WGS—84与BJZ54两坐标系转换参数的精度

随着我国GPS一级网的成功建立及GPS二级网工作的顺利展开,建立我国高精度地心坐标系统的条件已日臻成熟。目前为了满足某些工程测量的需要,利用现有的全国高精度GPS一级网及天文大地网资料,求得了WGS—84坐标系与BJZ54坐标系(整体平差转换值)的转换参数,该转换参数的出现,已引起有关专家及应用部门的关注。     

GPS与TPS在工程测量中的联合使用

结合工程测量实际，就GPS检核或加密TPS导线、隧道GPS控制测量和TPS施工放样这两个方面问题，探讨了GPS和TPS的联合使用方法，所得结论对工程测量实践具有较好的指导意义和参考价值。     

空间技术实现地心坐标的精度检测与分析

为评价GPS、VLBI、SLR三种空间技术确定地心坐标的实现精度，选择使用三种技术并置站上的坐标数据，在经历元统一、偏心改正和七参数转换之后，计算了这三种技术实现的参考架的转换参数，得到了任意两种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差，以此作为外符精度。经分析可知VLBI与GPS实现的地心坐标比SLR高一些，可达到毫米级。     

GPS水准拟合与精度分析

本文首先分析了目前GPS水准拟合方法中存在的问题,详细的阐述了WGS-84大地高与我国所采用的正常高之间的关系,提出了先进行平面内的坐标转换,再分别采用各种数学模型进行GPS水准拟合的方法。通过对大连地区实测GPS资料的试验表明:利用本文所讨论的方法求出的GPS水准可以达到1.41cm的精度,能够满足大比例快速测图的要求。     

VLBI与GPS地心坐标的精度检测

为了评价GPS与VLBI这两种空间技术测定的地心坐标的真正实现精度,选择使用它们的并置站坐标数据,在进行了历元改正和偏心改正后,计算了这两种技术实现的参考架的转换参数,并分析了它们坐标不符值的中误差,得出GPS与VLBI这两种技术实现的参考架的外符合精度在1cm之内,表明了GPS与VLBI这两种技术测定的地心坐标精度已经达到毫米量级。     

城市高精度GPS网到CGCS2000的转换方法

详细介绍了已建立的非2000国家大地坐标系的城市高精度GPS控制网成果到CGCS2000成果进行坐标转换的三种方法,即参考框架和参考历元转换、七参数转换和重新进行网平差;并以某市B级GPS控制网为例,对不同转换方法的精度及误差产生的原因进行了深入的分析,得出了采用七参数进行转换,既能保证成果精度又比重新进行网平差数据处理更简便而且实用的结论。     

GPS与测距仪短距离测量精度探讨

GPS用于较短距离测量(几米到千米)的精度能够达到什么的量级,是工程测量者比较关注的问题。我们在一项特殊的工程中,同时使用GPS接收机和测距仪进行了距离测量,根据实测数据,分析GPS用于短距离测量所达到的精度。     

基于GPS PPK技术的远距离高精度验潮方法研究

为实现远岸潮汐精确监测,基于GPS PPK技术开展了远距离高精度GPS验潮方法研究。研究给出了GPS潮位测量方法,其次联合GPS定位信息和IMU姿态信息,通过坐标转换原理得到瞬时水面的精确高程。在此基础上,研究利用基于FFT的低通滤波技术提取潮位信息。最后在烟台港进行了实际工程试验。试验结果表明,当GPS PPK验潮距离达98km时,潮位误差可控在!15cm以内,验潮精度仍可优于10cm。     

Global Mapper系统在海洋调查中的应用

Global Mapper是一个简单、实用的地理信息管理与应用软件,文中介绍了该软件的基本功能和开发应用.在海洋地质调查工作中,通过对Global Mapper软件功能的转换与灵活应用,结合动态GPS,实现了地形导航和历史信息、综合信息的实时显示与查询,并改进了多波束水深测量现场监控、工程磁法测量成果数据处理等技术方法...     

我国海图坐标差值分析及“海图小改正”探讨

GPS接收机接收到的是WGS84坐标,目前我国海图采用的是北京54坐标系,这对海图用户带来使用上的不便或误解.所以直接出版WGS84坐标海图已经成为时代的必然要求.海图测绘部门已经着手全面生产和出版WCS84海图,这一工作需要大量的人力物力和时间.为了使现有北京54海图在这一过渡期内继续使用,探讨使用海图小改正的方法实现北京54海图向WGS84海图的快速转换,是可行的、经济的和有效的.文章分析了各地区坐标改正数的大小和变化规律,提出海图小改正的具体方法.     

基于频谱分析的全球定位系统跟踪环性能研究

提出了一种新的全球定位系统/惯性导航系统(GPS/INS)组合方式。从频域角度对GPS码跟踪环及载波相位锁相环进行了数学建模,对INS辅助GPS码跟踪环、载波相位锁相环的方式进行了分析研究,指出这种组合方式的优点及缺陷,最后通过数学仿真验证了分析结果。     

基于MapInfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是G IS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于M apInfo数据格式在G IS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现,首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点,再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及M apX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理,从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线,同时发现M apX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。     

基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是GIS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现，首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点，再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及MapX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理，从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线，同时发现MapX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。     

海岸测量中GPS水准精度控制的探讨

简要介绍了高程系统的概念,分析了GPS水准拟合的基本数学模型,探讨了已知水准点极少时GPS水准拟合的精度控制问题,得出的一些结论可供海道测量工作者在海岸高程控制测量中参考.     

Estimation of pile group scour using adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach

An accurate estimation of scour depth around piles is important for coastal and ocean engineers involved in the design of marine structures. Owing to the complexity of the problem, most conventional approaches are often unable to provide sufficiently accurate results. In this paper, an alternative attempt is made herein to develop adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models for predicting scour depth as well as scour width for a group of piles supporting a pier. The ANFIS model provides the system identification and interpretability of the fuzzy models and the learning capability of neural networks in a single system. Two combinations of input data were used in the analyses to predict scour depth: the first input combination involves dimensional parameters such as wave height, wave period, and water depth, while the second combination contains nondimensional numbers including the Reynolds number, the Keulegan–Carpenter number, the Shields parameter and the sediment number. The test results show that ANFIS performs better than the existing empirical formulae. The ANFIS predicts scour depth better when it is trained with the original (dimensional) rather than the nondimensional data. The depth of scour was predicted more accurately than its width. A sensitivity analysis showed that scour depth is governed mainly by the Keulegan–Carpenter number, and wave height has a greater influence on scour depth than the other independent parameters.     

自适应模糊神经推理系统在混凝土强度评定中的应用

混凝土强度评定的准确性对结构物的安全性评价具有很大的影响。为了充分利用钻芯法和回弹法这2种常用混凝土测强方法的特点,建立自适应模糊神经推理系统模型来综合评定结构的混凝土强度。将回弹值的常用对数和碳化深度值作为模型的输入,钻芯值的常用对数作为模型的输出。模型参数采用混合算法确定。其中,条件参数采用梯度下降法来调整;结论参数采用最小二乘法来调整。该模型可以有效地映射出训练数据之间复杂的非线性关系。通过对已有的钻芯、回弹试验数据的对比计算,自适应模糊神经推理系统方法的强度预测精度高于常规的回归方法。     

Application of a fuzzy inference system for the prediction of longshore sediment transport

A fuzzy inference system (FIS) and a hybrid adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which combines a fuzzy inference system and a neural network, are used to predict and model longshore sediment transport (LST). The measurement data (field and experimental data) obtained from Kamphuis [1] and Smith et al. [2] were used to develop the model. The FIS and ANFIS models employ five inputs (breaking wave height, breaking wave angle, slope at the breaking point, peak wave period and median grain size) and one output (longshore sediment transport rate). The criteria used to measure the performances of the models include the bias, the root mean square error, the scatter index and the coefficients of determination and correlation. The results indicate that the ANFIS model is superior to the FIS model for predicting LST rates. To verify the ANFIS model, the model was applied to the Karaburun coastal region, which is located along the southwestern coast of the Black Sea. The LST rates obtained from the ANFIS model were compared with the field measurements, the CERC [3] formula, the Kamphuis [1] formula and the numerical model (LITPACK). The percentages of error between the measured rates and the calculated LST rates based on the ANFIS method, the CERC formula (K_sig = 0.39), the calibrated CERC formula (K_sig = 0.08), the Kamphuis [1] formula and the numerical model (LITPACK) are 6.5%, 413.9%, 6.9%, 15.3% and 18.1%, respectively. The comparison of the results suggests that the ANFIS model is superior to the FIS model for predicting LST rates and performs significantly better than the tested empirical formulas and the numerical model.     

基于单组广播星历的GPS卫星在轨位置的拟合计算

对只接收到一组GPS卫星广播星历的情况下应用广播星历拟合计算卫星在轨位置的方法进行了研究，通过与精密星历进行比较，对拟合计算的精度进行了说明。     

GPS buoy and pressure transducer results from the August 1990 Texaco Harvest Oil Platform Experiment

The Texaco Harvest Oil Platform Experiment took place August 22–28, 1990, off Point Conception, California. This platform has been designated as the NASA/JPL verification site for the TOPEX radar altimeter, which is to be launched in mid‐1992. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain measurements from GPS and other instrumentation that will be used at the site for the verification activities, and to determine the potential effects of the platform environment on the quality of the measurements. In conjunction with this experiment, a buoy equipped with a GPS receiver was floated in the vicinity of the platform for the purpose of measuring sea‐level change and waves relative to a reference receiver located on the platform. A pressure transducer installed at the site also provided sea‐level change and wave measurements relative to the platform. We present the data collection, processing, and analysis results comparing the GPS‐buoy and pressure transducer data. The GPS‐determined sea‐surface height measurements show 1.3‐cm agreement when compared with transducer‐determined heights taken over the same period of time. Low‐rate (15‐s) data were used to measure the change in sea‐level height due to tides, while high‐rate (1‐s) measurements provided temporal resolution sufficient for determining wave spectra.