中国葡萄酒产业生命周期判别与峰值

结合计算判断法和经验对比法,构建了葡萄酒产业生命周期模型,从产业规模、产业市场结构、技术进步与效率以及政府角色四个维度出发,对中国葡萄酒产业发展阶段进行综合评判。应用皮尔生长曲线测算了中国葡萄酒产业各阶段演进时间、产业发展规模与速度以及产业峰值。结果表明,中国葡萄酒产业正处于成长期早期阶段,并在产品研发、产品市场消费结构、技术创新、产业组织提升等方面正进入一个重大的调整与升级时期。2013年和2019年分别为中国葡萄酒产业发展的"起飞点"与"飞跃点"。2026年开始中国葡萄酒产业将进入成熟期,届时产值将达到1 216.598×108元,并不断趋于产业饱和值1 541.949×10⁸元,未来产业发展空间巨大。本研究对制订与产业生命周期阶段相吻合的政策,以实现产业的长期动态协调与均衡发展具有重要意义。     

The Indonesian consumer market for clothing: Institutions, firms and organizational behaviours

The clothing industry is widely cited as an industrial sector that is embedded primarily in buyer-driven structures of global commodity chains in which retailers and brand-name companies, rather than manufacturers, are the key driving forces. Analysis of clothing production systems within the commodity chain literature, however, has been predominantly Western-centric, with little emphasis on similarities and/or differences between competitors in different institutional and societal contexts. Therefore, this paper explores the ways in which international and domestic clothing brand-owners compete for market shares within Indonesia. The analytical focus includes important issues such as the influence of the regulatory policy framework on firm-specific behaviour as well as applied marketing strategies within individual fashion segments.     

The price of spice: Ethnic minority livelihoods and cardamom commodity chains in upland northern Vietnam

The northern uplands of Vietnam are witness to rapidly developing commodity markets for a range of forest and agricultural products. Since the early 1990s the cultivation of black cardamom (Amomum aromaticum) has become a source of cash income for a growing number of ethnic minority households in these uplands. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, and utilizing a commodity chain and livelihoods approach, this article investigates the contemporary dynamics surrounding the cultivation, harvesting and trade of dried cardamom fruit from Hmong cultivators in Lao Cai province to consumers elsewhere in Vietnam and beyond to China and the global market. We analyse the spatial and social structures of these commodity chains, drawing attention to a range of mechanisms of access. We find that these mechanisms are reliant upon specific ethnic relations as well as different forms of capital that together sustain economic advantages for particular actors. While focusing on the ethnic minority cultivators active in these commodity chains, we also call for more nuanced understandings of how the trade in forest products fits within local agricultural systems and household livelihood decision making processes in the Vietnam uplands.     

生产连结相关之理论比较:从"权力关系"取径研究生产网络的重要性

近十年来,国际上已有许多学者从“权力关系”的角度加以研究生产网络的过程,如：Dicken所提出的生产链之概念,及Gereffi的全球商品链,与Henderson et al．提出之全球生产网络……等理论,皆开始重视探讨生产过程中各阶段关键作用者(agent)之间互动的重要性。近今这些不同但核心概念相似的理论,让我们意识到一个问题：到底从权力关系取径的角度,对于生产链接过程或产业聚集的研究,有何重要意义?对于一般讨论产品生产过程的地理研究,又可以多补足哪些观点?本文即从一般常用处理产品生产链接的两个相关理论——价值链与产品周期理论的意涵内容出发,比较其与“权力关系”取径二者之间解释生产链接过程的差异与优劣,并试图了解从“权力关系”观点,对于地理学研究产业之生产过程的重要性与意义,此为本文目的。     

Negotiating partnerships, understanding power: doing action research on Chilean Fairtrade wine value chains

Sales in Fairtrade wine have been growing rapidly worldwide, and the UK is the most important market. This paper reports on an action research project undertaken with different economic actors along the value chain of a Chilean Fairtrade wine. The aim of the interdisciplinary project was to explore how the internet and tracking and tracing technologies could be used to render value chains more transparent for consumers and producers. An internet interface combined with a barcode-based data retrieval system could allow actors in the value chain to call up economic, social and environmental information about a product. Early findings from the action research process show that while supermarkets are the lead firms in the Fairtrade wine chain in terms of economic power, the producers and the Fairtrade certification body wield 'moral power' over other actors in the value chain. Fairtrade producers and the Fairtrade certification body relate to each other in cycles of mutual recognition, thus underpinning each others' legitimacy and moral power. The paper argues that action research, in particular the positionality of the researcher team as a collaboration partner, can lead to a better understanding of the nature of linkages and power relations between the economic actors in value chains.     

Digital effects in the spatial economy of film: towards a research agenda

A new assemblage of digital technologies, organized around compressed software formats and broadband Internet infrastructures, is reconfiguring the motion picture industry. In this paper, I review the impacts of digitization upon the spatial economy of film in the United States via a commodity chain framework. The discussion raises some important themes for conceptual debate in economic geography.     

珠三角地区半导体产业布局特征及其区位关联模式

产业布局的区位关联是区域产业空间结构及其空间关系研究的重要内容。论文通过构建珠三角地区半导体企业数据库,并采用核密度分析与协同区位分析方法对珠三角地区半导体产业空间格局及其区位关联特征进行研究。研究发现：① 广深莞三地是珠三角地区半导体产业空间的重要集聚区,半导体设计环节是珠三角地区进入半导体产业链的普遍选择。② 广州尽管在设计、材料和分立器件制造方面形成了专业化集群,但其仅有分立器件制造环节与设计和封测环节形成了区位协同关系;而深圳则以设计设备两大专业化集群为支撑形成了与其他所有环节的区位协同,总体上形成了较为完整的半导体全产业链。③ 广州在分立器件制造环节的专业化优势属于半导体产业链建设过程中的过渡状态,而深圳在全产业链建设方面的优势则建立在大量数字技术企业在本地的高度集聚,通过半导体设计环节与其他环节建立了共同的知识、技术和人才基础。研究旨在为珠三角进一步优化半导体产业链布局提供决策依据,以提升区域半导体产业竞争力。     

内地游客香港购物的行为心理探析

香港旅游购物市场运行机制完善,为中国内地开拓购物旅游市场提供了示范.通过分析内地游客在香港购物旅游案例,认为游客购物行为心理活动规律表现为:兴奋-疑惑-后悔-认可-满足.这种行为心理特征产生的原因与内地商品市场不完善、旅游业运行机制不健全,以及内地经济水平、游客的消费心理密切相关.内地购物旅游市场的培育需要从运行机制、利益分配、旅游商品生产与独家代理、旅游购物市场质量保证措施的可操作性等多方面借鉴香港旅游业发展的经验.     

Understanding the dynamics of sustainability transitions: the Home Insulation Program

The Home Insulation Program (HIP) in Australia is an outstanding example of a contemporary attempt to intervene in a socio-technical regime. The program, implemented in 2009 under the then Australian Labor Party government led by Kevin Rudd, was targeted at stimulating the retrofit insulation industry. The objective was to both improve the energy efficiency of homes and thereby contribute to Australia’s emissions reduction targets by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to stimulate the Australian economy at the time of the global financial crisis. The program ended early following a number of economic issues and health and safety concerns. Despite previous investigation into the HIP reviewing its design and implementation, the focus has been on economic issues and health and safety concerns. To date there has been no investigation of the HIP as a sustainability transition. This article integrates socio-technical transition theory (STTT) and political ecology (PE) approaches to analyse the HIP and identify lessons for future sustainability transition initiatives. This is achieved by illustrating the effect of regime management (RM) on the orientation of niche governance (NG) which highlights the importance of considering the RM and NG aspects of STTT with a PE approach in symmetry, in order to adequately account for political and economic contest and power relations, which are ubiquitous in environmental management governance.     

UK retail concentration, Chilean wine producers and value chains

This paper seeks to examine how value chains impinge upon firms within the Chilean wine sector. The value chain analysis will further link the production and export of wine in Chile with the import and retailing of this wine in one key core economy market, namely that of the UK. The analysis is divided into three sections. First, the political economy of value chains in agro-industry is discussed, particularly in relation to the distinction between network or quasi-hierarchical relationships. Then the paper examines the theme of retail concentration in the UK and the impacts that this has on global value chains which incorporate Chilean wine firms. The focus then moves to value chains and the nature of upgrading within Chilean wine firms by examining the strategic example of the lead firm and firm upgrading as a response to demands of UK retailers and through the flying winemaker model. Broad conclusions on the comparative nature of value chains and the scramble for value within them are finally made.     

中国钢铁产品国际贸易流与碳排放跨境转移

控制温室气体排放最终要落实到不同国家、不同行业之间的利益分配和责任分担,尤其是通过国际商品贸易转移的碳排放是在国家间分配排放配额时必须考虑的指标。基于中国钢铁产品国际贸易流的分析表明,中国在国际钢铁产品贸易中处于垂直产业内贸易的低端,中国具有比较优势的钢铁产品多为加工程度低、技术含量低、能源消耗强度大的初级产品。由于我国进出口钢铁产品在附加价值和能源消耗强度方面存在明显的差异,随着中国钢铁产品国际贸易规模的扩大,使大量CO₂排放责任向中国净转移。我国学者应以更加积极的姿态参与到国际谈判、国际规则的制订中,从产品生产者和消费者两个层面合理界定中国在全球温室气体减排中的责任,力争在气候变化国际谈判中确保中国的经济贸易利益。     

Development characteristics and construction prospects for a multi-integrated economic zone in the South China Sea Region

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)instigated by China is catalyzing the evolution of a new global economic landscape.To cope with the great changes in the economic landscape,China needs to view the South China Sea Region(SCSR)as a strategic focus and study carefully the characteristics of regional development and explore the possibility for construc-tion of a strategic multi-integrated economic zone which includes China and ASEAN countries.Based on key indicators,this paper outlines the overall development characteristics of the SCSR and analyzes the regional structural characteristics of industry and global trade based on the indexes of industrial structure similarity and trade commodity structure coincidence;the paper also depicts the spatial characteristics of the nine core growth areas(CGAs)in the region and discusses the construction prospects for a multi-integrated economic zone in the SCSR.The results show that,first,from 2000 to 2017,the main economic indicators of the SCSR grew quite well,and the development trend was much better than the global average for the same period.Second,driven by the global industrial transfer stages and spatial paths,the level of comprehensive development in the SCSR has evolved into four categories.Third,the index values for industrial structure similarity and trade commodity structure coincidence for the 11 countries in the SCSR have remained at a high level,and reveal an integration trend not only from the horizontal and vertical perspective,but also from an upgrading and downgrading standpoint.Fourth,nine CGAs have been established in the SCSR and the advantaged industries and the export commodity types between different countries exhibited the characteristics of convergence and complementarity due to the polarization and diffusion effects of the CGAs.Finally,from a long-term perspective,the SCSR has already acquired the internal and external conditions such as the 5th global industrial transfer initiative,the reconstruction of the global value chain,regional production-consumption networks and spa-tial entities for building a multi-integrated economic zone in the SCSR.     

经济地理学视角下的旅游发展理论演进

经济地理学是一门非常活跃和发展演化很快的学科.近30年来,经济地理学的发展演化带动了旅游发展理论的演变.回顾旅游发展理论研究的进展,依次有依附理论、生命周期理论、社区研究方法、福特主义、弹性专业化和全球商品链理论,这些理论在旅游方面的应用和研究,从时间和数量上都明显滞后于生产实践活动,说明旅游研究还处于经济地理学科"边缘化"的地位.在今天经济全球化的背景下,旅游产业在迅猛发展之时,旅游发展理论的建设更应与经济地理学紧密结合,由"边缘"走向"核心".     

全球商品链中的地方产业群--以东莞的"商圈"现象为例

分析全球商品链与地方产业群之间的关系,特别强调产业群在发展中国家外资政策中的意义,并结合对东莞“商圈”现象的实地调查,分析了“生产者主导”和“订户主导”两种动力学在我国沿海出口加工地方产业群发展中所扮演的角色。文章认为原有基于土地和劳动力成本优势起来的沿海外向型出口加工业产业群,随着国内市场的进一步开放和成长,既存在新的发展机遇,也面临既成的制度瓶颈,因此,提出要从三方面实现政策侧重点的转变,以充分发挥地方产业群的竞争优势。     

Crisis, coincidences and strategic market behaviour: the internationalization of Indonesian clothing brand-owners

Despite the fact that most Indonesian brand-owners continue to emphasize their marketing activities in the domestic market, several brand-owners have started to export clothing under their own label. This has been particularly the result of the economic crisis in the late 1990s, which affected companies serving the domestic market. Companies were trying to compensate for the loss of sales on the domestic market by redirecting their marketing activities to foreign countries. This export strategy has been driven largely by the sole aim to survive. However, in addition to these export activities, some companies have rather sophisticated, long-standing business relations to their distributors in overseas markets. This paper explores these export activities in the context of the global commodity chain framework.     

Defining Regions: the making of places in the New Zealand wine industry

As a product, wine is closely associated with place. The industry has devised various strategies in order to delimit space and create places that are marketable as brands. Although demarcated by supposedly ‘natural’ features, these spaces are socially constructed in order to maximise accumulation. This article reports on the use of place-making strategies in the case of the New Zealand wine sector and the role of capital and agency in their production. Two case studies—Martinborough and Gimblett Gravels—are offered where contrasting geographical strategies have been employed. The work concludes that the employment of flexible delimitation is a strategy that allows contestation in creatively destructive ways. Such an approach allows for specialised identity construction within the framework of semi-porous boundaries. This calls for local economic policy that sits between the two extremes of open-ended neoliberal capital accumulation and arbitrary regional planning.     

新化文印产业发展中“故乡”与“他乡”的变化、功能与联系

改革开放后,中国社会出现了同乡同业集聚的现象,新化文印产业就是其中具有代表性的一类。对文印人员流出地“故乡”与流入地“他乡”进行考察,运用质性研究方法,探究了在文印产业发展过程中“故乡”与“他乡”所发生变化、承担的功能与相互联系。研究表明：文印产业对“故乡”与“他乡”的社会、经济文化等各方面影响巨大;“故乡”的功能体现在为文印产业的发展提供了人力资源、为从业人员提供了从业路径,及感情交流与回归的空间;“他乡”促进了产业的技术革新,形成了集聚效应并为从业人员提供了向上社会流动的空间;“故乡”与“他乡”是产业背后推动文印产业发展的虚实两只手,并通过文印产业与从业人员的社会关系及构建的文化紧密相连,形成了产业、空间、人口相互联系、动态循环的新化模式。     

American viticultural areas: A problem in regional geography

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine a particular type of formal geographic region—the viticultural region—to promote an understanding of the geographical bases of wine production. The authors have found that the viticultural area is an excellent vehicle for teaching students how geographers construct and analyze regions. Although the wine industry in the United States is concentrated overwhelmingly in California and secondarily in a belt running from New York across Pennsylvania and into Ohio, most of the lower 48 states have at least one officially recognized viticultural area. The following problem has been developed to be used “as is” or to be modified for any state or region in the country. By the end of the problem, students have gained hands-on experience in defining regions, correlating physical geography with human activities, and thinking about the importance of place names and scale.     

长江三角洲高新技术扩散特征与发展对策

高技术是全球范围内综合国力角逐的焦点,作为中国生产力的前沿沿阵地,长江三角洲正受其优越的区位,网络,综合发展要素驱动而成为我国重要的高技术策源地和发展地之一,文章从对该区高新技术扩散特及扩散模式的分析中,探寻未来高新技术发展的推进策略及发展前景。     

基于全产业链的我国文化旅游发展模式研究

随着近年来我国文化产业和旅游产业都被提升到重要战略地位,文化旅游作为两大产业相融合的产物迅速发展,各地兴建了大量文化旅游项目,但其发展模式依旧停留在传统的基础层面。因此,本文从全产业链的视角出发,提出了文化旅游产业链双核驱动发展模式、文化旅游产业链横向拓展发展模式、文化旅游产业链纵向延伸发展模式。希望进一步推动我国大力实施文化旅游发展战略,通过旅游项目彰显地方文化特色。