关于日本主张以“中间线”划分东海的几点思考

日本新任首相安倍晋三于2006年10月8日访华。他就任后第一次出访就到中国,说明很重视与中国和亚洲的外交关系,旨在改变小泉时代留下的政治后遗症——中日关系冷淡,日本亚洲外交危机。安倍访华期间中日发表联合公报,其内容包括坚持东海磋商,加快共同开发步伐,寻求双方都能接受的方案等。安倍访华标志着中日紧张关系开始缓和,但并不等于中日东海问题就此迎刃而解。中日东海问题是长期形成的,错综复杂的,不可能通过一两次首脑访问就能解决根本问题,充其量只能起到遏制势头恶化的作用。以笔者之见,在东海问题上日方仍然掌握着主动权,海上保安厅出动武装舰船和飞机始终控制着我国固有领土——钓鱼岛及其周边海域。至今没有任何迹象表明日本政府要收回授权民间企业在东海试开采的成命,强行试钻的可能性依然存在。中日双方虽然就东海共同开发达成继续进行磋商的一致意见,但从发展趋势分析最终仍有利日方。     

一株印度洋深海食烷茵(Alcanivorax sp.P40)的烷烃羟化酶基因的克隆

以印度洋深层海水,用柴油和石油作为混合碳源经富集培养、分离获得一株具有很强的柴油降解能力的茵株P40.茵株P40革兰氏染色阴性,接触酶和氧化酶为阳性,能还原硝酸盐,不能还原亚硝酸盐.16S rDNA Blastn 结果表明其与 Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5T(柴油食烷茵)及 A.dieselolei NO1A具有最高相似性,均为99.8%.茵株P40的gyrB序列与 A.dieselolei NO1A同源性也高达99.2%.而与A.dieselolei B-5T只有86.9%.此外,从茵株P40中克隆到两个烷烃羟化酶alkB基因片断,分别命名为P40-alkB1和P40-alkB2.其中P40-alkBl与报道的 A.dieselolei B-5T 中的 alkB 同源性较高,达96.3%,而与同为深海来源的茵株NO1A的alkB的同源性更是达100%,P40-alkB2则与A.borkumensis SK2T(泊库岛食烷茵)的alkB1同源性最高,但仅为65%.     

China Ocean Engineering Contents of Volume 28, 2014

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世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日 主场活动在大连隆重举行

6月8日,2011年世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日主场活动在辽宁省大连市隆重开幕,今年活动的主题是辛亥百年,海洋振兴。全国人大常委会副委员长周铁农出席庆祝大会并宣布2011世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日活动开幕。国家     

保障渔民合法权益是深化海洋管理工作面临的重要课题

舟山是我国唯一以群岛设立的地级市,区域总面积2.22万km2,其中海域面积2万hm2余,“港、景、渔”等海洋资源十分丰富,是名副其实的海洋大市。     

Experimental Studies on Sloshing Mitigation Using Dual Perforated Floating Plates in A Rectangular Tank

The performance of dual perforated floating plates in a rectangular tank is investigated based on the model tests under different external excitations for different filling rates.It is found that dual perforated floating plates in the tank can remarkably mitigate violent resonant sloshing responses compared with the clean tank,especially when the external excitation frequency is in the vicinity of the first-order resonant frequency.Next,the parametric studies based on different filling rates and external excitation amplitudes are performed for the first-order resonant frequencies.The presence of dual perforated floating plates seldom shifts the sloshing natural frequencies.Further,dual perforated floating plates change the sloshing modes from the standing-wave mode in the clean tank to the Utube mode,which can arise from the sloshing reduction to some extent.     

GPU-Based DEM Simulations of Global Ice Resistance on Ship Hull During Navigation in Level Ice

The ice resistance on a ship hull affects the safety of the hull structure and the ship maneuvering performance in icecovered regions.In this paper,the discrete element method(DEM)is adopted to simulate the interaction between level ice and ship hull.The level ice is modeled with 3D bonded spherical elements considering the buoyancy and drag force of the water.The parallel bonding approach and the de-bonding criterion are adopted to model the freezing and breakage of level ice.The ship hull is constructed with rigid triangle elements.To improve computational efficiency,the GPU-based parallel computational algorithm was developed for the DEM simulations.During the interaction between the ship hull and level ice,the ice cover is broken into small blocks when the interparticle stress approaches the bonding strength.The global ice resistance on the hull is calculated through the contacts between ice elements and hull elements during the navigation process.The influences of the ice thickness and navigation speed on the dynamic ice force are analyzed considering the breakage mechanism of ice cover.The Lindqvist and Riska formulas for the determination of ice resistance on ship hull are employed to validate the DEM simulation.The comparison of results of DEM,Lindqvist,and Riska formula show that the DEM result is between those the Lindqvist formula and Riska formula.Therefore the proposed DEM is an effective approach to determine the ice resistance on the ship hull.This work can be aided in the hull structure design and the navigation operation in ice-covered fields.     

国务院副总理曾培炎在“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式上的致词

很高兴前来参加“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式。国际极地年是全球范围的科学家共同策划、联合开展的大规模极地科学考察     

RS&GIS支持下的长海县建设用地空间变化分析

以长海县1993年和2005年Landsat-TM数据为基础,运用遥感软件ENVI,经噪音剔除、主成分变换、彩色合成、分类处理、差值运算提取出长山列岛新增建设用地,生成新增建设用地矢量数据,结合GIS软件MapInfo,经过投影转换、叠加分析、缓冲区分析、空间信息统计,分析新增建设用地的空间分布及影响机制,结果表明:长海县的建设用地在1993-2005年不同程度地增加,人口及经济发展是建设用地增加的主要促进因子;交通干线对新增加的建设用地具有空间吸引效应;新增建设用地有向港口等基础设施集中的特征;新增建设用地空间分布受到已有产业功能分区的影响.研究表明,RS&GIS支持下,利用TM数据分析海岛建设用地变化具有一定的应用前景.     

Comparison of sedimentary organic carbon loading in the Yap Trench and other marine environments

Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments.The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of^0.06 mg OC/(m^2·km)(R^2=0.23,P<0.01).Distinct low OC loadings(0.09±0.04 mg OC/m^2)were observed in the Yap Trench,with the lowest values as^0.02 mg OC/m^2.A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m^2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas.Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC(δ13C^-20.4‰to-18.6‰)dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone.In contrast,terrestrial OC withδ13C values of approximately-27.4‰to-20.5‰was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone.The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments,and only approximately 30%of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried.The value is equivalent to 0.066%of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average(~0.3%).Overall,the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated,despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

乐清湾水域纳潮量演变分析

基于1965年以来的不同时期水深地形数据和卫星遥感影像资料,对乐清湾岸线和不同特征值水深所围水域面积的历史变化进行研究,根据GIS技术计算乐清湾近50年的不同水域面积的演变特征。利用实测地形资料和水文数据建立乐清湾海域二维潮流数学模型分析乐清湾水域纳潮量的演变情况。结果表明:(1)乐清湾海域纳潮量近50年减少3.16×10~8 m~3,2013年较1965年减少17.69%,年均递减速率由0.06×10~8 m~3/a增加至近年的1.96×10~8 m~3/a;(2)海湾不同区域围填海造成相应海区水域面积的缩减,但纳潮量对水域面积改变的响应程度有显著差别。内湾滩涂围垦对乐清湾不同湾区纳潮量影响十分有限,外湾围垦对纳潮量的影响由外湾向内湾明显递减。漩门湾二期工程显著改变乐清湾的潮流形态,造成各个湾区纳潮量均出现大幅度的调整。本研究可以为海湾的生态环境保护和预测海湾的发展趋势提供量化的参考数据。     

波浪计算可视化的研究

文章讨论了波浪场可视化实现过程中的一些关键的算法。文中针对表示波浪面的数据集的特性,采用了一种简单的节点法矢量算法。绘制结果表明,用这种简单算法取代二维和三维的数据场节点法矢量的常用算法,能够保持波浪场三维图形的光照效果。利用层次模型算法进行波浪的动态演示,比较了相同面积的波浪场在不同网格密度情况下图形的显示质量,提出波浪场图形质量有与特征波长相匹配的最佳经验网格密度。     

光辐射对海洋微藻脂肪酸含量的效应

不同光辐射强度下三角褐指藻和小球藻脂肪酸的气相色谱分析表明 ,光辐射对海洋微藻脂肪酸的含量和组成影响很大。三角褐指藻和小球藻总多不饱和脂肪酸含量随着照度的增加呈下降趋势。在本实验条件下 ,在较低光强 (0 .2 5× 10 3 L ux～ 1.7× 10 3 L ux)时 ,EPA、DHA、C18∶ 3等多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。     

牡蛎肉提取物主要营养成份的分析

牡蛎肉中含有丰富的糖元、牛磺酸以及微量元素锌等。牡蛎肉提取物的氨基酸通过 ＨＰＬＣ分析,表明含有丰富的牛磺酸（７％）;经　酮比色定糖法测定其糖元含量为 １４．５％;石墨炉原子吸收法测得其锌含量为 ８９． ５ × １０~－６（ｍ／ｍ）。牡蛎肉在保健补品方面能起到陆源食品所不能代替的独特作用。可以预言,牡蛎肉将作为开拓保健补品的新资源。     

Numerical Study of the Generation and Propagation of Trigger Meanders of the Kuroshio South of Japan

We examine the processes underlying the generation and propagation of the small meander of the Kuroshio south of Japan which occurs prior to the transition from the non-large meander path to the large meander path. The study proceeds numerically by using a two-layer, flat-bottom, quasi-geostrophic inflow-outflow model which takes account of the coastal geometries of Kyushu, Nansei Islands, part of the East China Sea, and the Izu Ridge. The model successfully reproduces the observed generation and propagation features of what is called "trigger meander" until it passes by Cape Shiono-misaki; presumably because of the absence of the bottom topography, the applicability of the present numerical model becomes questionable after the trigger meander passes by Cape Shiono-misaki. The generation of the trigger meander off the south-eastern coast of Kyushu is shown to be associated with the increase in the supply of cyclonic vorticity by the enhanced current velocity in the upper layer along the southern coast of Kyushu where the no-slip boundary condition is employed. Thereafter, the trigger meander propagates eastward while inducing an anticyclone-cyclone-cyclone pair in the lower layer. The lower-layer cyclone induced in this way, in particular, plays a crucial role in intensifying the trigger meander trough via cross-stream advection in the upper layer; the intensified trigger meander trough then further amplifies the lower-layer cyclone. This joint evolution of the upper-layer meander trough and the lower-layer cyclone indicates that baroclinic instability is the dominant mechanism underlying the rapid amplification of the eastward propagating trigger meander.     

蓝藻基因组研究进展

本文对近年来蓝藻基因组研究进展进行了综述.介绍了聚胞藻PCC6803基因组研究方法和成果,包括最佳分析软件的选择,所获得的基因组基本信息,以及后基因组研究的部分成果.蓝藻基因组间差异很大,文中介绍了其它蓝藻基因组的基本信息和在各个藻种里的重要发现.文章最后探讨了蓝藻基因组的研究意义和前景.     

深海油水主动旋流分离器强制涡流前推段结构对分离性能影响数值模拟

针对深水油气田主动旋流分离器强制涡流前推段锥度对分离性能的影响进行研究,应用RSM(reynolds stress model)湍流模型对主动旋流器内部强旋流场进行数值模拟计算,在强制涡流前推段锥角变化时,合理预测并对比其内部轴向速度、切向速度、离心力以及分离效率的变化。研究表明在一定范围内,前推段锥度的增加可以提高混合液在前推段内的轴向速度和切向速度,进而可以获得更高的分离效率。当锥角达到15°时,可以获得最为理想的分离效果。此外,在不同深水环境下对该主动旋流分离器进行仿真计算表明,不同的环境压力对旋流器分离效率影响很小。     

墨西哥湾陆坡区冷泉碳酸盐岩的烷烃分布特征

对墨西哥湾北部水深2200m的Alaminos Canyon645区块（AC645区）和水深540m的Green Canyon185区块（GC185区）冷泉碳酸盐岩的有机质进行了研究，结果显示深水和浅水区冷泉碳酸盐岩的有机质丰度和烷烃组成差别较大，下陆坡深水AC区样品有机质含量低，正构烷烃、萜烷、甾烷各组分的含量相对较高，正构烷烃以低碳数占绝对优势，并含有种类丰富的三环萜烷和五环三萜烷，且以17a（H），21B（H）-藿烷为主峰碳，反映了深水区冷泉碳酸盐岩的有机质来源于细菌和低等藻类，有少量的深部油气藏有机质的渗漏输入，并受微弱的微生物作用改造。上陆坡浅水GC区样品有机质含量较高，其中正构烷烃含量较低，并且以难以分开的复杂混合物（UCM）为主，同样含有种类丰富的以17α（H），21β（H）-降藿烷为主峰碳的三环萜烷和五环三萜烷，表明有机质主要来源于深部油气藏渗漏的有机质，并遭受了强烈的微生物降解。本文系统地研究了冷泉碳酸盐岩中正构烷烃、萜烷、甾烷的组成和分布特征，并探讨了有机质来源和冷泉渗漏的关系。