P>0.05),累积效应极显著(P<0.01);温度和盐度对SOD活力的互作效应极显著(P<0.01),对CAT活力的互作效应不显著(P>0.05)。2)响应曲面法分析表明,随着温度和盐度的增大,两种抗氧化酶的活力均呈先减小后增大的趋势。3)建立两种抗氧化酶活力与温度、盐度间关系的模型方程(SOD:决定系数R2=0.992 9,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.939 2,P<0.01;CAT:决定系数R2=0.948 5,预测决定系数R2Pred.=0.647 1,P<0.01),两模型方程可用于预测吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肠道SOD和CAT的活力。4)优化结果显示,温度为24.15℃,盐度为11.75时,SOD活力最小值为9.80 U/mg,CAT活力最小值为9.28 U/mg,满意度函数值高达0.961。     

Supplementation of Yeast Extract to Practical Diet Improves the Growth,Anti-Oxidative Capacity and Intestinal Morphology of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Two control diets based on the commercial formula were designed to contain high(27%, D1) and low(22%, D2) levels of fish meal, respectively. Into D2, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg~(-1) of yeast extract were added, respectively, yielding three experimental diets(YE1 through YE3). Shrimp(initial body weight 0.30 g ± 0.02 g) were fed with the experimental diets, five tanks each diet and 30 shrimp individuals each tank, for 8 weeks, and then challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that the specific growth rate(SGR) of shrimp in D2 was significantly lower than that of shrimp in D1(P 0.05). The SGR of shrimp in YE3 was similar to that of shrimp in D1. The feed intake of shrimp was similar between D1 and D2. The feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp were similar among all diets(P 0.05). YE significantly improved the activity of glutathione S-transferase. The concentration of glutathione(GSH) and the total serum anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) of D1 were significantly higher than those of shrimp feeding other diets(P 0.05). The content of serum malondialdehyde of shrimp feeding YE2 and YE3 was significantly lower than that of shrimp feeding D2(P 0.05). The thickness of intestine muscular layer of shrimp feeding YE1 and YE2 was similar to that of shrimp feeding D1. The shrimp feeding YE1 showed the highest villus height of intestine among all groups. The cumulative mortality after challenging was similar among all groups(70.00%–86.67%)(P 0.05). In conclusion, 1000–1500 mg kg~(-1) of YE was suggested to be supplemented into the practical diets to improve the growth, anti-oxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of shrimp L. vannamei.     

复方中草药对吉富罗非鱼生长及肠道菌群的影响

将A、B、C三种复方中草药分别按质量分数1.5%的比例添加到罗非鱼商品饲料中,喂养初始体重约16.58±0.48g的吉富罗非罗28d,通过测定罗非鱼的增重率、饲料系数、肠道菌群等指标,研究三种复方中草药制剂对罗非鱼生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。结果显示:三种复方中草药制剂对罗非鱼的增重率、成活率、饲料系数等生长性能指标虽无显著影响(P>0.05),但与对照组相比,添加1.5%的复方中草药制剂C可使吉富罗非鱼的增重率提高10.82%,饲料系数降低4.71%,蛋白质效率提高15.68%;三种复方中草药制剂均可显著促进罗非鱼肠道细菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的生长(P<0.05),C方中草药制剂还可显著抑制大肠杆菌生长(P<0.05)。结果表明,C方中草药制剂可显著促进罗非鱼肠道中乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌生长,从而有效促进罗非鱼生长。     

Effects of Dietary Stachyose on Growth Performance,Digestive Enzyme Activities and Intestinal Morphology of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot.