中国海蟹守螺科的研究现状与展望

1蟹守螺科简介
　　蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae)属于软体动物门(Mollusca),腹足纲(Gastropoda),前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia),中腹足目(Mesogastropoda),蟹守螺超科(Cerithioidea)。因蟹守螺的贝壳常被甲壳动物寄居蟹占用,故名蟹守螺。贝壳小至中等大,一般为纵长的纺锤形或尖锥形,螺层多,螺旋部高。贝壳大多厚且坚实。壳面通常有纵横螺肋和结节等突起,并常出现纵肿肋。有些种类的胚壳可作为一个分类特征,其早期螺层雕刻也很明显。但一般情况下,蟹守螺贝壳基本上缺失胚壳或被严重侵蚀,甚至幼体中也是这样。成体贝壳壳口卵形,有加厚的外唇,向外扩张,轴唇上一般有滑层。前水管沟明显,突出或短,曲而斜;后水管沟小。厣角质,通常呈卵圆形,少旋,大多数种类有一个偏心核。齿舌为扭舌型,齿式：2+1+1+1+2。中央齿的基板为四边形,基板上端的切割面上有中央小齿,基板下端有长短不一的突出。侧齿呈铲状,一般有数个齿尖,缘齿长勺状。     

中国近海蛾螺科系统分类学研究现状与展望

<正>1蛾螺科简介蛾螺科(Buccinidae)隶属于软体动物门(Mollusca),腹足纲(Gastropoda),新腹足目(Neogastropoda)。蛾螺科种类个体从小到大,小的壳长不足10 mm,而大的可达150 mm。贝壳多呈卵圆形或纺锤形,壳质通常坚硬,表面常被有壳皮或具短的绒毛。壳面较平滑或具螺肋、纵肋和结节突起;缝合线(Suture)深或浅;前水管沟(Siphonal canal)有的稍长,有的宽短。壳口大或狭窄,外唇(Outer lip)简单或厚;内唇(Inner lip)平滑或具褶襞。厣(Operculum)角质,通常为黄色、     

笔螺科分类系统学研究概况及我国近海笔螺科研究进展

１笔螺科动物简介笔螺科 (Ｍｉｔｒｉｄａｅ)属于软体动物门 (Ｍｏｌｌｕｓｃａ) ,腹足纲（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｐｏｄａ），新腹足目（Ｎｅｏｇａｓｔｒｏｐｏｄａ）。种间个体差异较大 ,贝壳高度从几毫米到十多厘米。贝壳形状有毛笔形、纺锤形或椭圆形。壳质较厚，结实。壳顶尖 ,螺旋部呈尖圆锥形 ,体螺层大 ,中部稍膨胀。壳面较光滑或具螺旋肋 ,生长纹明显 ,有的种类刻有浅沟、条纹、坑、褶痕和或小颗粒状突起 ,并具薄的壳皮。贝壳表面常具斑点、斑块或色带 ,有的种类色彩较鲜艳。壳口窄长 ,外唇简单 ,大部分种类轴唇具肋状褶襞 ,一般为３～１０…     

中国海芋螺属一新记录(腹足纲,芋螺科)

在整理分类中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆馆藏的芋螺科标本时,鉴定出隶属于芋螺属的1个中国海新记录种:塔伽芋螺Conus tagaroae(Limpala?rMonnier,2013)。文章对其贝壳形态特征进行了详细描述,并与近似种进行了比较讨论。     

中国近海织纹螺科系统分类研究的现状与展望

1织纹螺科的简介 织纹螺科(Nassariidae)属于软体动物门、腹足纲、新进腹足目、蛾螺总科.其个体较小,成体贝壳高度通常在8～35mm之间.     

南海玉螺科两新种记述

在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的玉螺科标本时,经形态分类和齿舌解剖学研究,发现了属于玉螺科的2个新种,即:马氏玉螺Natica maxiutongi sp.nov.和南海窦螺Sinum nanhaiensis sp.nov.。两新种均分布于南中国海,其中马氏玉螺采自海南岛陵水和黎安的潮间带至潮下带浅海砂质海底,壳面褐色或栗色,体螺层上有3-4条深褐色的螺带;南海窦螺分别采自广东近海和南沙群岛海域水深105m和102m的泥质沙海底,贝壳小,呈长卵圆形,壳面白色或淡黄褐色,表面螺肋和生长纹细密。     

中国尖缘螺属一新种记述(柄眼目, 琥珀螺科)

作者利用形态解剖和扫描电镜方法对采自新疆五家渠市琥珀螺科(Succineidae)一未知种类进行了研究。结果如下:该种贝壳长卵圆形,黄棕色,壳质薄,半透明,中等大小,壳高12.56~15.10 mm,壳宽6.48~7.72 mm,有2.8~3.1个螺层;软体密布色素点,整体黑褐色;阴茎较短,绝大多数个体阴茎一侧扩展呈片状沿纵向与囊状的另一侧相折叠;阴茎附属物片状,长度约为阴茎长度的1/4;阴茎基背板长,在阴茎鞘中折叠6~7次;阴茎内部具数条纵褶,阴茎内表面密布微小乳状突。结果显示该种属于尖缘螺属(Oxyloma),与该属已报道的相近种差异明显,为一新种,即五家渠尖缘螺(Oxyloma wujiaquensis sp.nov.)。模式标本保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院。     

曼氏血吸虫宿主藁杆双脐螺与几种扁蜷螺形态解剖学比较

曼氏血吸虫中间宿主螺藁杆双脐螺和其他3种隶属扁蜷螺科的吸虫及线虫中间宿主螺,其形态极为相似,缺乏分类学资料,比较几种扁蜷螺的形态及生殖系统构造,明确其分类学特征,能为监测及防控部门准确鉴定物种提供依据。电子数显卡尺测量所有样本螺壳参数;解剖4种扁蜷螺生殖系统并绘图;扫描电镜观察齿舌形态。方差分析表明,4种扁蜷螺壳高(H)和直径(D)比值差异显著(F=64.171,P0.01)。4种扁蜷螺齿舌均为中央齿1列,双齿型,但中央齿齿尖形态、侧齿及缘齿列数、齿尖数量及形态等依种类不同均有差异。研究结果表明不同种的齿舌形态是重要鉴别特征之一。生殖系统阴茎复合体构造在属间差异明显,种间较为相似(旋螺属的凸旋螺、小旋螺)。尽管4种扁蜷螺贝壳形态较为相似,但壳高(H)和直径(D)比值、齿舌列数、齿尖以及生殖系统的阴茎复合体构造等特征,对入侵物种藁杆双脐螺和中国几种常见扁蜷螺的准确鉴定有重要价值。     

中国海塔螺科Turridae一新记录种(软体动物门,腹足纲,新腹足目)

在整理分类中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆馆藏的塔螺科标本时,鉴定出隶属于厚重螺属Crassispira的一中国海新记录种:蟹守厚重螺Crassispira cerithina(Anton,1838)。文中对该种的贝壳形态进行了详细描述,并对其分类地位以及主要鉴别特征进行了讨论。     

中国近海鹑螺科的研究

鹑螺科是中腹足目鹑螺总科中的一个小科,包括的种类不多,数量也不大,但是它的贝壳较大,又较有光泽,而且具有整齐的肋纹和色彩,所以是人们喜爱搜集的贝类之一。它们的肉均可食用,贝壳常同其他贝类的贝売和在一起烧制建筑用灰。这一科动物全部是暖水种,世界各暖海区都有分布,而以印度一西太平洋区的种类为最多,化石出现于第三纪。 本科动物的贝壳通常较薄,呈球形或卵圆形，螺旋部短,体螺层膨大,各层表面具有平滑的螺肋。壳口宽大,内面具沟纹,外唇薄或増厚形成一个具齿的环,水管沟宽短。成体不具厣。软体部分头大:前端膨大,触角长,呈圆柱状,眼位于其基部外侧的一个短柄上。吻极长,不能完全缩入壳内,呈管状,末端扩张形成蔷薇花状的唇部,伸展时长度可超过贝壳。水管长,伸展时可直立于贝売的背部。雄性交接器极长大,弯弓形,全长具沟,末端有一尖钩。为肉食性动物,常以海参等动物为食。 我国鹑螺科的种类过去金叔初和秉志、张玺、阎敦建等曾有零星记载,国外学者也有一些记载,但对各种的分布地点记载不详。我们根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年来采集保存的标本和全国海洋综合调查所采得的底栖动物标本进行了整理研究,共鉴定10种，其中1种仅在东海发现,4种为东海和南海共有,5种仅分布于南海;有一种,即黄口鹑螺在我国沿海尚系首次记录。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.