基于Lévy飞行的粒子群算法在大地电磁反演中的应用

粒子群优化算法在大地电磁测深反演中相较于一般的线性反演算法具有多种优点。然而标准粒子群算法在多维优化问题中存在早熟问题,为此,采用基于Lévy飞行随机游走策略的优化粒子群算法来处理局部最优解,增加寻优能力。通过对地电模型的反演对比表明,改进后的粒子群算法相较于标准粒子群算法适应度值下降速度更快、寻优能力更好。最后将该算法应用于已知钻孔旁实测数据,结果较好,表明该算法具有较好的实用性。     

基于自适应粒子群优化算法的波阻抗反演方法

针对地震勘探资料依赖线性优化方法进行波阻抗反演不易得到全局极值的问题,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法-自适应粒子群优化算法进行波阻抗反演。自适应粒子群优化算法是以群智能优化理论为基础,通过3种可能移动方向的带权值组合进行全局寻优。该方法搜索速度较快,且具有较强的全局寻优能力。通过函数测试和波阻抗反演的应用,结果表明,自适应粒子群优化算法是一种适应能力较强的全局优化算法,用该方法进行波阻抗反演是可行有效的。      

基于MPSO的RBF耦合算法的桩基动测参数辨识

变异粒子群优化算法（MPSO）是一种基于群体智能的改进全局优化技术,其优势在于减小陷入局部极值的机率,增加全局搜索能力。将变异粒子群算法与径向基函数（RBF）神经网络结构进行结合,建立了变异粒子群神经网络（MPSO-RBF）耦合算法,充分发挥了MPSO算法的全局寻优能力和RBF算法的局部搜索优势。数值计算结果表明,所建立的方法能够对桩基动测进行多参数的识别和非线性优化问题的求解,具有良好全局收敛能力,是一种行之有效的智能算法。     

改进量子粒子群算法在水电站群优化调度中的应用

针对量子粒子群算法求解水电站群优化调度问题存在的早熟收敛、寻优能力欠佳等缺陷,从种群初始化、进化和变异等方面提出了改进量子粒子群算法。该方法引入混沌搜索增强初始种群质量;通过加权更新种群最优位置中心改善种群进化模式并提升收敛速度;利用邻域变异搜索增加种群多样性避免早熟收敛。同时依据问题特点设计了矩阵实数编码方式与复杂约束处理方法。乌江梯级综合对比分析表明所提方法能切实保证快速获得高质量优化调度结果,有效提高梯级水能利用率,如长序列模拟调度较逐步优化算法分别减少8.9%的弃水和72.3%的耗时,是一种适用于大规模水电站群优化调度的高效实用方法。     

电阻率层析成像的二维改进粒子群优化算法反演

粒子群优化算法(PSO)是通过模拟鸟群觅食过程中的社会行为而提出的一种基于群体智能的全局随机搜索算法,已有研究学者证明PSO算法是一种有效的地球物理反演方法,不依赖初始模型。此次在研究常规粒子群算法的基础上,针对常规粒子群优化算法易于陷于局部极值,后期收敛速度慢,反演精度不高等缺点,提出了一种改进的充分混沌振荡粒子群优化算法。针对粒子群算法的特点,改进速度更新公式,使粒子更快获取与当前全局最好位置的差异,增强粒子的学习能力,并用此算法在matlab2012b编程环境中对均匀半空间电阻率层析成像异常体理论模型进行了二维数值试验。结果表明,此种算法反演时不依赖初始模型,搜索空间增大,实现全局搜索,在准确性上优于标准PSO反演,成像质量优于Levenberg-Marquardt法反演。     

基于平均线性粒子群算法的人工神经网络在径流预报中的应用

人工神经网络具有很强的非线性处理能力,能够有效地模拟复杂的非线性径流预报过程。传统的基于BP训练算法的人工神经网络具有训练时间较长,容易陷于局部最优值等缺陷,本文对训练算法加以改进,分别使用平均线性粒子群,粒子群和BP算法来优化人工神经网络的各项参数,首先使用标准函数测试了3种算法的全局优化性能,然后用它们对三峡水库的入库径流进行预报,以比较它们的预报性能。结果表明,在3种算法中,平均线性粒子群算法全局寻优的速度最快,稳定性最高,基于平均线性粒子群算法的人工神经网络的径流预报的精度也最高。     

位移反分析的粒子群优化-高斯过程协同优化方法

针对采用随机全局优化技术进行岩土工程位移反分析存在数值计算量大、效率低的问题,将粒子群优化算法与高斯过程机器学习技术相结合,提出了位移反分析的粒子群优化-高斯过程协同优化方法。该方法利用全局寻优性能优异的粒子群优化算法进行寻优的基础上,采用高斯过程机器学习模型不断地总结历史经验,预测包含全局最优解的最有前景区域,通过提高粒子群搜索效率并降低适应度评价次数,进而有效地降低位移反分析过程中的数值计算工作量。多种测试函数的数学验证和工程算例的研究结果表明该方法是可行的,与传统方法相比较,可显著地降低位移反分析的计算耗时。     

水文地质参数反演的Hooke-Jeeves粒子群混合算法

水文地质参数寻优结果的好坏会直接影响到地下水数值模拟的精度,而参数寻优结果很大程度上取决于寻优方法的选择。粒子群算法是一种基于群智能的随机全局寻优方法,算法的缺陷是后期搜索效率低劣。基于随机寻优算法的混合策略,引入有效的约束处理手段和粒子群算法惯性因子的动态非线性调整技术,有机融合粒子群算法与Hooke-Jeeves方法,提出一种适用于水文地质参数反演的HJPSO混合算法。应用研究表明,HJPSO混合算法在参数反演计算中求解精度高、收敛速度快、寻优性能强,是一种值得推广的水文地质参数识别方法。     

地下水污染源反演的Hooke Jeeves吸引扩散粒子群混合算法

根据污染物质量浓度监测数据进行地下水污染源反演是一类典型的地下水逆问题,该问题可转化为决策变量为污染源位置和强度的最优化问题进行求解。基于Hooke-Jeeves粒子群混合算法,引入吸引扩散粒子群(ARPSO)算法的粒子群发散算子,保证混合算法的种群多样性,并提出HJ-ARPSO混合算法,再结合地下水污染物迁移模型MT3DMS反演地下水污染源的位置和强度信息。在已知污染源位置和未知污染源位置两种情形下,分别利用HJ-ARPSO算法、HJ-PSO算法和GA算法进行地下水污染源反演。在两种情形下,HJ-ARPSO算法均具有较高的寻优成功率(分别对应为100%和90%);与之相比,未引入粒子群发散算子的HJ-PSO算法在未知污染源位置情形下其寻优成功率迅速降为60%;GA算法寻优效率则最低。算例结果表明,HJ-ARPSO算法是一种有效的地下水污染源反演优化算法。     

仿生算法在地下水模型反演中的应用现状与展望

求解地下水逆问题是水文地质学研究的重要内容,传统的基于非线性优化技术的求解地下水逆问题的方法存在收敛速度慢,寻优效率低,易陷入局部最优的缺点。基于模仿生物功能和习性而开发的人工神经网络、遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群算法、入侵杂草算法、免疫算法、混合蛙跳算法、人工蜂群算法、萤火虫算法、蝙蝠算法、布谷鸟算法和果蝇优化算法、蚊子算法、螳螂算法、人工鱼群算法、捕鱼策略算法等仿生算法具有很强的优化能力和寻优效率。人工神经网络、遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群算法等4种仿生算法在求解地下水逆问题的应用实践表明,这些方法可以按较大的概率找到全局最优解,且收敛速度较快。确定适当的目标函数转换形式和算法参数,其它仿生算法也完全可以用于地下水模型反演。从这些算法的理论和已应用于其它领域的实践来看,仿生算法在求解地下水逆问题中具有广阔前景。     

混沌人工鱼群算法在重力坝材料参数反演中的应用

首先介绍了一种随机搜索优化方法-人工鱼群算法（AFSA）,同时根据混沌（CHAOS）的遍历性和随机性等特点,将混沌系统和人工鱼群算法相结合形成了一种新的融合优化算法-混沌人工鱼群算法（CAFSA）。将混沌人工鱼群算法应用到混凝土大坝材料参数反演中。经算例分析表明,与人工鱼群算法相比较,混沌人工鱼群算法具有收敛快、效率高和结果精度高等优点。从而为解决类似的系统优化和参数识别问题提供了一种新的方法。     

基于引力搜索法的隧道围岩微震定位研究

针对目前深埋隧道围岩微震源定位难且精度不高等问题,采用启发式算法——引力搜索法（GSA）对隧道围岩微震源位置进行搜索,并将该算法与粒子群算法和单纯形法的搜索结果进行对比。发现在双速度模型和三速度模型下,引力搜索法相较于粒子群算法和单纯形法,都具有快速收敛、精度较高的优点,且与震源位置的距离能够控制在10 m以内。对双速度模型,引力搜索法的精度相对于单纯形法提高了83.71%,相对于粒子群算法提高了7.77%。对三速度模型,引力搜索法的精度相对于单纯形法提高了70.67%,相对于粒子群算法提高了39.36%。可见,该方法为深埋隧道微围岩震源定位提供了一种新思路。     

Hybrid differential evolution and particle swarm optimization for optimal well placement

There is no gainsaying that determining the optimal number, type, and location of hydrocarbon reservoir wells is a very important aspect of field development planning. The reason behind this fact is not farfetched—the objective of any field development exercise is to maximize the total hydrocarbon recovery, which for all intents and purposes, can be measured by an economic criterion such as the net present value of the reservoir during its estimated operational life-cycle. Since the cost of drilling and completion of wells can be significantly high (millions of dollars), there is need for some form of operational and economic justification of potential well configuration, so that the ultimate purpose of maximizing production and asset value is not defeated in the long run. The problem, however, is that well optimization problems are by no means trivial. Inherent drawbacks include the associated computational cost of evaluating the objective function, the high dimensionality of the search space, and the effects of a continuous range of geological uncertainty. In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are applied to well placement problems. The results emanating from both algorithms are compared with results obtained by applying a third algorithm called hybrid particle swarm differential evolution (HPSDE)—a product of the hybridization of DE and PSO algorithms. Three cases involving the placement of vertical wells in 2-D and 3-D reservoir models are considered. In two of the three cases, a max-mean objective robust optimization was performed to address geological uncertainty arising from the mismatch between real physical reservoir and the reservoir model. We demonstrate that the performance of DE and PSO algorithms is dependent on the total number of function evaluations performed; importantly, we show that in all cases, HPSDE algorithm outperforms both DE and PSO algorithms. Based on the evidence of these findings, we hold the view that hybridized metaheuristic optimization algorithms (such as HPSDE) are applicable in this problem domain and could be potentially useful in other reservoir engineering problems.     

Optimization of well placement by combination of a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm and quality map method

Determining the optimum placement of new wells in an oil field is a crucial work for reservoir engineers. The optimization problem is complex due to the highly nonlinearly correlated and uncertain reservoir performances which are affected by engineering and geologic variables. In this paper, the combination of a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm and quality map method (QM + MPSO), modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSO), standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (SPSO), and centered-progressive particle swarm optimization (CP-PSO) are applied for optimization of well placement. The SPSO, CP-PSO, and MPSO algorithms are first discussed, and then the modified quality map method is discussed, and finally the implementation of these four methods for well placement optimization is described. Four example cases which involve depletion drive model, water injection model, and a real field reservoir model, with the maximization of net present value (NPV) as the objective function are considered. The physical model used in the optimization analyses is a 3-dimensional implicit black-oil model. Multiple runs of all methods are performed, and the results are averaged in order to achieve meaningful comparisons. In the case of optimizing placement of a single producer well, it is shown that it is not necessary to use the quality map to initialize the position of well placement. In other cases considered, it is shown that the QM + MPSO method outperforms MPSO method, and MPSO method outperforms SPSO and CP-PSO method. Taken in total, the modification of SPSO method is effective and the applicability of QM + MPSO for this challenging problem is promising     

Prediction of river flow using hybrid neuro-fuzzy models

The complex nature of hydrological phenomena, like rainfall and river flow, causes some limitations for some admired soft computing models in order to predict the phenomenon. Evolutionary algorithms (EA) are novel methods that used to cover the weaknesses of the classic training algorithms, such as trapping in local optima, poor performance in networks with large parameters, over-fitting, and etc. In this study, some evolutionary algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization for continuous domain (ACO_R), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), have been used to train adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in order to predict river flow. For this purpose, classic and hybrid ANFIS models were trained using river flow data obtained from upstream stations to predict 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day ahead river flow of downstream station. The best inputs were selected using correlation coefficient and a sensitivity analysis test (cosine amplitude). The results showed that PSO improved the performance of classic ANFIS in all the periods such that the averages of coefficient of determination, R², root mean square error, RMSE (m³/s), mean absolute relative error, MARE, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) were improved up to 0.19, 0.30, 43.8, and 0.13%, respectively. Classic ANFIS was only capable to predict river flow in 1-day ahead while EA improved this ability to 5-day ahead. Cosine amplitude method was recognized as an appropriate sensitivity analysis method in order to select the best inputs.     

S-wave velocity profiling from refraction microtremor Rayleigh wave dispersion curves via PSO inversion algorithm

The refraction microtremor method has been increasingly used as an appealing tool for investigating near surface S-wave structure. However, inversion, as a main stage in processing refraction microtremor data, is challenging for most local search methods due to its high nonlinearity. With the development of data optimization approaches, fast and easier techniques can be employed for processing geophysical data. Recently, particle swarm optimization algorithm has been used in many fields of studies. Use of particle swarm optimization in geophysical inverse problems is a relatively recent development which offers many advantages in dealing with the nonlinearity inherent in such applications. In this study, the reliability and efficiency of particle swarm optimization algorithm in the inversion of refraction microtremor data were investigated. A new framework was also proposed for the inversion of refraction microtremor Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. First, particle swarm optimization code in MATLAB was developed; then, in order to evaluate the efficiency and stability of proposed algorithm, two noise-free and two noise-corrupted synthetic datasets were inverted. Finally, particle swarm optimization inversion algorithm in refraction microtremor data was applied for geotechnical assessment in a case study in the area in city of Tabriz in northwest of Iran. The S-wave structure in the study area successfully delineated. Then, for evaluation, the estimated Vs profile was compared with downhole data available around of the considered area. It could be concluded that particle swarm optimization inversion algorithm is a suitable technique for inverting microtremor waves.