刻图膜片的公害问题及其对策

刻图膜片目前仍是我国地图制图生产中常用的胶片材料之一，国内年需求量在8000公斤以上。但是，过去一直沿用的刻图膜片，是将有机溶剂型涂料涂布于片基上制得的，其涂料以及由此涂料所形成的涂层中含有毒性成分，所以在生产和使用中会造成对环境的污染和对人体的毒害。为此，我们对原有刻图膜片的毒性问题做了分析，提出了克服这一问题的对策，研制开发了新型换代产品。1．原有到国膜片的公害问题分析目前．国内使用的基本上都是Ⅱ型刻图膜片，尽管有几个不同的涂布厂生产，但所用涂料配方都是由化工部涂料研究所和西安测绘研究所于80年代…     

综合测绘系统的建立与应用

综合测绘系统是新型的测绘手段，实现了从野外数据采集、数据处理到数据库建立和图表自动输出全数据流程的工作方式。它由野外测绘工作站和室内计算机处理系统两部分组成。野外测绘工作站完成野外观测读数的自动采集、实时处理、现场编码和记录存贮，并具有异步通讯和数据拷盘等数据输出形式。室内计算机处理系统依据野外数据编码和测站工作草图，对野外测量数据进行打印、计算、整理、图形编辑等数据处理工作，建立测绘数据库，最终输出形式多样、比例尺可变的地图和各类数据表册。     

惯性／地形匹配组合导航系统的一种故障诊断方法

本文提出了一种基于突变点检测的惯性／地形匹配组合导航系统故障诊断方法以提高低空飞行器导航精度和可靠性。同现有的故障诊断方法相比，该方法的假设条件在实际导航应用中是可以实现的。该方法的基本思想是：(1)对地形匹配输出信息进行突变点检测，并将之分割成若干个子区，由此可诊断出在突变点附近地形匹配是否出现故障；(2)利用短时间内的惯性导航信息，对若干个地形匹配子区信息进行故障分析和检验，从而获得地形匹配的正确输出、错误输出以及不确定输出信息；(3)对地形匹配的不确定输出信息继续进行分割处理，直至地形匹配不确定输出信息无法继续分割为止。仿真试验结果和空中飞行试验数据处理结果表明，采用本文提出的方法不仅可以有效地剔除地形匹配故障信息，而且可以很好地界定正确地形匹配输出与错误地形匹配输出。     

卤化银明室片及其在地图制印中的应用

卤化银明室片及其在地图制印中的应用叶泰棋（中国测绘研究院１０００３９）近１０多年来，随着影像科学技术及银盐、非银盐、电子三大成像体系的不断进步，在图像处理、电子出版、四色拼版输出方面，复制胶片的销售量以每年１％～２％的速度增长。图像复制的质量与所用感...     

GIS中地图输出的表现形式

在分析GIS中数字地图输出新特点的基础上，讨论了GIS中地图输出中的屏幕显示输出和基于PostScript语言与RIP技术的硬拷贝输出两种主要表现形式。最后简单介绍了在Internet网络上进行地图输出的优点和解决办法。     

多类别遥感图像的复合分类方法

多类别识别对于遥感图像分类的实用化具有重大意义。本文提出一种由多层神经网络与无监督分类相结合的复合分类方法。第一步用多层网络对几个大类进行有监督分类，第二步将网络输出作为无监督分类的输入，对遥感图像进行细分，使得可识别的类别数从原来的１０类提高到３０类。对ＳＰＯＴ遥感图像识别的结果表明，该算法能适应多类别识别任务的要求。     

地图数据库图形输出中要素关系处理

本文提出了利用地图数据库的检索功能，建立要素图形输出的定量优先级、地理要素图形大小，及基于地图数据库的图形冲突位置的探测方法，并将要素图形输出中的关系划分为五种进行分别处理。     

高程控制网结点法平差程序

目前，微机在测量上的应用绝不亚于当年的Pc-1500，但微机上所用的测量程序大多由PC-1500上的程序改化而来，程序冗长，结构性、可读性差，人机交互界面不友好，原先PC--1500程序也因输出幅面太小而对图形输出一般不予考虑，这不能说不是一大缺憾，本文以高程网为例，摒弃PC—1500之BASIC，采用简单高效C语言编程，从原理入手．设计了一个中文界面友好，输出美观、速度极快，易学易用的实用结点法平差程序。供同行参考。     

多波段遥感数据的自组织神经网络降维分类研究

介绍了基于聚类分析的自组织特征映射神经网络分类方法，神经网络的输出层结构选用了3D结构，可以更好地保持多波段遥感数据中的内在拓扑结构；并选择天津大港地区的AsTER数据中的9个波段作为试验数据，通过对验证点的统计，分类精度达到了94％以上。     

ARMA模型的MEMS陀螺随机误差卡尔曼补偿方法

针对微机械(MEMS)陀螺仪的随机误差导致其输出信噪比低的问题,该文提出一种基于ARMA模型的随机误差卡尔曼补偿方法。该方法通过对MEMS陀螺仪输出的原始信号进行均值化处理和趋势项提取后,分别采用轮次检验法和Jarque Bera检验法对随机序列平稳性和正态性进行检验,建立时间序列ARMA模型并采用卡尔曼状态方程对陀螺随机漂移进行补偿。6次卡尔曼滤波对比实验结果表明,MEMS陀螺仪信号幅度随着滤波次数增加而减小,滤波后的均值由2.454 4E-4减小到-4.830 0E-5,标准差由1.654 7减小到0.003 6,随机漂移被有效抑制。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。