云南思茅盆地钾盐矿床的深源浅储成因模式——来自于Sr同位素的证据

【研究目的】思茅盆地赋存有中国唯一的前第四纪固体钾盐矿床,该矿床的成因一直存在争议。客观地认识矿床成因、合理地构建矿床成因模式,不仅是钾盐矿床学研究中亟需解决的基础科学问题,而且关乎盆地内钾盐资源勘查方向的选择。【研究方法】本项研究以思茅盆地L-2井和MZK-3井的盐岩、盐岩上覆和下伏碎屑岩、盐岩中的碎屑岩为主要研究对象,重点分析其锶同位素地球化学特征。【研究结果】结果表明：（1）L-2井全岩样品⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.708220~0.727458,平均值为0.712776;盐岩水不溶物⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.711342~0.741999,平均值为0.716574;（2）MZK-3井盐岩上覆碎屑岩层⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.713318~0.723147,平均值为0.717255;盐岩下伏碎屑岩层⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.712470~0.738988,平均值为0.719307;（3）碎屑岩样品经过87Rb校正恢复至初始沉积状态的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.710880~0.727678,平均值为0.712828;（4）盐岩样品⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值全部明显小于大陆地表风化系统的平均值,有个别样品⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值大于现代海水。【结论】基于思茅盆地基础地质和钾盐矿床地质已有的研究成果,结合盐岩和碎屑岩锶同位素地球化学特征,可以得出：思茅盆地含钾盐岩与碎屑岩处于不同的锶同位素平衡体系;含钾盐岩的物源主体为海水,成盐过程中陆源淡水的补给可使⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值增大;碎屑岩沉积于陆相环境,在与固态盐岩或盐岩水溶液接触之前已处于早成岩阶段A亚期;钾盐的成矿模式为勐野井组沉积期深层源盐通过走滑拉分形成的断层迁移至地表,在由高处向汇水盆地迁移过程中捕获了处于早成岩阶段A亚期的碎屑颗粒,形成了现今的含泥砾盐岩;部分含泥砾盐岩在迁移进入汇水盆地之后,经历了溶解-重结晶的过程,形成了盆地内成分较纯的盐岩;后续沉积的碎屑颗粒形成了防止盐岩溶蚀破坏的保护层;新生代的喜山运动使早期形成的钾盐矿床发生调整改造。     

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层成因研究

玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造,东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育,中部平台区断层不发育,导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀,形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型;而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负,说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值（均大于0.7094）,因而被解释为热液成因,进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。     

蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩主要出露于青山群八亩地组和方戈庄组中。火山岩SiO₂含量为53.71%~69.08%,主要为安山质岩石和流纹岩,以钙碱性系列为主(σ平均3.42);富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素;具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t)=0.7051~0.7110,ε_Nd(t)=-5.16~-16.4)。根据MgO含量和Mg^﹟值,可将安山质火山岩划分为高镁(Mg^﹟>60)和低镁(Mg^﹟<60)两个系列。高镁安山质岩石的MgO、Cr、Ni及不相容元素的含量明显高于低镁安山质岩石,且具有相对高的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t)和较低的ε_Nd(t)值,Sr-Nd同位素组成趋向于EMⅡ型富集地幔端元。低镁安山质岩石地球化学特征类似于埃达克岩,其同位素组成介于EMⅠ型富集地幔端元与华北麻粒岩相下地壳之间。流纹岩具有较低的MgO、Cr、Ni含量和明显的负Eu、Sr异常,同位素组成类似于扬子中、上地壳。研究表明,蒙阴盆地高镁安山质岩石由曾遭受俯冲扬子陆壳熔体改造的华北岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成,且岩浆在上升 过程中经历了华北下地壳物质一定程度的混染或混合作用;低镁安山质岩石主要由华北下地壳部分熔融形成;流纹岩为岩石圈伸展减薄背景下仰冲至华北克拉通之上的扬子中、上地壳部分熔融的产物。地质现象显示,郯庐断裂带的伸展活动控制着蒙阴断陷盆地的发育,与蒙阴盆地早白垩世火山岩的成因有着密切的联系,在华北克拉通破坏中可能起到了重要的作用。     

滇东北松梁铅锌矿床成矿物质来源：来自S、Pb、Zn同位素的证据

川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿域内,碳酸盐岩容矿的热液铅锌矿床多达400个。松梁铅锌矿床地处滇东北与川东南的交接处,位于川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿域的核心部位;铅锌矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩内,矿体产出明显受断裂控制;矿石矿物组成简单,主要由闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿组成。文章重点研究了松梁铅锌矿床硫化物的S、Pb、Zn同位素组成,进而探讨了其成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究表明,松梁铅锌矿床的硫化物δ³⁴S_CDT值在+4.6‰~+13.7‰之间,平均值为+10.5‰,显示硫来源于赋矿围岩,为震旦系灯影组硫酸盐经TSR的产物;硫化物的Pb同位素比值为²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.158~18.513、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.633~15.895、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.096~38.786,反映成矿物质为壳源铅,源自震旦系灯影组白云岩与结晶基底的混合;闪锌矿的δ⁶⁶Zn为-0.126‰~+0.082‰,揭示成矿物质可能源自震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩和结晶基底的混合。松梁铅锌矿床为后生碳酸盐岩容矿型铅锌矿床。     

云南会泽铅锌矿灯影组矿石硫、铅同位素组成及找矿意义

会泽超大型铅锌矿床位于川滇黔铅锌成矿带的核心部位,矿体主要赋存于下石炭统大埔组白云岩中,少量产于上泥盆统宰格组白云岩中,近年来在深部上震旦统灯影组白云岩中新发现了铅锌矿化线索。本文在详细的野外地质调查与矿相学显微观察的基础上,针对灯影组矿石开展了系统的硫化物微区LA-MC-ICP-MS原位硫、铅同位素分析。结果表明,灯影组矿石的硫同位素值集中于－29.6‰~－22.2‰和+6.3‰~+18.8‰两个变化范围,表明硫主要来自碳酸盐岩地层中海相硫酸盐的热化学还原反应,少量由细菌化学还原反应生成。灯影组矿石的铅同位素比值²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别介于18.480~18.909、15.714~15.747、38.427~38.959,暗示铅为单一来源或混合较为均一的多源,并具有壳源特征。综合前人研究成果及成矿地质与地球化学特征,本文认为,会泽铅锌矿床应归属于MVT矿床。灯影组矿石的硫、铅同位素组成特征指示会泽铅锌矿床在“新层位”灯影组具有较好的找矿潜力。     

四川南江灯影组白云岩葡萄状构造成因分析

四川盆地南江震旦系灯影组以一套潮坪、台地边缘浅滩环境的白云岩为主,并在灯影组下部普遍发育葡萄状构造。空间上葡萄状构造由下往上呈弱发育→密集发育→交替发育→不发育,产出明显受到孔洞、缝的分布和形态控制。结合该区沉积、成岩演化史,认为灯影组中期存在一定时期的暴露过程和表生岩溶作用,葡萄状构造为表生大气淡水溶蚀-沉淀形成产物,是古暴露和古岩溶的重要标志。     

北祁连东段早古生代洋壳俯冲作用记录——来自晚奥陶世高镁埃达克岩的证据

具有特殊成因机制的埃达克质岩石是探究深部岩浆动力学过程与区域构造演化的重要岩石探针之一。本文对北祁连造山带东段宁夏南华山地区出露的石洼里花岗岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年龄、主量-微量元素及锆石原位Hf同位素分析,以探讨其岩石成因及地球动力学意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明石洼里花岗岩侵位年龄为452±4 Ma, 为晚奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有较高的SiO₂(68.60%~71.42%)、Al₂O₃(14.95%~15.75%)和Na₂O(5.06%~5.79%)含量,较低的K₂O(2.23%~3.10%)、MgO(0.91%~1.73%)含量和较高的Mg^# 值(55~59),属弱过铝质钙碱性系列岩石; 岩石具有高Ba(1 025×10^-6~1 250×10^-6)、Sr(324×10^-6~577×10^-6)和低Y(6.99×10^-6~7.69×10^-6)、Yb(0.65×10^-6~0.71×10^-6)含量,较高的Sr/Y(45~79)和(La/Yb)_N(17~31)值,且无明显Eu负异常。锆石εHf(t)值相对较高,变化范围为+0.5~+15.5。主量-微量元素及同位素分析结果表明石洼里花岗岩具有高镁埃达克岩的典型特征, 可能是在30~40 km深度的岛弧基性下地壳部分熔融的产物,其源区中可能存在早古生代的新生地壳。结合区内蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、弧岩浆岩的研究成果, 笔者认为受北祁连原特提斯洋北向俯冲影响,石洼里高镁埃达克岩形成于老虎山弧后盆地洋壳在晚奥陶世的南向俯冲过程中。     

东天山哈尔里克山区二叠纪高钾钙碱性花岗岩成因及地质意义

本文从岩石学、地球化学和同位素等方面讨论东天山克拉麦里-哈尔里克岛弧东段八大石和小铺东两个岩体的特征和成因。八大石岩体和小铺东岩体主要为二长花岗岩,SiO₂含量分别为61.92%~74.40%和69.17%~74.92%,K₂O+Na₂O的含量分别为6.50%~8.32%和7.74%~8.14%,绝大部分岩石具有高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征;∑REE分别为105×10^-6~210×10^-6和100×10^-6~172×10^-6,(La/Yb)_CN分别为4.1~8.9和9.1~15.3,配分模式右倾,δEu分别为0.40~0.93和0.59~0.80,为中-低负异常;两个岩体均富Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Hf、Zr等高场强元素,而贫Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti等。通过LA-ICP-MS分析得到八大石岩体中锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为298±2Ma,表明岩体形成于早二叠纪,计算得到八大石和小铺东岩体的模式年龄t_DM分别为944Ma和648Ma;八大石和小铺东岩体的ε_Nd(t)u分别为+3.06和+4.47,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i分别为0.70475和0.70384,表现出高ε_Nd(t)u 低(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i。综上所述,认为哈尔里克高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为碰撞后挤压-伸展转折阶段的产物,主要由来自新生地壳的中钾钙碱性岩浆经过结晶分异作用而成。     

西藏努林晚白垩世花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及成因

南冈底斯晚白垩世岩浆岩的成因及地球动力学机制一直存在争议。本文对冈底斯南缘努林花岗闪长岩开展地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及同位素示踪研究。结果显示,该岩体具有富SiO₂（66.62%～67.81%）、高Al₂O₃（15.11%～15.66%）、高Sr（>481×10^-6）,低Y（≤8.13×10^-6）和低Yb（≤0.73×10^-6）特征,Sr/Y比值达59～111,显示埃达克岩的特征;岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有显著的Eu正异常;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.704011～0.704244,ε_Nd（t）=＋3.61～＋5.75,总体反映地幔源区的Sr、Nd同位素特征。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年显示存在83Ma和89Ma两组年龄。结合地质及地球化学分析,认为努林花岗闪长岩是新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲引起的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

海拉尔盆地基底晚古生代adakite的发现及其地质意义

海拉尔盆地的前中生代基底隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。 在盆地基底地层中发现了具有adakite成分特征的粗面安山岩、英安岩和闪长玢岩。 这些火成岩与晚古生代沉积地层交互或伴生, 共同构成晚中生代裂陷盆地的基底。 地球化学研究表明, 这些火成岩基本上属于高钾钙碱性和准铝质岩石系列, 具有高SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量, 高Sr、Sr/Y和La/Yb值, 富集轻稀土(LREE), 亏损重稀土(HREE)、Y和高场强元素(HFSE),Eu表现弱的负异常或轻微的正异常, 相容元素Mg、Cr和Ni含量低, 这些特征与增厚下地壳部分熔融成因的adakite非常相似, 而明显不同于典型的由俯冲洋壳熔融形成的adakite。 样品的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值基本一致,为0.7041, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i值为0.51243~0.51247, ε_Nd (t)为正值(+3.7~+4.5), 显示其岩浆源区可能源于弱亏损地幔, 或亏损地幔受到地壳物质混染。 本文认为海拉尔地区晚古生代adakite型岩浆很可能是由当时新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过度或榴辉岩相条件下部分熔融形成。 这些adakite岩石的出现反映了兴蒙造山带晚古生代受到了古亚洲洋的俯冲消减引起的强烈的地幔玄武质岩浆底侵作用, 并由此导致地壳垂向上显著的增生加厚过程。     

Hydrothermal Dolomite in the Upper Sinian (Upper Proterozoic) Dengying Formation,East Sichuan Basin,China

Hydrothermal Dolomite （HTD） is present in the Upper Sinian （Upper Proterozoic） Dengying Formation, east Sichuan Basin, China. The strata are comprised by primary dolomite. The HTD has various textures, including zebra dolomite, subhorizontal sheet-like cavities filled by saddle dolomite and breccias cemented by saddle dolomites as well occur as a fill of veins and fractures. Also co-occur MVT type lead-zinc ores in the study area. The δ13C and δ18O isotopes of HTD in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation are lighter than those of the host rocks, while STSr/86Sr is higher. The apparent difference in carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, especially the large difference in S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes ratio indicate crystallization from hot basinal and/or hydrothermal fluids. Saddle dolomite was precipitated at temperatures of 270-320℃. The diagenetic parasequences of mineral assemblage deposited in the Dengying Formation are： （1） dolomite host rock →sphalerite-galena-barite-fluorite; （2） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →quartz; （3） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite→bitumen; （4） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →barite. The mean chemical composition of the host dolomite matrix and HTD didn＇t change much during hydrothermal process. The fluids forming the HTDs in the Dengying Formation were mixtures of freshwater from the unconformity at the top of Sinian, fluids from diagenetic compaction and hydrocarbon generation ＆ expulsion from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones or the Doushantuo Formation silty mudstones, and hydrothermal fluids from the basement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with the HTD were mostly controlled by the basement faults and fractures and karsting processes at the unconformity separating Sinian and Cambrian strata. The hydrocarbon storage spaces of HTD included dissolved cavities and intercrystalline pores. Dissolution cavities are extensive at the top of Dengying Formation, up to about 46m below the unconformity between Sinian an     

Mineralization age and sources of ore‐forming material of the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit in the Micangshan Tectonic Belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton,China: Constraints from Rb‐Sr dating and Sr‐Pb isotopes

The Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit, hosted by the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone, is located in the eastern part of the Micangshan tectonic belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, China. This study involves a systematic field investigation, detailed mineralogical study, and Rb‐Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of the deposit. The results of Rb‐Sr isotopic dating of coexisting sphalerite and galena yield an isochron age of 486.7 ± 3.1 Ma, indicating the deposit was formed during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. This mineralization age is interpreted to be related to the timing of destruction of the paleo‐oil reservoir in the Micangshan tectonic belt. All initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of sphalerite and galena (0.70955–0.71212) fall into the range of the Mesoproterozoic Huodiya Group basement rocks (0.70877–0.71997) and Dengying Formation sandstone (0.70927–0.71282), which are significantly higher than those of Cambrian Guojiaba Formation limestone (0.70750–0.70980), Cambrian Guojiaba Formation carbonaceous slate (0.70766–0.71012), and Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone (0.70835–0.70876). Such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the ore strontium was mainly derived from a mixed source, and both of the Huodiya Group basement rocks and Dengying Formation sandstone were involved in ore formation. Both sphalerite and galena are characterized by an upper‐crustal source of lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.849–18.022, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.604–15.809, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.735–38.402), and their Pb isotopes are higher than, but partly overlap with, those of the Huodiya Group basement rocks, but differ from those of the Guojiaba and Dengying Formations. This suggests that the lead also originated from a mixed source, and the Huodiya Group basement rocks played a significant role. The Sr and Pb isotopic results suggest that the Huodiya Group basement rocks were one of the most important sources of metallogenic material. The geological and geochemical characteristics show that the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit is similar to typical Mississippi Valley type, and the fluid mixing may be a reasonable metallogenic mechanism for Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit.     

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite,Central Sichuan Basin,SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ¹⁸O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.     

滇东北会泽灯影组硅质岩成因及沉积环境——来自岩石学和地球化学证据

通过1：50 000区域地质调查,发现云南省会泽县一带灯影组中普遍发育硅质岩。本文通过硅质岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征分析,重点探讨了灯影组各段硅质岩的成因机制和沉积环境。结果表明：震旦系-寒武系灯影组下段硅质岩中相对富集Al和Ti,总稀土（ΣREE）相对较高,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;中段硅质岩中相对富集Ca和Mg,总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;上段硅质岩总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce大部分呈负异常,Eu呈正负异常。综合硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征,并结合震旦纪区域地质构造演化,认为研究区内下段硅质岩表现为正常海水沉积、中段硅质岩表现为典型热水沉积、上段表现出正常海水沉积受热水沉积影响的特征。硅质岩形成于复杂大陆边缘的浅海陆棚环境。     

川滇震旦系灯影组葡萄石的沉积环境

川镇地区震旦系地层发育，其中，灯影组含葡萄石。本文记述云南宜良九乡震旦系剖面以及川滇地区震旦系葡萄石，并探讨其沉积环境。     

滇东北矿集区茂租铅锌矿床地球化学特征

茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西南缘,是滇东北矿集区内的一个大型矿床,矿体主要呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组白云岩中;矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,次为方铅矿;脉石矿物主要为白云石、方解石和萤石。本文对该矿床中与铅锌矿密切共生的团块状白云石、方解石和萤石以及围岩灯影组白云岩的REE地球化学特征和C、O、Sr同位素进行了对比研究。结果表明:团块状白云石和方解石的稀土配分模式、C同位素和Sr同位素比值与围岩灯影组白云岩比较接近,表明形成团块状白云石和方解石的成矿流体主要来源于围岩灯影组白云岩的溶解;但这两种矿物的稀土总量ΣREE高于灯影组白云岩,说明成矿流体除了主要由围岩提供REE外,还有部分其他富含REE流体的加入。萤石则具有LREE亏损和分配曲线相对平缓的稀土配分模式特征,表明萤石形成于成矿的晚阶段,有更多的外部流体的加入。团块状白云石、方解石和萤石表现出明显的Eu正异常,且团块状白云石和方解石的O同位素低于灯影组白云岩,反映了存在较高温度的流体活动,这3种脉石矿物是由高温热液流体形成的。灯影组白云岩和3种脉石矿物都具有明显的Ce负异常,说明成矿流体可能主要来源于地层循环水,继承了围岩的Ce负异常特征。方解石和萤石的Sr同位素比值高于围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩,但小于基底岩石昆阳群和会理群,说明成矿流体主要由赋矿围岩等沉积地层中的循环流体与流经了基底岩石的深部流体混合形成。     

Sr isotope excursion across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in the Three Gorges area, South China

The Precambrian/Cambrian (PC/C) boundary is one of the most important intervals for the evolution of life. However, the scarcity of well-preserved outcrops across the boundary leaves an obstacle in decoding surface environmental changes and patterns of biological evolution.In south China, strata through the PC/C boundary are almost continuously exposed and contain many fossils, suitable for study of environmental and biological change across the PC/C boundary. We undertook deep drilling at four sites in the Three Gorges area to obtain continuous and fresh samples without surface alteration and oxidation. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the fresh carbonate rocks, selected based on microscopic observation and geochemical signatures of Mn/Sr and Rb/Sr ratios, aluminum and silica contents, and δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values, were measured with multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometric techniques.The chemostratigraphy of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the drilled samples displays a smooth curve and a large positive anomaly just below the PC/C boundary between the upper part of Baimatuo Member of the Dengying Formation and the lower part of the Yanjiahe Formation. The combination of chemostratigraphies of δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr indicates that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr excursions preceded the δ¹³C negative excursion, and suggests that global regression or formation of the Gondwana supercontinent, possibly together with a high atmospheric pCO₂, caused biological depression.     

云南会泽石炭系摆佐组白云岩地球化学特征及其成因分析

为了解云南会泽石炭系摆佐组中、粗晶白云岩的地球化学特征及其成因,对白云岩进行岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素等分析、研究。研究区位于华南陆块群扬子微陆块滇中（昆明）中生代隆起带,白云岩岩石类型主要为灰-灰白色、肉红色、米黄色中、粗晶白云岩,白云岩在岩石学特征上具有半自形-自形结构,MgO-CaO分析显示白云石是交代或重结晶成因而非沉积成因的;微量元素分析显示白云岩中Sr含量较低,反映了白云岩可能是后期埋藏成岩作用过程中形成的,且白云化时间较晚,Sr已经大量流失,同时Sr/Ba比值较高,表明白云岩在深埋过程中所形成时水介质盐度较高;稀土元素配分模式显示Ce、Eu呈现负异常,Ce弱负异常由于Ce3+ 将不断被氧化成相对易溶的Ce4+ 离子被迁移而贫化,Eu弱负异常可能为Eu在化学风化过程中被优先带出而造成的;碳、氧同位素分析研究表明该区白云岩具有较高的成岩温度（52.40℃～69.44℃）和盐度指数Ｚ值（121～125）,表明其形成环境为超咸浓缩海水环境并具较高的成岩温度,推测该地区白云岩为中深埋藏环境,根据区域地层资料、区域构造演化史推测其白云岩化时间可能发生于二叠纪,属后生白云岩。综合分析认为本区白云岩成因为埋藏成因,并且在后期可能受到了构造作用和地壳抬升作用的影响,使白云岩产生化学风化作用,造成Eu的负异常,这可能与滇东北地区印支-海西阶段所形成的拉张和垂直升降运动有关。     

川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩成因——来自岩石结构与Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据

研究了川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩储层的岩石结构Sr的含量和Sr同位素组成,讨论了它的成因,飞仙关组优质储层为成岩期埋藏交代白云化作用的产物,来自岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据包括如下几个方面:(1)与准同生白云岩比较,埋藏白云岩的岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征与前者有显著差别;(2)飞仙关组所有各类碳酸盐岩(或矿物)具有早三叠世海水Sr同位素组成特征,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化范围为0.706588～0.708187,覆盖了全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素的变化范围(0.7076～0.7078),平均值0.707656与全球早三叠世平均值(0.707743)基本一致;(3)埋藏白云岩~(87)Sr/86Sr比值变化范围为0.707122～0.707419,平均值0.707421,都略低于全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素变化范围和平均值,但与已报道的川东北早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素变化范围(0.707330～0.707383)和平均值(0.707350)都非常接近,说明白云石化流体具有强烈的川东北地区早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素组成特征;(4)综合岩石结构、Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征,证明飞仙关组白云岩储层为成岩期埋藏交代作用产物,白云石化流体来自地层中高Sr和高盐度的海源地层水.